Breaking Events Research Articles

Assessing acute myeloid leukemia susceptibility in rearrangement-driven patients by DNA breakage at topoisomerase II and CCCTC-binding factor/cohesin binding sites.

An initiating DNA double strand break (DSB) event precedes the formation of cancer-driven chromosomal abnormalities, such as gene rearrangements. Therefore, measuring DNA breaks at rearrangement-participating regions can provide a unique tool to identify and characterize susceptible individuals. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and low-input DNA break mapping method, the first of its kind for patient samples. We then measured genome-wide DNA breakage in normal cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with KMT2A (previously MLL) rearrangements, compared to that of nonfusion AML individuals, as a means to evaluate individual susceptibility to gene rearrangements. DNA breakage at the KMT2A gene region was significantly greater in fusion-driven remission individuals, as compared to nonfusion individuals. Moreover, we identified select topoisomerase II (TOP2)-sensitive and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin-binding sites with preferential DNA breakage in fusion-driven patients. Importantly, measuring DSBs at these sites, in addition to the KMT2A gene region, provided greater predictive power when assessing individual break susceptibility. We also demonstrated that low-dose etoposide exposure further elevated DNA breakage at these regions in fusion-driven AML patients, but not in nonfusion patients, indicating that these sites are preferentially sensitive to TOP2 activity in fusion-driven AML patients. These results support that mapping of DSBs in patients enables discovery of novel break-prone regions and monitoring of individuals susceptible to chromosomal abnormalities, and thus cancer. This will build the foundation for early detection of cancer-susceptible individuals, as well as those preferentially susceptible to therapy-related malignancies caused by treatment with TOP2 poisons.

Techno-economic Analysis on the Production of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles by Microwave Irradiation Method

Zinc sulfide is a semiconductor that is widely used in various fields. Synthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method has promising prospects because of its advantages, such as commercially available precursors, short reaction times, low operating temperatures, and produced high quantity and high-quality products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the production of zinc sulfide from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and thioacetamide by microwave irradiation method. The evaluation was done from the engineering and economic perspectives. The feasibility analysis method from the engineering perspective was done by designing the initial production design on a large scale, whereas the analysis from an economic perspective was done by calculating various economic parameters (i.e., Gross Profit Margin, Cumulative Net Present Value, Internal Rate Return, Payback Period, Break Event Point, and Profitability Index). The engineering perspective showed that the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles can be done on a large scale due to the commercial availability of materials and tools. Based on the economic evaluation, this project is ideal for an industrial scale. The profits increased over 20 years and the payback period was achieved within two years. We hope this study can provide references to readers, industry, and researchers regarding the feasibility analysis of the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method on a large scale.

Large-scale field model tests of landslide dam breaching

The breaching of landslide dams is a severe geological disaster, and the resulting breaching floods significantly threaten people in downstream areas. In this study, a large-scale physical model was constructed in a natural river channel using unconsolidated dam material with a wide grain size distribution. Terrestrial laser scanning was used to capture three-dimensional geometric information of the landslide dam during the breaching process. The results showed that the dominant erosion pattern during dam breaching was surface progressive erosion. The breaching process could be divided into three stages based on different erosion characteristics: headward erosion, rapid erosion, and attenuated erosion. Longitudinal and lateral evolution models were proposed based on the field test results. The longitudinal evolution model describes the erosion at the dam crest and the sedimentation at the dam toe during the breaching process by defining the erosion and rotation points. The lateral evolution model revealed different lateral erosion characteristics at different cross-sections. Both the longitudinal and lateral evolution models were validated using two dam break events of the Baige landslide. The evolution models proposed in this study provide a scientific reference for numerical simulations of dam breaching and the prevention and mitigation of landslide dams.

Analisis Ekonomis Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Dari Kotoran Ayam


 Mangkuto chicken farm is one of the large waste-producing farm in Lintau Buo and the waste in
 
 question is chicken manure. This waste can cause air pollution and will disturb human health, of course.
 From these conditions, the researchers were inspired to process the waste into something of sale value by
 processing chicken manure into organic fertilizer aerobically with low technology in the form of crumbs.
 Then knowing the moisture content and PH of the organic fertilizer based on the ideal parameters of
 organic fertilizer and knowing whether This business is feasible to be developed from a financial aspect
 with the Break Event Point (BEP), Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of
 Return (IRR) methods. And the results obtained from this research are organic fertilizer in the form of
 crumbs with a moisture content of 32.98% and a PH of 9.30 and this business is indeed feasible to be
 developed from a financial aspect.

