Rock Breaking Research Articles

Drilling performance analysis of a polycrystalline diamond compact bit via finite element and experimental investigations

The significance of improving the drilling productivity and reducing the cost and non-productive time of drilling process, substantially relies on the efficiency of drilling performance. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of drilling process, aiming to predict drilling performance and investigate drilling parameters using a validated finite element (FE) model. Experimental validation of the FE model was achieved through testing on a laboratory drilling rig, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the numerical simulations. To accurately capture the nonlinear characteristics of bit-rock interaction, the Riedel–Hiermaier–Thoma model was adopted as a material model, and its parameters were identified through a series of carefully conducted experimental tests. The numerical results obtained from the FE rock failure model during the compressive and tensile tests demonstrated a robust correlation with the experimental data. The verified material model was then employed into another FE drilling model to simulate rock breaking in an actual drilling scenario. This analysis sheds light on the impact of drill-bit interaction with the rock formation, providing valuable insights into its behaviour during drilling operations. The FE drilling model was further utilised in a parametric study to predict the effects of critical drilling parameters, like loading rate and rotary speed, on the weight on the bit, torque on the bit, and rate of penetration. Both the FE drilling and experimental results provided a significant consistency when the drilling parameters were compared, and nonlinear dynamic phenomena, such as stick–slip and bit-bouncing, were observed. By investigating these effects, this study contributes to optimising drilling operations, enabling better control of premature vibrations and enhancing drilling efficiency.

Improving breaking efficiency of hard rock: Research on the mechanism of impact-shear rock breaking technology

To expedite drilling operations in hard rock of coal mines, a new type of impact-shear drill bit was developed, and its mechanism of speed-up and efficiency increase was studied. The RHT constitutive model was used to describe the structural behavior of rock, and the rock-breaking simulation model of full-size bit was established. Compared with PDC bit and hammer bit, the rock-breaking force, bit torque, and rock stress characteristics of impact-shear bit were analyzed. The results show that, in comparison to PDC bit and hammer bit, the axial force of impact-shear bit was reduced by 68.25% and 71.40%, respectively, and the average torque was reduced by 91.79% and 83.36%, respectively. Notably, for the impact-shear bit, the fluctuation of drilling force was effectively mitigated, the stick–slip vibration of bit was weakened, the rock-breaking energy consumption was drastically reduced, and the rock-breaking efficiency and bit’s life were finally improved. In terms of rock stress characteristics, the pre-impact effect of the central hammer bit of the impact-shear bit can release the internal stress of the rock well, and the stress of the rock element on the hole wall was relatively reduced, thus making it easier for the external PDC bit to break the rock. Field test results show that, under the condition of the small drilling rig, the impact-shear bit can give full play to the pre-crushing function of the impact mechanism, thereby effectively protecting the PDC cutter of external PDC bit, and realizing the fast hole-forming in hard rock of coal mine.

Dynamic Simulation Model and Performance Optimization of a Pressurized Pulsed Water Jet Device

Pulsed water jet technology has broad application prospects in the field of rock breaking. The pressurized pulsed water jet (PPWJ) is a new type of pulsed jet that offers high-amplitude pressurization, variable pulse pressure and frequency, and a high energy usage rate. To achieve a more destructive and powerful pulsed water jet, a dynamic simulation model of the device was established by using the AMESim software (v1400) based on the operational principle of PPWJs, and the simulation model was validated against the experimental results. The relationships between the key structural parameters of the PPWJ device and the pulse parameters were quantitatively investigated. The pulse pressure and frequency can be increased by appropriately increasing the nozzle diameter or boost ratio, and the pulse pressure will drop if the nozzle diameter or boost ratio exceeds a threshold value. Increasing the maximum displacement or action area of the piston will increase pulse length while decreasing pulse frequency; a proper match of the maximum displacement or action area of the piston will assure pulse peak pressure. The maximum outer diameter of the piston only affects the pulse frequency. The key structural parameters of the device were optimized on that foundation. Compared to the original device, the optimized device resulted in an increase in pulse frequency and jet output energy, leading to larger diameter and volume of erosion pits at the same stand-off distance and erosion time. The findings of this study offer valuable scientific insights for achieving efficient rock breaking with PPWJ.

