Broadcast Production Research Articles

Multimodal Visual Data Registration for Web-Based Visualization in Media Production

Recent developments of video and sensing technology have led to large volumes of digital media data. Current media production relies on videos from the principal camera together with a wide variety of heterogeneous source of supporting data [photos, light detection and ranging point clouds, witness video camera, high dynamic range imaging, and depth imagery]. Registration of visual data acquired from various 2D and 3D sensing modalities is challenging because current matching and registration methods are not appropriate due to differences in structure, format, and noise characteristics for multimodal data. A combined 2D/3D visualization of this registered data allows an integrated overview of the entire data set. For such a visualization, a Web-based context presents several advantages. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for registration and visualization of this type of visual media data. A new feature description and matching method is proposed, adaptively considering local geometry, semiglobal geometry, and color information in the scene for more robust registration. The resulting registered 2D/3D multimodal visual data are too large to be downloaded and viewed directly via the Web browser, while maintaining an acceptable user experience. Thus, we employ hierarchical techniques for compression and restructuring to enable efficient transmission and visualization over the Web, leading to interactive visualization as registered point clouds, 2D images, and videos in the browser, improving on the current state-of-the-art techniques for Web-based visualization of big media data. This is the first unified 3D Web-based visualization of multimodal visual media production data sets. The proposed pipeline is tested on big multimodal data set typical of film and broadcast production, which are made publicly available. The proposed feature description method shows two times higher precision of feature matching and more stable registration performance than existing 3D feature descriptors.

Real-time ball-position measurement using multi-view cameras for live football broadcast

We developed a robust ball-position-measurement system that can be used for actual football games. It measures the positions of a ball by integrating tracking results from multi-view cameras in real time. The positions can be used for calculating various statistical data and the production of live football broadcasts. Although several systems for visual object tracking have been proposed, tracking a ball during entire football games is still challenging due to many difficulties such as occlusion and illumination changes. We focused on the motion features of a ball object in addition to its appearance features. Tracking results from multi-view cameras are integrated in consideration of the reliability of these results, and the final ball position is robustly measured. The system was evaluated with videos shot during four professional football games held at multiple stadiums during the day and night. The evaluation results and an experimental demonstration indicate that the proposed system can robustly measure the position of a football in real time and is effective for producing live football broadcasts.

Global Electroencephalography Synchronization as a New Indicator for Tracking Emotional Changes of a Group of Individuals during Video Watching.

In the present study, we investigated whether global electroencephalography (EEG) synchronization can be a new promising index for tracking emotional arousal changes of a group of individuals during video watching. Global field synchronization (GFS), an index known to correlate with human cognitive processes, was evaluated; this index quantified the global temporal synchronization among multichannel EEG data recorded from a group of participants (n = 25) during the plays of two short video clips. The two video clips were each about 5 min long and were designed to evoke negative (fearful) or positive (happy) emotion, respectively. Another group of participants (n = 37) was asked to select the two most emotionally arousing (most touching or most fearful) scenes in each clip. The results of these questionnaire surveys were used as the ground-truth to evaluate whether the GFS could detect emotional highlights of both video clips. The emotional highlights estimated using the grand-averaged GFS waveforms of the first group were also compared with those evaluated from galvanic skin response, photoplethysmography, and multimedia content analysis, which are conventional methods used to estimate temporal changes in emotional arousal during video plays. From our results, we found that beta-band GFS values decreased during high emotional arousal, regardless of the type of emotional stimulus. Moreover, the emotional highlights estimated using the GFS waveforms coincided best with those found by the questionnaire surveys. These findings suggest that GFS might be applicable as a new index for tracking emotional arousal changes of a group of individuals during video watching, and is likely to be used to evaluate or edit movies, TV commercials, and other broadcast products.

Entrevista com David King Dunaway: o documentário radiofônico

Durante o mes de maio de 2016, o MidiaSon e a ECA-USP receberam David King Dunaway, documentarista, historiador, biografo e professor de Ingles e Literatura na Universidade do Novo Mexico, para um curso de curta-duracao sobre a producao do documentario radiofonico. Com a conclusao da serie de aulas, convidamos o professor para uma conversa sobre seu trabalho como investigador de historia oral e, principalmente, a importância do documentario radiofonico. A entrevista foi organizada em tres partes: a primeira foca a carreira e algumas das producoes mais relevantes do professor; a segunda aborda o documentario radiofonico em suas especificidades, e em relacao a outros formatos, como o feature e o jornalismo cotidiano; e a terceira parte concentra-se nos assuntos como comunidades, ativismo por meio do radio e os espacos disponiveis para a producao radiofonica documental.