Modulation of Wind-Wave Breaking by Long Surface Waves

This paper reports the results of field measurements of wave breaking modulations by dominant surface waves, taken from the Black Sea research platform at wind speeds ranging from 10 to 20 m/s. Wave breaking events were detected by video recordings of the sea surface synchronized and collocated with the wave gauge measurements. As observed, the main contribution to the fraction of the sea surface covered by whitecaps comes from the breaking of short gravity waves, with phase velocities exceeding 1.25 m/s. Averaging of the wave breaking over the same phases of the dominant long surface waves (LWs, with wavelengths in the range from 32 to 69 m) revealed strong modulation of whitecaps. Wave breaking occurs mainly on the crests of LWs and disappears in their troughs. Data analysis in terms of the modulation transfer function (MTF) shows that the magnitude of the MTF is about 20, it is weakly wind-dependent, and the maximum of whitecapping is windward-shifted from the LW-crest by 15 deg. A simple model of whitecaps modulations by the long waves is suggested. This model is in quantitative agreement with the measurements and correctly reproduces the modulations’ magnitude, phase, and non-sinusoidal shape.

Numerical Analysis of Sand Bed Degrading and Sediment Transport Rate Under Tailings Dam Break

Dam-breaking accidents in tailings ponds may result in loss of tailings, damage to the downstream bridges and houses, flooding of farmland and roads, hazards to the local environment, and even loss of property and lives. Therefore, research on dam breaks in tailings reservoirs and prediction of subsequent impacts are of great significance. This paper describes theoretical and numerical analyses of the retrogressive erosion model and calculations of the sand bed surface profile and sediment transport rate following tailings dam break events. The calculation results show that the degrading rate of the bed surface in the reservoir area reaches a maximum when the breach is formed and then rapidly decreases to a stable value. Farther away from the breach, the peak degrading rate of the bed surface is lower. The time of the peak tailings outflow rate is related to the formation of the breach. A larger breach has a shorter formation time and a greater peak flow.

3-D tomographic observations of Rossby wave breaking over the North Atlantic during the WISE aircraft campaign in 2017

Abstract. This paper presents measurements of ozone, water vapour and nitric acid (HNO3) in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) over North Atlantic and Europe. The measurements were acquired with the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) during the Wave Driven Isentropic Exchange (WISE) campaign in October 2017. GLORIA is an airborne limb imager capable of acquiring both 2-D data sets (curtains along the flight path) and, when the carrier aircraft is flying around the observed air mass, spatially highly resolved 3-D tomographic data. Here, we present a case study of a Rossby wave (RW) breaking event observed during two subsequent flights 2 d apart. RW breaking is known to steepen tracer gradients and facilitate stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE). Our measurements reveal complex spatial structures in stratospheric tracers (ozone and nitric acid) with multiple vertically stacked filaments. Backward-trajectory analysis is used to demonstrate that these features are related to several previous Rossby wave breaking events and that the small-scale structure of the UTLS in the Rossby wave breaking region, which is otherwise very hard to observe, can be understood as stirring and mixing of air masses of tropospheric and stratospheric origin. It is also shown that a strong nitric acid enhancement observed just above the tropopause is likely a result of NOx production by lightning activity. The measurements showed signatures of enhanced mixing between stratospheric and tropospheric air near the polar jet with some transport of water vapour into the stratosphere. Some of the air masses seen in 3-D data were encountered again 2 d later, stretched to very thin filament (horizontal thickness down to 30 km at some altitudes) rich in stratospheric tracers. This repeated measurement allowed us to directly observe and analyse the progress of mixing processes in a thin filament over 2 d. Our results provide direct insight into small-scale dynamics of the UTLS in the Rossby wave breaking region, which is of great importance to understanding STE and poleward transport in the UTLS.

Localization and size estimation for breaks in nuclear power plants

Several algorithms for nuclear power plant (NPP) break event detection, isolation, localization, and size estimation are proposed. A break event can be promptly detected and isolated after its occurrence by simultaneously monitoring changes in the sensing readings and by employing an interquartile range-based isolation scheme. By considering the multi-sensor data block of a break to be rank-one, it can be located as the position whose lead field vector is most orthogonal to the noise subspace of that data block using the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Owing to the flexibility of deep neural networks in selecting the best regression model for the available data, we can estimate the break size using multiple-sensor recordings of the break regardless of the sensor types. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms was evaluated using the data generated by Maanshan NPP simulator. The experimental results demonstrated that the MUSIC method could distinguish two near breaks. However, if the two breaks were close and of small sizes, the MUSIC method might wrongly locate them. The break sizes estimated by the proposed deep learning model were close to their actual values, but relative errors of more than 8% were seen while estimating small breaks’ sizes.