The influence of length under blast load on the propagation mechanism of interconnected cracks

In order to study the influence of interconnected defects on the rock breaking effect under blast load, the relevant explosion experiment was carried out by prefabricating interconnected cracks on plexiglass plates (PMMA), and the propagation mechanism of interconnected cracks under blast load was studied from the length level. The dynamic caustic line system and finite element analysis software were combined to analyze the stress intensity factor, propagation velocity of the interconnected crack tip, and full-field stress of the specimen; the results show that with the radial stress wave propagation direction as the axis of symmetry, the two interconnected cracks with symmetrical angles but different lengths are under the action of blast load; there is a certain competition between the two cracks; the longer cracks are more likely to initiate and propagate, and the shorter cracks almost do not propagate. In addition, in terms of energy accumulation at the tips of the two cracks, the longer crack has a certain inhibitory effect on the shorter crack, and when the length of the longer crack remains unchanged, the inhibition effect weakens with the increase of the length of the shorter crack, and when the length of the shorter crack remains unchanged, the inhibitory effect increases with the increase of the length of the longer crack. After the crack initiation of the longer crack, the relationship curve between the stress intensity factor and the crack propagation velocity and time of the longer crack tip decreases first, and then the relationship curve rises to the peak as the energy of the tip of the shorter crack is transferred to the longer crack, and then the oscillation decreases, while the stress intensity factor and crack propagation rate of the shorter side crack tip show an overall downward trend. The numerical simulation is used to supplement the analysis of the stress propagation in the full-field of the specimen, which corroborates with the experiment results. The experimental study provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of the propagation mechanism of interpenetrating cracks under blast load in practical engineering.

Cutting Characteristics and Reliability Analysis of Conical Picks Containing Prefabricated Grooved Rocks

When a roadheader breaks hard rock in a roadway, the excessive cutting load causes the conical pick to experience abnormal wear, which impacts equipment stability. To improve the reliability of hard rock cutting equipment, the dynamic characteristics of prefabricated grooved rocks during cutting were investigated using a single pick cutting experimental bench in rock crushing experiments, and a conical pick cutting rock breaking finite element model was established. The rock stress state under different cutting depths and spacing conditions was analyzed, and the cutting force and the trend of the change in the specific energy consumption were elucidated. The results show that prefabricated grooves can effectively reduce the cutting load and specific energy consumption, the cutting depth and conical pick–groove spacing are the key factors affecting the cutting characteristics, and a reasonable choice of spacing and depth can help reduce the wear of conical picks and improve the working reliability of roadheaders.

The Vibration Response to the High-Pressure Gas Expansion Method: A Case Study of a Hard Rock Tunnel in China

The vibration of rock breaking in tunnel excavation may cause serious damage to nearby buildings if it is not controlled properly. With reference to a hard rock tunnel in China, the vibration response to the high-pressure gas expansion method (HPGEM), an emerging rock-breaking approach, was investigated with field tests, theoretical derivations, and numerical simulations, then comparisons with the traditional dynamite blast were performed. Firstly, the vibration velocity prediction formulas of the two methods were fitted based on the field tests. Subsequently, the accuracy of the formula was verified by numerical simulation, and the vibration attenuation law of the HPGEM was explored. Comparisons were made between the blast and HPGEM, particularly the differences in peak particle velocity (PPV) for different agent qualities, distance from the blasting center, and engineering conditions. Furthermore, this study also analyzed the relationship between the agent qualities and the rock-breaking volume under different cases, finding that the HPGEM has slight vibration and good rock-breaking effect. The HPGEM is thus fully capable of replacing dynamite blasting to carry out rock-breaking operations in certain special areas.

Effects of In-Situ Stress on Damage and Fractal during Cutting Blasting Excavation

Blasting excavation of rock masses under high in-situ stress often encounters difficulties in rock fragmentation and a high boulder rate. To gain a deeper understanding of this issue, the stress distribution of rock masses under dynamic and static loads was first studied through theoretical analysis. Then, the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software was employed to simulate the blasting crack propagation in rock masses under various in-situ stress conditions. The fractal dimension was introduced to quantitatively analyze the influence of in-situ stress on the distribution of blasting cracks. The results indicate that in-situ stress primarily affects crack propagation in the later stages of the explosion, while crack initiation and propagation in the early stages are mainly driven by the explosion load. In-situ stress significantly influences the damage area and fractal dimension of cut blasting. Under hydrostatic in-situ stress, as the in-situ stress increases, the damage area and fractal dimension of blasting cracks gradually decrease. Under non-hydrostatic in-situ stress, when the principal stress difference is small, in-situ stress promotes the damage area and fractal dimension of the surrounding rock, enhancing rock fragmentation. However, when the principal stress difference is large, in-situ stress inhibits the damage area and fractal dimension of the surrounding rock, hindering effective rock breaking.

