Brazilian School Research Articles

Healthy dietary patterns linked to Brazilian adolescents' school meal adherence.

This study aimed to verify the association between adherence to school meals provided by the National School Feeding Program and dietary patterns in adolescents from Brazilian public schools. Data from the 2019 National School Health Survey were used, with a nationally representative sample of Brazilian school adolescents (n=53,477; 13-17 years old). Food consumption of healthy and unhealthy food markers was obtained from a food consumption questionnaire. Regular consumption was considered ≥5 times/week. Latent class analysis was used to identify dietary patterns whose association with adherence to school meals was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression models, with adjustment for sociodemographic and eating behavior variables. Three dietary patterns were identified: "unhealthy" - higher consumption of soft drinks and sweets (9.2% of adolescents); "healthy" - higher consumption of beans, vegetables, and fruits (27.1%); and "monotonous" - higher consumption of beans (63.7%). High adherence to school meals (every day) and unsatisfactory adherence (1-4 times/week) were positively associated with the healthy pattern even after adjustment for possible potential confounders (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.23-1.52; OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.10-1.30, respectively). The results showed that the consumption of school meals offered by the National School Feeding Program can contribute to healthy eating habits among Brazilian adolescents.

MOVIMENTOS REACIONÁRIOS À TEORIA FREIREANA: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DE PROJETOS DE LEI PROPOSTOS ENTRE 2015 E 2020

Education, Paulo Freire, one of the greatest thinkers in global pedagogy, to be viewed unfavorably by a significant portion of Brazilians. It is necessary, then, to comprehend how reactionary movements are currently forming and how they influence the attack on Freirean thinking. We analyze the intersections between reactionary movements, Paulo Freire, and the "Escola Sem Partido" (School Without Party) movement, which gained significant prominence in 2015 when its first bill was proposed in the National Congress. In the analysis of the bills that deal with the removal of Paulo Freire as the patron of Brazilian education, we observe the repeated use of the argument that Freire is to blame for the low quality of Brazilian education. Additionally, there is a production of discourse asserting that Freire is a left-wing indoctrinator who uses his theory to propagate his political views, as well as claims that he encourages disorder and insubordination. In this way, the attacks against Freire fall within a political opposition, in which these conservative and neo-fascist movements serve neoliberalism and seek to limit the content taught in Brazilian schools, using Freire as a starting point to undermine his work and the model of critical and progressive education that he represents.

The courage to read and write in Brazilian schools

Resumo Precisamos de coragem para ler e escrever na escola brasileira no presente? Quais os efeitos dos modos de ler e escrever na escola, em se tratando da condução das condutas em tempos de ataques às escolas, aos professores e aos livros? A partir de tais problematizações, tendo em conta os estudos foucaultianos sobre a genealogia da subjetivação, neste artigo, enquanto ensaio teórico, parte-se da perspectiva de que o ethos é o ponto de articulação entre dizer a verdade e o bem conduzir-se e conduzir os demais. Inspirando-nos principalmente na obra de Foucault A coragem da verdade , faz-se um recorte temático para perguntar pelos modos de ler e escrever na escola hodiernamente. Para tanto, pensa-se sobre os modos de veridição que operam no presente quando se trata das práticas de leitura e escrita, bem como sobre a força desse outro que nos atravessa quando lemos e escrevemos na escola. Sem buscar uma aplicação fácil ou anacrônica, conjecturam-se a composição e a força do ensino no presente, atravessadas por algumas características específicas da parrésia , para tomar tal ferramental analítico, considerando-se as práticas de leitura e de escrita e a figura do mestre em suas relações, ainda, como um ato de coragem. Essa postura está conectada a uma crítica em nosso presente, na defesa da democratização do acesso e do exercício de tais práticas como exercícios possíveis de certo cuidado de si.

“Une autre manière d’enseigner”: as classes nouvelles francesas e seu transbordamento no Brasil nos anos 1950

Abstract This article proposes an understanding of the “classes nouvelles”, their circulation and appropriation in Brazilian secondary education in the 1950s. Idealized and implemented by Gustave Monod in French secondary education, from 1945 onwards, the “classes nouvelles” established an innovative school culture based on New Education. This pedagogical experience circulated in state of São Paulo thanks to Luis Contier who, after an internship in France, implemented it at a São Paulo school where he worked. The Contier experience, known as experimental secondary classes, instigated the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Culture to create legislation, in 1958, that allowed the introduction of these classes in Brazilian schools. This work is thought from concepts of the new cultural history and is carried out with sources written in French and Portuguese.