Cost Analysis and Economic Evaluation for Manufacturing Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles from Eggshell Waste

The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic feasibility of manufacturing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from eggshell waste. The economic analysis perspective is carried out by calculating various economic parameters, namely gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), break event point (BEP), internal rate return (IRR), creating net present value (CNPV), return on investment ( ROI) and profitability index (PI). The results show that the production of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from eggshell waste is prospective. Technical analysis to produce 30,150 Kg of hydroxyapatite per year shows the total cost of equipment purchased is Rp. 230,580,000.00, and the total cost of raw materials is Rp. 890,235,720.00. The profit obtained from the sale of the product is Rp. 4,520,803,500.00/year. Within 20 years of the construction of this project, using eggshells as a raw material for production can reduce the accumulation of eggshell waste. This project can compete with PBP capital market standards due to the short return on investment of around 3 years. To ensure feasibility, the project is estimated from ideal to worst case conditions in production, including labor, sales, raw materials, utilities, as well as external conditions (taxes and subsidiaries). The benefits of this research are that it can provide information on the economic feasibility of manufacturing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on a large scale, and can optimize/develop projects for further investigation.

Techno-economic Analysis on the Production of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles by Precipitation Assisted Ultrasonic Radiation Method

Zinc sulfide is a material that has many uses in various fields. Zinc sulfide is deriving from the mineral sphalerite. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of producing zinc sulfide from zinc acetate and sodium sulfide using the precipitation-assisted ultrasonic radiation method. This method is the most efficient method for the synthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticles, because it does not take much time and the resulting product is high. The evaluation was done from the engineering and economic perspectives. The feasibility analysis method from the engineering perspective was done by designing the initial production design on a large scale, whereas the analysis from an economic perspective was done by calculating various economic parameters, that is Gross Profit Margin, Cumulative Net Present Value, Internal Rate Return, Payback Period, Break Event Point, and Profitability Index. The engineering perspective showed that the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles can be done on a large scale due to the commercial availability of materials and tools. Based on the economic evaluation, the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles by precipitation-assisted ultrasonic method is ideal for an industrial scale. Earned increased profits over 20 years, the payback on investment costs lasted only two years. We hope that this study can provide references to readers, industry, and researchers regarding the feasibility analysis of the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles using the precipitation-assisted ultrasonic radiation method

Incorporating wave-breaking data in the calibration of a Boussinesq-type wave model

Wave breaking is one of the main forcing mechanisms in coastal hydrodynamics, driving mean water levels and currents. Its accurate representation and modeling is therefore essential to develop a thorough understanding and predictive capabilities. In this work, the performance of a 1D Boussinesq Type Model is assessed by expanding the traditional approach of calibrating the models against profiles and time series of wave quantities data, with remotely sensed observations of the spatio-temporal occurrence of breaking events, on a laboratory setting considering one regular and one irregular wave condition over a fixed barred beach. A re-analysis of calibrated parameters from a wave breaking model based on the turbulent roller analogy is performed using observed wave-by-wave breaking events. The calibration process aims at matching the initiation/cessation of individual breaking events, and the histograms of breaking occurrence at each location. Results confirm that it is possible to find a physically sound parameter space that yields minimal differences in profiles of phase averaged quantities such as the root-mean-square wave height, wave setup, skewness, and asymmetry; nevertheless, not all of these parameter combinations succeed in representing the spatio-temporal occurrence of breaking events. These results suggest that models can reproduce the overall behavior of wave breaking dissipation, although this does not necessarily mean that the process itself is appropriately modeled. This could in turn influence the modeling capability of other quantities derived from these models, such as mean currents. It is thus considered that incorporating spatio-temporal wave breaking data is essential in assessing model performances.