Application of Multibody Dynamics and Bonded-Particle GPU Discrete Element Method in Modelling of a Gyratory Crusher

The gyratory crusher is one of the most important mineral processing assets in the comminution circuit, and its production performance directly impacts the circuit throughput. Due to its higher energy utilisation rate for rock breakage than semi-autogenous (SAG/AG) milling, it is a common practice in operations to promote and optimise primary crushing before the downstream capacity can be enhanced. This study aims to develop a discrete element modelling (DEM) and multibody dynamics (MBD) cosimulation framework to optimise the performance of the gyratory crusher. An MBD model was initially established to simulate the gyratory crusher’s drivetrain system. A GPU-based DEM was also developed with a parallel bond model incorporated to simulate the particle breakage behaviour. Coupling of the MBD and GPU-based DEM resulted in a cosimulation framework based on the Function Mock-up Interface. An industrial-scale gyratory crusher was selected to test the developed numerical framework, and results indicated that the developed method was capable of modelling normal and choked working conditions. The outcome of this study enabled more realistic gyratory crusher improvement and optimisation strategies for enhanced production.

Damage and fracture characteristics of thermal-treated granite subjected to ultra-high pressure jet

The water jet rock breaking technology has broad application prospects in geoenergy development engineering. However, the influence of reservoir temperature on the rock breaking effect is still unclear during the jet rock breaking process. To explore the mechanism of temperature on rock breaking by high-pressure water jets, experiments on the erosion of high-temperature granite by ultra-high pressure pure water jets (UHP-PWJ) and ultra-high pressure abrasive water jet (UHP-AWJ) were conducted at five rock temperatures: 25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C. Through three-dimensional reconstruction and microscopic observation techniques, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of rock fragmentation were analyzed, ultimately revealing the dynamic damage and rock breaking mechanisms of ultra-high pressure water jet. The results indicated that rock temperature influences result in different fragmentation characteristics under the action of two types of jets, with UHP-PWJ demonstrating significantly superior rock-breaking effects on high-temperature granite compared to UHP-AWJ. As granite temperature increases from 25 °C to 400 °C, the damage depth range for the UHP-PWJ is 30–75 times the nozzle diameter, while for the UHP-AWJ, it is only 30–40 times the nozzle diameter. For UHP-PWJ, the rock breaking mechanism is mainly driven by thermal stress, supplemented by high-speed jet impact. The significant increase in rock temperature significantly enhances its rock breaking effect, with erosion pits appearing in a spindle shape and more complex crack distribution around the pores. Compared with 25 °C granite, the damage caused by 400 °C granite jet impact increased by 6.8 times and the surface area of cracks increased by 6.5 times. For UHP-AWJ, high temperature hard rock fragmentation still relies mainly on jet impact and abrasive grinding. The thermal stress caused by rock temperature has a relatively small impact on its rock breaking effect, and the D value of the internal damage degree of granite at different temperatures is less than 0.005. The erosion pits are conical in shape, and no macroscopic cracks caused by jet impact and thermal cracking can be clearly observed around the pit. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the parameters of high-pressure jet development technology for deep geoenergy.

The Elevation Effect of Vibration Induced by Pneumatic Rock Breaking with Carbon Dioxide Ice Powder

In traditional explosive blasting, the elevation amplification effect is an important aspect that cannot be ignored in the study of vibration disasters. Compared with this type of vibration, the elevation amplification effect of vibration induced by pneumatic rock breaking with carbon dioxide ice pow-der was explored through on-site vibration monitoring experiments. The results showed peak particle velocity increased when the sensor was higher than the vibration source, indicating that vibration induced by pneumatic rock breaking with carbon dioxide ice powder, like explosive blasting, has an elevation amplification effect. However, the elevation effect of vibration induced by pneumatic rock breaking with carbon dioxide ice powder mainly manifests as an amplification of the low-frequency vibration component, suppressing and weakening the high-frequency vibration. Others, the elevation amplification effect is only reflected within a certain distance. As the distance to the vibration source increases, peak particle velocity returns to its standard value and follows the existing attenuation rule. The elevation factor no longer affects the propagation and attenuation of vibration within the rock mass.