Mŏkpang: pay me and I’ll show you how much I can eat for your pleasure

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the production and consumption of live-streaming personal broadcasts, focusing on their commercial and economic aspects, as well as their interactivity with their users. Mŏkpang is a term that refers to ‘eating broadcasts’, in which content creators, called Broadcasting Jockeys (BJs), televise themselves while eating. Based on a case study involving in-depth interviews with three BJs and a shop owner, this paper examines how the BJs achieve their success (attracting a huge audience and earning a high income), and how their performances interact with the audience and the pay items purchased on the digital platform. We argue that the pay items, especially the ‘star-balloon’, have unique cultural meanings beyond capitalism. We then consider the cultural context of the viewers’ behaviour during the performance. This essay shows that live-streaming personal broadcasts are critical vehicles for analysing these practices – their production and consumption – in a digital space constructed via and beyond digital technology. In particular, mŏkpang attests to the way multi-layered interactions mediated by commercial devices are taking place with the cooperation of dining businesses, viewers, and BJs. The article also aims to inquire into the meanings of mŏkpang’s commercial and economic aspects, exploring how and why they build and strengthen their relationship with the imagined community. Finally, it speculates that mŏkpang is part of a network of communities that actually accommodate recent social and cultural needs in Korea.

Development of the MPEG-H TV Audio System for ATSC 3.0

A new TV audio system based on the MPEG-H 3D audio standard has been designed, tested, and implemented for ATSC 3.0 broadcasting. The system offers immersive sound to increase the realism and immersion of programming, and offers audio objects that enable interactivity or personalization by viewers. Immersive sound may be broadcast using loudspeaker channel-based signals or scene-based components in combination with static or dynamic audio objects. Interactivity can be enabled through broadcaster-authored preset mixes or through user control of object gains and positions. Improved loudness and dynamic range control allows tailoring the sound for best reproduction on a variety of consumer devices and listening environments. The system includes features to allow operation in HD-SDI broadcast plants, storage, and editing of complex audio programs on existing video editor software or digital audio workstations, frame-accurate switching of programs, and new technologies to adapt current mixing consoles for live broadcast production of immersive and interactive sound. Field tests at live broadcast events were conducted during system design and a live demonstration test bed was constructed to prove the viability of the system design. The system also includes receiver-side components to enable interactivity, binaural rendering for headphone, or tablet computer listening, a “3D soundbar” for immersive playback without overhead speakers, and transport over HDMI 1.4 connections in consumer equipment. The system has been selected as a proposed standard of ATSC 3.0 and is the sole audio system of the UHD ATSC 3.0 broadcasting service currently being deployed in South Korea.

Strategic Use of Facebook to Build Brand Awareness

Social media provides a strategic means for non-profit organizations to build and maintain strong relationships with consumers. The purpose of this study was to apply branding theory and frameworks to the use of Facebook by National Olympic Committees in two countries, Australia and Canada over specific time periods related to three Olympics Games. These Facebook pages were examined to determine the types of brand-related post content and communication style utilized as well as the consumer response to these posts. The two organizations generally used Facebook to broadcast product related brand attributes such as information about athletes and teams. There was also a significant difference in Facebook post use and focus by two organizations indicating some international differences in using Facebook for branding a sport organization. The results also provide practical implications for non-profit sport organizations using Facebook to build positive brand images, promote fan engagement and ultimately create brand ambassadors.

A Study on the Characteristics of TV Cartoon Animation by Genre - focused on TV broadcast productions in South Korea between 1967 and 1986 –

A Study on the Characteristics of TV Cartoon Animation by Genre - focused on TV broadcast productions in South Korea between 1967 and 1986 –

Relação de gênero na educação infantil: apontamentos da literatura científica

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Medical authority and ordinary expertise: The changing forms of doctors’ talk in Swedish public service television 1983–2013

Expertise is frequently performed in the broadcast media. While academic expertise is typically promoted in expert news interviews (Montgomery, 2007), a questioning of expert authorities at the expense of lay discourses is a feature of several talk show formats (Livingstone and Lunt, 1994). This study analyses how doctor׳s expertise is performed in broadcast media, with a focus on "the in-house doctors". These are doctors who claim expertise as representatives of an academic profession and are affiliated as key actors (not occasional guests) in broadcast productions. More specifically, this study explores in-house doctors, and the changing forms of doctors׳ expertise performed in different genres of talk in three studio-based magazine programs from 1983 to 2014. The study shows a shift from the traditional medical authority performed in expert interviews and monologues of lecturing style (in the 1980s), to in-house expertise shaped by its orientation towards a communicative ethos and conversational qualities described in terms of the ordinariness of broadcast communication. The latter is mainly demonstrated in detailed analyses of the very successful show Ask the Doctor broadcast weekly since 2003 and with over one million viewers. In the show, the in-house doctor answers questions from viewers׳ letters. The analyses show how the doctor׳s performed expertise and epistemic status are reshaped in relation to: (1) the genres of talk used in the broadcast production; (2) the sense of inclusion in talk and gaze and use of personal forms of address, (3) the design of beneficial and responsible diagnoses and advice for the particular participant framework, (4) orientation toward both medical expertise, everyday experiences and lay knowledge.