Kelayakan Finansial dan Analisis Nilai Tambah pada Pengolahan Teh Putih di PT. Bali Cahaya Amerta Gianyar Bali

White tea are superior products at PT. Bali Cahaya Amerta and still not so many other companies in producing it. The purpose of the study is to, determine the financial feasibility of white tea processing at PT. Bali Cahaya Amerta, determine the added value generated from the processing of white tea at PT. Bali Cahaya Amerta, and determine the feasibility of white tea at PT. Bali Cahaya Amerta if there is an increase in operating costs and a decrease in income using sensitivity analysis. Financial feasibility analysis uses quantitative descriptive analysis using the calculation of profit and loss, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Net B / C Ratio, Payback Period, and Break Event Point, and value added analysis using the Hayami method. Production of white peony and silver needles is feasible, with Net Present Value results of Rp. 4,505,933,033. Internal Rate of Return of 5.49% shows that the rate of return is greater than the specified bank interest rate. Payback Period for 2 years 3 months. B/C ratio of 1.55. White peony added value obtained a value of Rp. 860,000 per kg, the ratio of added value is 110.25%. While the added value of the silver needle is Rp. 430,000 per kg, value added ratio of 47.77%. The sensitivity analysis scenario shows that both an increase in operating costs of 1.5% -4% and revenue decreased 1.5% -2.5% resulting in a positive NVP. So that the business of white peony and silver needle is feasible.
 Keywords: white tea, financial feasibility, value added

A Study of Two Impactful Heavy Rainfall Events in the Southern Appalachian Mountains during Early 2020, Part I; Societal Impacts, Synoptic Overview, and Historical Context

Two heavy rainfall events occurring in early 2020 brought flooding, flash flooding, strong winds and tornadoes to the southern Appalachian Mountains. The atmospheric river-influenced events qualified as extreme (top 2.5%) rain events in the archives of two research-grade rain gauge networks located in two different river basins. The earlier event of 5–7 February 2020 was an event of longer duration that caused significant flooding in close proximity to the mountains and had the higher total accumulation observed by the two gauge networks, compared to the later event of 12–13 April 2020. However, its associated downstream flooding response and number of landslides (two) were muted compared to the April event (21). The purpose of this study is to understand differences in the surface response of the two events, primarily by examining the large-scale weather pattern and available space-based observations. Both storms were preceded by anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking events that led to a highly amplified 500 hPa wave during the February storm (a broad continent-wide 500 hPa cyclone during the April storm) in which the accompanying low-level cyclone moved slowly (rapidly). Model analyses and space-based water vapor observations of the two events indicated a deep sub-tropical moisture source during the February storm (converging sub-tropical low-level moisture streams and a dry mid-tropospheric layer during the April storm). Systematic differences of environmental stability were reflected in differences of storm-averaged rain rate intensity, with large-scale atmospheric structures favoring higher intensities during the April storm. Space-based observations of post-storm surface conditions suggested antecedent soil moisture conditioned by rainfall of the February event made the widespread triggering of landslides possible during the higher intensity rains of the April event, a period exceeding the 30 day lag explored in Miller et al. (2019).

Dampak covid-19 terhadap permintaan susu kambing peranakan etawa di desa aikmual lombok tengah

Background: Etawa's crossbreed goat milk is one of the alternatives chosen by the community as a substitute for cow's milk, people in Indonesia believe in milk, it increases antibodies. to find out whether the demand for goat's milk increases or decreases during the presence of COVID-19.
 Methods: This study used a questionnaire-based descriptive method. The sample consisted of 5 breeders of Etawa crossbred goats, communicated via cellphone to interview 5 breeders. This research was conducted in May 2020 and data analysis used the BEP test.
 Results: During the Covid-19 pandemic the demand for Eatawa crossbreed goat milk increased. The existence of this pandemic has had a positive impact seen from the demand for consumers that has not decreased, and the increase in demand for milk which was originally sold from 50L to 75L in one month after the pandemic.
 Conclusion: It is necessary to carry out organoleptic and mastitis tests so that consumers who consume this etawa cross breed goat's milk avoid disease -milk-borne diseases.
 Keywords: BEP (Break event point), Covid-19, Etawa crossbreed goat milk.

KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA KERAMBA JARING APUNG DI TELUK AMBON DALAM

The waters of Inner Ambon Bay is potential for various fishery businesses, which if developed will provide high economic value. One of the fishery businesses in Inner Ambon Bay is aquaculture using floating net cages. The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of aquaculture in Ambon Dalam Bay, Waiheru Village and Poka Village based on financial aspects with criteria such as Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Return on Investment (ROI), Payback Period (PP), and Break Event Point (BEP). The results show that the floating net cage cultivation business is feasible to develop, with an average R/C value in Waiheru Village and Poka Village >1, the average ROI value in Waiheru Village for HDPE cages is 48.64% and wooden cages is 109.70%, while in Poka Village is 44.25% for HDPE cages and 124.01% for wooden cages. The average payback period for HDPE cages in Waiheru Village is 2.12207 years or 2 years and 1 month and Poka Village is 2.26239 years or 2 years and 3 months, while for wooden cages in Waiheru Village 0.94529 years or 11 months and Poka Village 0.84094 years or 10 months. The production BEP benefits because the amount of production or fish sold is greater than the production BEP and the selling price for each type of fish cultivated has exceeded the BEP price.

Two Types of Rossby Wave Breaking Events and Their Influences on East Asian Winter Temperature

AbstractManifested as irreversible overturning of potential temperature contours on the tropopause, the Rossby wave breaking (RWB) can impact mid‐latitude weather and climate. Little attention has been paid to the influence of the Rossby wave breaking around East Asia on the East Asian winter climate. The present study reveals that anticyclonic wave breaking (AWB) and cyclonic wave breaking (CWB) events over Siberia and the North Pacific can impact East Asian winter temperature through different dynamical processes. The AWB events are characterized as northeastward intrusion of low‐potential vorticity (PV) air from the subtropics and southwestward extension of high‐PV air from the high latitudes over the western Siberia. The positive Arctic Oscillation (AO) during the AWB is accompanied by a wave train over Eurasia, contributing to the enhancement of the Siberian high, which causes cold anomalies over East Asia. The CWB events are manifested as northwestward intrusion of low‐PV air from the middle latitudes and southeastward extension of high‐PV air from the high latitudes over the western North Pacific. The CWB events are associated with the westward retrogression of the blocking over the North Pacific, leading to intensification of the Siberian high. Furthermore, the CWB forces cyclonic anomalies over East Asia, leading to the deepening of the East Asian trough and cold anomalies there. In addition, the CWB events over the western North Pacific can impact the climate over North America via the Rossby wave train emanating from the CWB region.

Chiral Porphyrin Assemblies: From Solution to Solid State

Chirality has increasingly nurtured scientific interests because, beyond the concepts related with the emergence and evolution of Life, it has remarkable implications in practical fields, where chiral materials, coupled with nanotechnology, can be exploited in chiral sensing, optical displays, information storage, asymmetric catalysis and so on.Porphyrins have been extensively used as building blocks to assembling organized systems featuring chirality at supramolecular level, mostly in solution. Indeed, the fine tuning of the properties of these chiral systems, is made possible by a florilegium of either internal or external stimuli, such as solvent polarity, pH, ionic strength, and templates.1 Although the achievement in solution is now well-established, the transfer of the chiral assemblies from solution to thin-film onto inorganic surfaces is not so obvious. Indeed, outside factors as hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the substrates or the solvent evaporation process can deeply influence film formation and, consequently, its chirality. Furthermore, multiple limitations concerning, among others, robustness and versatility of the chiral nanostructures has still to be overcome for their efficient real-life implementation in a device.Over the years, we investigated the construction of chiral aggregates based on prolinated porphyrin derivatives in hydroalcoholic mixtures, whose formation was steered by hydrophobic effect. We demonstrated the influence of structural parameters (metal coordinated, charge/stereochemistry of the proline moiety) as well as solvent bulk properties (composition, concentration, ionic strength, presence of co-solutes) on both the overall aggregation process and the final morphologies observed.2-4 The implementation on a device often requires the fabrication of solid film by varied controlled deposition techniques able to maintain/amplify the chiral features of the aggregates formed in solution or to create ordered chiral layers by symmetry breaking events (i.e. Langmuir Blodgett or Langmuir-Schaefer techniques). Porphyrin derivatives bearing an appended (L)- or (D)- functionality on a meso phenyl position offered multiple options for realizing chiral surfaces, which are illustrated in Figure 1. Indeed, chiral films can be obtained by drop casting the aggregates formed in EtOH/H2O mixtures on glass, as well as a toluene solution of the porphyrin monomers. Alternatively, the carboxylic group placed on the proline unit can be exploited to anchor the macrocycle onto different inorganic nanostructures, as ZnO or silica nanoparticles, giving chiral layers on glass or quartz slides. In this regard, we also recently found that hybrid systems constituted by chiral Zn-porphyrin capped ZnO nanostructures are able to selectively detect the different enantiomers of chiral analytes, such as limonene vapours, when layered on quartz microbalance surface.5 The potential use of these chiral systems as sensitive materials in stereoselective sensors is indeed particularly appealing, since the most of new emergent pollutants released into the environment by pharmaceutical or agrochemical industries are chiral compounds, whose biological impact strictly depends on the specific enantiomer.In this contribution, an overview of the different preparation protocols of chiral porphyrin-based films will be provided, thoroughly illustrating the characterization of the obtained surfaces by several microscopies and spectroscopic investigations. Furthermore, studies on the chiral discrimination potential featured by the developed surfaces will be also presented. Figure 1