Study on Mechanism of Stick–Slip Vibration Based on Torque Characteristics of PDC Bit

Stick–slip vibration (SV) of drill string systems is the main cause of fatigue failure of PDC bits under complex drilling conditions. Exploring its mechanism is helpful for identifying the causes of bit failure and developing preventive measures to prolong bit service life. In this study, the influence of various factors on torque characteristics is tested by drilling rock breaking with various PDC bits and the variations in torsion variables and torsion speed of drill string systems under different torque loading conditions of drill bits are ascertained. Through a finite element simulation of the drill string–bit system, the influence of the PDC bit on the torsional deformation with variable torque is determined, and the influence mechanisms of bit size, tooth structure, invasion depth, rock strength, and other factors on the SV induced by a PDC bit are established. The results show that the change in the reaction resistance moment of the formation rock leads to variation in the driving speed of the drill string system, which is one of the main reasons for the SV. Even if the torque change in the bit is minor, SV will occur if the drill string is too long.

Dialectical mechanism of improvement of rock breaking tool

Dialectical mechanism of improvement of rock breaking tool

Numerical simulation of blasting behavior of rock mass with cavity under high in-situ stress

With the shift of coal seam mining to the deep, the in-situ stress of coal and rock mass increases gradually. High ground stress can limit the generation of rock cracks caused by blasting, and blasting usually shows different crushing states than low stress conditions. In order to study the blasting expansion rule of rock mass with cavity under high ground stress and the rock mass fracture state under different side stress coefficients. In this paper, the effective range of blasting and the stress distribution under blasting load are analyzed theoretically. The RHT (Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma) model is used to numerically simulate the blasting process of rock mass with cavity under different ground stress, and the influence of ground stress and lateral pressure coefficient on the crack growth of rock mass is studied. The results show that when there is no ground stress, the damage cracks in rock mass are more concentrated in the horizontal direction and the fracture development tends to the direction where the holes are located, which confirms the guiding effect and stress concentration effect of the holes in rock mass, which helps to promote the crack penetration between the hole and the hole. The length difference of horizontal and vertical damage cracks in rock mass increases with the increase of horizontal and vertical stress difference. Under the same lateral stress coefficient, the larger the horizontal and vertical stress difference is, the stronger the inhibition effect on crack formation is. For blasting of rock mass with high ground stress, the crack formation length between gun holes decreases with the increase of stress level, and the crack extends preferentially in the direction of higher stress. Therefore, the placement of gun holes along the direction of greater stress and the shortening of hole spacing are conducive to the penetration of cracks between gun holes and empty holes. The research can provide reference for rock breaking behavior of deep rock mass blasting.

Study of rock-breaking performance of V-axe-shaped PDC cutter in tight sandstone formation

In the field of oil and gas drilling engineering, tight sandstone strata are one of the strata that are difficult to drill. The V-axe-shaped cutter has a good effect in crushing tight sandstone strata. However, there were few studies on its specific structural parameters and rock-breaking performance in tight sandstone formations. To further explore its structural parameters and rock-breaking performance, this paper studies the rock-breaking performance of a V-axe-shaped PDC cutter in tight sandstone formation by combining experiments with finite element simulation. Mechanical tests show that the compressive strength is high, with values of 130.3 MPa, 223.3 MPa, and 271.6 MPa under confining pressures of 0/15/30 (MPa), respectively, with the condition of 0.02 mm/min loading rate. Rock lithology tests that the sandstone in this formation has strong abrasiveness. The penetration ability should be considered when evaluating the rock-breaking performance of cutting cutters. The results show that the V-axe-shaped PDC cutter mainly uses shear, extrusion, and point load to break rock together. It has a stronger ability and stability to attack the rock. With a 100° V-shaped angle (α) and 140° Axe-shaped angle(β) has the best rock-breaking property. The back-rake angle of the cutter can reduce cutter vibration and significantly improve PDC bit rock-breaking efficiency. The optimal rock-breaking back-rake angle of the V-axe-shaped cutter is 20° in dense sandstone formations. With the increase of wear height(0–3 mm), the synthetical mechanical specific energy (MSE) is reduced by 11.53%, 6.30%, 10.30%, and 33.28%, respectively, compared with the conventional cutter. The tests indicate that the rock-breaking efficiency of the V-axe-shaped PDC cutter is 12.9% higher than that of the conventional PDC cutter. The application of V-axe-shaped cutters on the bit is expected to improve the rock-breaking efficiency and footage of PDC bit in tight sandstone formations and realize the development of low-cost and high-benefit oil and gas resources.