Realtime Cross-Mapping of High Dynamic Range Images

The ability to deliver high dynamic range (HDR) and wide colour gamut (WCG) imagery is crucial to next generation broadcast. It is a key feature of both DVB UHD-1 Phase 2 and the latest ITU-R recommendation: BT.2100. While this is an important step towards the creation of broadcast HDR-WCG systems, if HDR-WCG production is to be deployed commercially, it is necessary to use a mix of both conventional standard dynamic range (SDR) and HDR cameras in a single HDR-WCG production. It is also necessary to derive a high quality conventional ITU-R BT.709 (SDR with gamma nonlinearity) programme for regular contribution and transmission. Additionally, it is necessary to cross-map SDR programmes, interstitials and adverts into an HDR-WCG service for transmission. This paper describes the techniques that have been developed to perform these transforms to meet broadcast production standards in real-time. These techniques are built on the experience gained in the creation of the first fifty HDR theatrical releases, as well as trials with HDR broadcast productions. Finally, the operational practices to ensure consistency in HDR-WCG production, high quality programme interchange, and a pleasing viewer experience are examined.

Producing Classics on outside Broadcast in the 1970s: The Little Minister (1975), As You Like It (1978) and Henry VIII (1979):

Cedric Messina, producer of Play of the Month (1967-77), the BBC Television Shakespeare (1978-80), and others, was responsible for the majority of BBC television adaptations of theatrical plays for over twenty years. This article examines three Messina Outside Broadcast (OB) productions, The Little Minister (1975), As You Like It (1978) and Henry VIII (1979), to explain the practice and significance of OB drama. Messina believed that recording in romantic real-life locations (castles, forests, stately homes) could inspire visual pleasure for viewers, an approach based upon the simultaneous, but perhaps contradictory, representation of the decorative/spectacular, and the (‘newsreel’/’documentary’) real.

The Effect of South Korea FA Cup Game Attendance Factors on Spectator Satisfaction and Re-attend Intention Based on Sports Industry

본 연구는 한국축구 FA컵 경기관람요인이 관람만족 및 재관람의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 FA컵 3라운드 3경기 관중들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료처리 분석을 위해 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 이와 같은 분석을 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다.BR 첫째, 한국축구 FA컵 경기관람요인은 관람만족에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한국축구 FA컵 경기관람요인은 재관람의도에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국축구 FA컵 관람만족은 재관람의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 대한축구협회는 TV중계 제작비 지원, 대회 자료제공 및 데이터베이스 구축, SNS 대학생 기자단 모집, 빅데이터를 활용한 아마추어 팀 경기력 향상, 지역연고제 강화, 프로선수들의 아마 팀 이적 환경 조성, 아마 팀의 경기장 시설 확충 등의 실무적 차원의 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다.

‘BEAMED DIRECTLY TO THE CHILDREN’: SCHOOL BROADCASTING AND SEX EDUCATION IN BRITAIN IN THE 1960s AND 1970s

ABSTRACTThis paper presents findings from a larger research project that addresses the production, content and reception of sex education broadcasts produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation and Independent Television in the 1960s and 1970s. More than educational aids, these programmes were vehicles of communication with explicit and implicit messages regarding sexual morality and the nature of childhood. With a focus on the broadcast media and their modes of address to children, this paper connects sex education content with classroom practice and broadly questions how broadcasts portrayed and authorised certain images, types of knowledge and methods for teaching children about sex.

Chasing a Tiger in a network society? Hull City’s proposed name change in the pursuit of China and East Asia’s new middle class consumers

The English Premier League possesses multiple global dimensions, including its clubs’ economic ownership, player recruitment patterns and television broadcasts of its matches. The owner of Hull City Association Football Club’s economic rights, Dr Assam Allam, announced plans to re-name the club ‘Hull City Tigers’ in an attempt to re-orientate the club towards seemingly lucrative East Asian, and specifically Chinese, markets in 2013. This article, first, draws upon Manuel Castells’ work in The Rise of the Network Society to critically discuss the logic of Hull City’s proposed reorientation to suit ‘new middle class’ consumers in China and the East Asian global region and second, uses the example to theoretically engage with Castells’ idea that ‘networks’ replace ‘hierarchies’ as social structures. This leads to the argument that while these plans might intend to strengthen the club’s financial position, they overlook a concern with local environments that Castells guides us toward. By looking toward the local consumer practices in China and the East Asian global region, Allam would find: (a) the normalisation in production and consumption of counterfeit club-branded sportswear and television broadcasts which makes increasing the club’s revenues difficult; and (b) that the region’s ‘new middle classes’ (marked by disposable income) are unlikely to foster support for Hull City, even if ‘Tigers’ is added to its name.