TECHNO ECONOMIC STUDY OF LIQUID SMOKE FROM CASHEW NUT SHELL WASTE

Liquid smoke has a very large use, it is a result of condensation or condensation of pyrolysis vapor, directly or indirectly from wood materials such as cashew nut shells. Cashew nut shell is an abundant biomass of cashew nut processing industry but its utilization is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to make liquid smoke from cashew nut shell waste (technological aspect) and conduct economic analysis (economic aspect) to determine economic feasibility. Liquid smoke is made by pyrolysis at a temperature of 150-450oC in a simple batch type reactor. The results obtained were analyzed for its chemical components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MC) spectrophotometer analysis. The largest liquid smoke production was obtained at a temperature of 450oC and a time of 2.5 hours with a yield of 19.46%. The main chemical components contained in liquid smoke are phenol (36.310%), acid (12.947%) and carbonyl (16.715%) respectively. With a liquid smoke production capacity of 200 tons per year, liquid smoke products can be sold at a price of IDR 3,620,137,785/years. Total Production cost 2,572,976,800/years. Annual net profit 733,012,689. Investigation of the economic feasibility of liquid smoke production, seen from the Rate of Rate on Investment, is 15.65%, Pay Out Time is 2.99 years and Break Event Point is 49.05%

Analysis of Broiler Chicken Farming Business Income in Partner Patterns in Muaro Sentajo Village, Sentajo Raya District, Kuantan Singingi Regency (Case Study of Mrs. Suniati's Livestock Business)

The purpose of this research is to find out how much the cost, income, efficiency and Break Event Point for the broiler chicken breeder business partner Mrs. Suniati in Muaro Sentajo Village, Sentajo Raya District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. To analyze the data used mathematical analysis with descriptive and quantitative analysis. This research is a case study research in which research is focused on only one broiler chicken farming business. Results for analyzing revenues, costs and production are analyzed once in the production process. The results of this study indicate that Ibu Suniati's partner broiler chicken pattern with a scale of 3000 tails uses a cost of Rp.79,200,323, - / period, the receipt is Rp.81,154,080 /, - period, with a total profit of Rp.1,953. 757 / period, and an efficiency level of Rp. 1,025 / period which means 1 rupiah of the cost incurred then obtains revenue of 1,025 rupiahs or a profit of 0.25 rupiahs. And the level of Break Event Point in this study is that the production BEP is 4,342 kg, where the broiler breeder, the partner pattern of Ibu Suniati, must produce broiler chickens above 4,342 kg, while the price for the BEP is Rp. 18.136, - means that this broiler breeder, Ibu Suniati's partner pattern, must sell at a price of Rp. 18,136.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik dan Kaca sebagai Pembuatan Bata Plastik yang Ramah Api

In order to preserve the environment from plastic waste, various ways can be done, one solution is to make a brick made from plastic that is the secret fire and use glass as its mixture. Fire-friendly here using the distillation tool is done so that the oil content of the plastic is separate and the plastics produced are more friendly to the flame. The experimental design by using RAL was used to determine the composition of brick making. In determining the composition is fitting done with a test object, a cube-shaped test object with a size of 5x5x5 cm. Maximum of absorbent brick power is 20%, from the processing result then in the sample can be 4th with water absorption of 0.74%. Based on data processing, the total plastic weight for plastic bricks is 12.77%. Then based on the observations that have been made known at a time 5 minutes 23 seconds. The bricks are not distilled, then the brick that has been distilled melted at a time of 17 minutes 40 seconds. Then based on the calculation result can be cost of raw materials amounting to Rp 51,000, labor cost of Rp 38,461, and the overhead variable fee is Rp 25,000. So the total cost per day of Rp 114,461. Then based on 5% margin, brick sale price of Rp 3,000/seed and breakeven point determination or break event point plastic brick 43 seed, and the point of the scan is Rp 99,350.6493.