Numerical Simulation of Rock Vibration Response under Ultrasonic High-Frequency Vibration with High Confining Pressure

As deep oil and gas resources and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are developed, enhancing drilling efficiency in hard rock formations has emerged as a critical technology in oil and gas extraction. The advancement of ultrasonic, high-frequency vibration rock-breaking technology significantly facilitates efficient rock crushing. When subjected to ultrasonic high-frequency vibrations, the rock’s response is a crucial issue in implementing ultrasonic vibration rock crushing technology. This study employed numerical simulation and theoretical deduction methods, utilizing a multi-physics approach that couples solid mechanics with pressure acoustics. It integrated information on common influencing parameters of ultrasonic generators and reservoir rock properties to establish model parameters, analyze simulation results, and perform theoretical deductions. The research investigated the response patterns of different-sized rock samples under high-frequency ultrasound vibration excitation across various frequencies, amplitudes, and confining pressure conditions. Through the development of a three-dimensional model and the application of principles from solid mechanics and elastoplasticity, the study derived equations that describe the resonance frequencies of rock blocks under confining pressure as functions of relevant rock parameters. The findings indicate that ultrasonic vibrations can effectively induce rock displacement. Under excitation frequency sources, the rock exhibits a natural frequency correlated with the rock sample size. When the excitation frequency approximates the natural frequency, the rock resonates. At this point, the rock’s surface displacement is maximal. The rock undergoes tensile stress, leading to stress concentration that facilitates rock damage and fragmentation. Increasing the excitation amplitude enhances rock crushing, as it amplifies the maximum surface displacement under the same frequency excitation. Confining pressure exerts an inhibitory effect on the rock’s vibration response, but it does not alter the resonance frequency of the rock sample, a fact verified by both numerical simulation and theoretical results. Based on the research findings in this paper, it can help to optimize the parameters of ultrasonic vibration rock breaking in field application to achieve the best rock-breaking effect.

Study on cavitation and pulsation characteristics of a novel rotor-radial groove hydrodynamic cavitation reactor

Abstract Hydrodynamic cavitation is widely used in many fields such as water treatment, impact rock breaking, and food preparation. The performance of hydrodynamic cavitation is closely related to its internal flow field. In the present study, cavitation flow field was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics in the reactor. The cavitation performance of the rotor is evaluated under different operating conditions. The time frequency distribution of pressure pulsation is studied. The pressure increases at the connection point between the local low-pressure area and the mainstream low-pressure area. Cavitation bubbles collapsed at the tail end of the cavity to form a local void area. The blade frequency amplitude of pressure pulsation shows the significant periodic change. The blade frequency amplitude decreases along the flow direction. The effect of the fluid outlet led to the increase in the second-order harmonic frequency amplitude. The research results could provide theoretical support for the research of cavitation mechanism of cavitation equipment.

Study on the influence factors of rock breaking by supercritical CO2 thermal fracturing

At present, there is a growing demand for safe and low-pollution rock-breaking technology. The rock breaking technology of supercritical CO2 thermal fracturing has many advantages, such as no dust noise, no explosion, high efficiency, controllable shock wave and so on. Fully considering the combustion rate of energetic materials, heat and mass transfer, CO2 phase change and transient nonlinear flow process, a multi-field coupled numerical model of rock breaking by supercritical CO2 thermal fracturing was established based on the existing experiments. The influence factors of CO2 thermal fracturing process were studied to provide theoretical guidance for site construction parameters optimization. The numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental observation results. The results showed that the maximum temperature of CO2 and the growth rate of CO2 pressure during the fracturing process would decrease accordingly with the increase of CO2 initial pressure. But the change in CO2 peak pressure wasn't significant. Appropriately increasing the heat source power could improve the heating and pressurization rate of CO2 and accelerate the damage rate of rock. The relevant results were of great importance for promoting the application of rock breaking by supercritical CO2 thermal fracturing technology.