Beyond HD: Status of Image Acquisition Solutions for Next-Generation Broadcasting Formats

Many discussions inside the broadcasting community are focused on next-generation broadcast formats. For content producers and distributors, the primary question remains: What will be the best solution for the next-generation broadcast format? Is it just the double pixel count in horizontal and vertical directions? Will a higher frame rate, a higher dynamic range and extended color range, or both provide viewers with a higher value? Or which combination of these improvements needs to be included in a next-generation broadcast format? The answer will likely depend on the type of production, type of content delivery, or both. All of these points have a direct influence on imager technology, and this paper explains the different potential solutions of “4K” or ultrahigh-definition image acquisition, including their strengths and limitations, with a focus on live broadcast productions.

An ‘Impatient Modernist’: Mulk Raj Anand at the BBC

Mulk Raj Anand's self-description – in a 1945 broadcast about war-time London – as an ‘impatient modernist’ highlights Anand's ability to harness the velocity of broadcast production, transmission, and reception into an aesthetic of speed. Pairing Anand's unpublished BBC scripts with his war-time novel The Big Heart (1945), I show how Anand's work remediating contemporary texts for broadcast accompanied a shift in his approach to writing fiction, using the technique of intertextual scaffolding to accelerate composition. This article proposes that the name of Anand's impatience was realism – that Anand's fascination with literary modernists such as Joyce and Woolf was tempered with a desire for the immediacy and social embeddedness of realism and that broadcasting encouraged Anand in his attempt to pair modernism's cosmopolitanism and polyvocality with realism's speed, engagement, even ephemerality. Challenging the often feeble distinction between realism and modernist anti-representational technics, Anand's radio writing captures the contradictions of combined but uneven development.

Color Management for Wide-Color-Gamut UHDTV Production

Ultrahigh-definition television (UHDTV) is a wide-color-gamut system, as standardized in Rec. ITU-R BT. 2020 and SMPTE ST 2036-1, that covers most real object colors and encompasses the gamuts of high-definition television (HDTV), Adobe RGB, and Digital Cinema Initiative Primary 3 (DCI-P3). The development of wide-gamut displays and high-quality gamut mapping is a major challenge in the workflow of UHDTV production today. While monochromatic light sources, such as lasers, are ideal for UHDTV wide-gamut displays, wide-gamut liquid crystal displays with nonmonochromatic backlight sources, such as quantum dot light-emitting diodes, may well be used from the viewpoint of both cost and performance. Furthermore, a high-quality gamut mapping algorithm between UHDTV and HDTV for live broadcast production is essential. This paper offers solutions to these challenges.

Ensamblaje del Sistema de Información Documental en la producción de los noticiarios televisivos

The paper presents the logical structure and uses of the Document Information System in business television organizations. In order to describe the processes involved in the different documentation subsystems in television, the creation of a news item is walked through, indicating when and how each subsystem plays a part in the assembly line of the final broadcast product.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems Seismology for the 2012 Mw 6.1 Emilia Earthquake: Exploiting the VADASE Algorithm

Online Material: Tables of statistical indexes; figures comparing displacement solutions. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been repeatedly proven to be a powerful tool to estimate coseismic displacements and waveforms, with accuracies ranging from few millimeters to few centimeters. These promising results were achieved following two main strategies: differential positioning (DP) and precise point positioning (PPP; Bock et al. [1993], Kouba [2003], Larson et al. [2007], Larson [2009], Ohta et al. [2012], Xu et al. [2012], and Hung and Rau [2013]). In particular, both the modeling of fault rupture and the seismic moment estimation could benefit from GPS‐derived displacements, because GPS is not affected by the saturation problems experienced by seismometers located near the epicenters of strong earthquakes. Thanks to the robustness of the GPS‐derived displacement waveforms, in the last years some authors (Bock et al. , 2000; Langbein and Bock, 2004; Blewitt et al. , 2006; Bock and Genrich, 2006) addressed the problem to retrieve them in real time, with accuracies of a few centimeters, from GPS high‐rate observations (1 Hz or more). In this context, the Variometric Approach for Displacements Analysis Standalone Engine (VADASE) has been proposed (Colosimo et al. [2011a], Colosimo [2013]). The approach is based on time single differences of carrier phase observations continuously collected using a standalone GPS receiver and on standard GPS broadcast products (orbits and clocks) that are available in real time. Therefore, one receiver works in standalone mode and the epoch‐by‐epoch displacements (equivalent to velocities) are estimated. Then, they are summed over the time interval when the earthquake occurred to retrieve displacements. Because VADASE does not require either additional technological complexity or a centralized data analysis, in principle, it can be embedded into the GPS receiver firmware and therefore can work in real time. Moreover, differently from DP and PPP, …