Microwave irradiation-induced deterioration of rock mechanical properties and implications for mechanized hard rock excavation

In this study, a novel microwave-water cooling-assisted mechanical rock breakage method was proposed to address the issues of severe tool wear at elevated temperatures, poor rock microwave absorption, and excessive microwave energy consumption. The investigation object was sandstone, which was irradiated at 4 kW microwave power for 60 s, 180 s, 300 s, and 420 s, followed by air and water cooling. Subsequently, uniaxial compression, Brazilian tension, and fracture tests were conducted. The evolution of damage in sandstone was measured using active and passive nondestructive acoustic detection methods. The roughness of the fracture surfaces of the specimens was quantified using the box-counting method. The damage mechanisms of microwave heating and water cooling on sandstone were discussed from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. The experimental results demonstrated that as the duration of the microwave irradiation increased, the P-wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus (E), tensile strength, and fracture toughness of sandstone exhibited various degrees of weakness and were further weakened by water cooling. Furthermore, an increase in the microwave irradiation duration enhanced the damaging effect of water cooling. The P-wave velocity of the sandstone was proportional to the mechanical parameters. Microwave heating and water cooling weakened the brittleness of the sandstone to a certain extent. The fractal dimension of the fracture surface was correlated with the duration of microwave heating, and the water-cooling treatment resulted in a rougher fracture surface. An analysis of the instantaneous cutting rate revealed that water cooling can substantially enhance the efficiency of microwave-assisted rock breakage.

Adjustment mechanism of blasting dynamic-static action in the water decoupling charge

Water decoupling charge blasting excels in rock breaking, relying on its uniform pressure transmission and low energy dissipation. The water decoupling coefficients can adjust the contributions of the stress wave and quasi-static pressure. However, the quantitative relationship between the two contributions is unclear, and it is difficult to provide reasonable theoretical support for the design of water decoupling blasting. In this study, a theoretical model of blasting fracturing partitioning is established. The mechanical mechanism and determination method of the optimal decoupling coefficient are obtained. The reliability is verified through model experiments and a field test. The results show that with the increasing of decoupling coefficient, the rock breaking ability of blasting dynamic action decreases, while quasi-static action increases and then decreases. The ability of quasi-static action to wedge into cracks changes due to the spatial adjustment of the blast hole and crushed zone. The quasi-static action plays a leading role in the fracturing range, determining an optimal decoupling coefficient. The optimal water decoupling coefficient is not a fixed value, which can be obtained by the proposed theoretical model. Compared with the theoretical results, the maximum error in the model experiment results is 8.03%, and the error in the field test result is 3.04%.

Advance on rock-breaking cutter steels: A review of characteristics, failure modes, molding processes and strengthening technology

Rock breaking has always been a challenging problem that must be solved in projects such as excavating mountains, drilling wells, and constructing railways. Among the rock-breaking cutter steels, AISI H13 steel and wear-resistant high manganese steel have become the best choices. From the characteristics and failure modes of the two, rock-breaking cutter steels should simultaneously have high strength, high toughness and high wear resistance to avoid short-term fracture/damage and cost increase. Analyzing the problems existing in the molding process of rock-breaking cutter steels such as die casting, forging, and hot stamping, traditional strengthening technologies such as alloying optimization, heat treatment, and surface treatment can achieve certain performance enhancement. After reaching the limits of traditional strengthening technologies, a series of nanoparticle strengthening technologies came into being. The selection, addition amount, and addition method of nanoparticles all affect the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear. To this end, this article summarizes the research progress and challenges of rock-breaking cutter steels, and discusses traditional strengthening technologies and mainstream nanoparticle strengthening technologies. It provides a reference for the future development of high-quality and high-performance rock-breaking cutter steels, with aim to simultaneously expand their application potentials to other fields.