QUALIDADE DA OFERTA EDUCACIONAL E DESIGUALDADES DE APRENDIZADO NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL BRASILEIRO

ABSTRACT: In the last decades, there was a more significant concern with educational quality than towards actions to combat inequality in the public Brazilian agenda due to the broad use of Ideb (Basic Education Development Index). However, studies have pointed out that equity did not follow quality, hindering constitutional principles. In this sense, we investigate the relationship between the educational provision indicators and the measure of learning quality and equity in elementary and middle school. Using data from Brazilian public schools retrieved from School Census, Saeb (Basic Education Evaluation System), demographic, investment data from IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and Siope (Information System on Public Budgets in Education), we could observe that the indicators of educational provision are more closely connected to quality than equity and that more populated cities tend to have quality with less equity. We note a North/South pattern in the country, with more equitable situations in the North and Northeast states, while higher quality situations are observed in the South and Southeast states. Situations portraying more quality with equity are rare in Brazilian cities but were proportionally higher in Ceará. The results indicate that more objective and specific policies are needed to guarantee a quality education with equity. This guarantee is a right for all and is even more relevant in a post-pandemic scenario marked by more profound learning gaps and educational inequalities.

Burnout and engagement in Brazilian public high school teachers

Resumo O trabalho docente é avaliado como um dos mais estressantes, com atividades que repercutem na saúde física e mental de trabalhadores, sendo caracterizado como uma ocupação de risco. Os conceitos de burnout e engagement no trabalho têm sido estudados como elementos para entender a percepção de saúde mental de professores sobre o seu contexto de trabalho. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender, a partir da perspectiva de professores do ensino médio, quais são os fatores de mal-estar e de bem-estar presentes no contexto escolar. Trata-se de um estudo de método quantitativo, com coleta on-line. A amostra foi composta por oitenta docentes de escolas públicas brasileiras. Destacamos como principal contribuição do estudo os resultados inesperados referentes às variáveis “possuir alguma crença” e “zona onde reside”. Professoras que possuíam alguma crença apresentaram escores de bem-estar significativamente maiores em comparação às que não possuíam nenhuma crença. Professoras que residem e atuam na zona rural apresentaram escores de bem-estar significativamente maiores em comparação com às que residem e atuam em zona urbana. Em relação à pontuação das escalas utilizadas, as médias obtidas para avaliar mal-estar foram consideradas altas enquanto as de bem-estar foram consideradas medianas. Considera-se que as variáveis reportadas são de interesse da comunidade científica devido ao baixo número ou à inexistência de estudos que as investiguem. Espera-se que os resultados possam contribuir para criação de programas, intervenções e estratégias de enfrentamento em prevenção e promoção de saúde, bem como de formações continuadas.

Reliability across content areas in progress tests assessing medical knowledge: a Brazilian cross-sectional study with implications for medical education assessments.

Brazilian medical schools equitably divide their medical education assessments into five content areas: internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and public health. However, this division does not follow international patterns and may threaten the examinations' reliability and validity. To assess the reliability indices of the content areas of serial, cross-institutional progress test examinations. This was an analytical, observational, and cross-sectional study conducted at nine public medical schools (mainly from the state of São Paulo) with progress test examinations conducted between 2017 and 2023. The examinations covered the areas of basic sciences, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and public health. We calculated reliability indices using Cronbach's α, which indicates the internal consistency of a test. We used simple linear regressions to analyze temporal trends. The results showed that the Cronbach's α for basic sciences and internal medicine presented lower values, whereas gynecology, obstetrics, and public health presented higher values. After changes in the number of items and the exclusion of basic sciences as a separate content area, internal medicine ranked highest in 2023. Individually, all content areas except pediatrics remained stable over time. Maintaining an equitable division in assessment content may lead to suboptimal results in terms of assessment reliability, especially for internal medicine. Therefore, content sampling of medical knowledge for general assessments should be reappraised.

FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO USO DE ÁLCOOL EM UMA AMOSTRA REPRESENTATIVA DE ADOLESCENTES DO BRASIL

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with alcohol use among Brazilian school adolescents. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study uses secondary data from the 2019 National School Health Survey edition conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The research evaluated 125,123 adolescents through the application of a questionnaire. For the final model, multiple logistic regression was used. Results: Lifetime cigarette use was strongly associated with alcohol use (Odds Ratio=3.25; 95% Confidence Interval 2.28-4.62), followed by friends’ alcohol use in the last 30 days (Odds Ratio=2.15; 95% Confidence Interval 1.52-3.05) and having parents who smoke (Odds Ratio=1.29; 95% Confidence Interval 1.13-1.48). Conclusion: Integrated actions and public policies involving young people and adolescents are important to ensure the health and well-being of healthy adults.

Prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior among Brazilian school adolescents.

This article evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) among Brazilian school adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected from the National Survey of School Health, 2019 edition, with a representative sample of 7th grade of elementary school to 3rd year of high school Brazilian school adolescents. This work evaluated sociodemographic, behavioral, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, sociability characteristics, medical advice received at school, and body image. RSB was characterized as the non-use of a condom during sexual intercourse. The data were analyzed using hierarchical Poisson regression modeling. The prevalence of RSB was of 40.3%, with the lowest proportion appearing in the North region (37.4%). The highest prevalence of RSB was found among female adolescents, whose first sexual intercourse occurred at 13 years of age or under, who were victims of sexual violence, who practiced bullying, and who used illicit drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol. Those who used a condom during their first sexual intercourse showed the lowest prevalence of RSB. The high prevalence of RSB among Brazilian school adolescents, together with the knowledge of the associated factors, serves to define strategies to favor improvements in the sexual and reproductive health of these young people.

XI Brazilian School of Magnetism: The resumption

Esse é um artigo de apresentação da edição especial da Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física (RBEF) dedicada à palestras apresentadas na XI Escola Brasileira de Magnetismo (EBM) realizada em Porto Alegre em novembro de 2023. Inicialmente, fazemos um relato da XI EBM assim como um histórico das EBMs, evento esse que é realizado pela comunidade brasileira de magnetismo há mais de duas décadas. Em seguida apresentamos uma breve descrição dos artigos sobre temas avançados apresentados na XI EBM. Esses artigos versam tanto sobre temas substantivos do magnetismo básico (teórico e experimental) assim como suas aplicações em áreas tão distintas como medicina e geologia.

The neuropsychological functions of schoolchildren after the reopening of brazilian schools during the Covid-19 pandemic

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as funções neuropsicológicas de estudantes de uma escola pública do Distrito Federal (Brasil), matriculadas 1º e 2º ano de Ensino Fundamental na reabertura das escolas públicas na pandemia da COVID-19 e a influência dos fatores familiares e contextuais sobre o desempenho dessas habilidades. Métodos Participaram 117 estudantes, bem como seus responsáveis. As crianças foram avaliadas presencialmente por meio do Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve Infantil (NEUPSILIN-Inf). Os pais/responsáveis responderam remotamente ao Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar e as questões para classificação socioeconômica e de escolaridade materna. Resultado Os dados apontam alta prevalência de crianças em fase de alfabetização que apresentam alerta ou déficit das funções de orientação, memória, linguagem, habilidades visuoespaciais, habilidades aritméticas e fluência verbal. Ainda, as atividades previsíveis que sinalizam algum grau de estabilidade na vida familiar são preditoras do desempenho das crianças na habilidade de orientação e os recursos que promovem processos proximais refletem significativamente no desempenho em linguagem. Os resultados sugerem que crianças inseridas em família com estimativas da renda domiciliar abaixo de um salário mínimo apresentam piores desempenhos do controle inibitório. Conclusão Foram apresentados e discutidos os impactos das alterações das habilidades neuropsicológicas para o aprendizado das crianças, destacando a necessidade de intervenções imediatas e direcionadas para essas funções. Foram considerados os fatores contextuais que apresentaram influência sobre o desempenho das habilidades neuropsicológicas.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao comportamento sexual de risco de adolescentes escolares brasileiros

Abstract This article evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) among Brazilian school adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected from the National Survey of School Health, 2019 edition, with a representative sample of 7th grade of elementary school to 3rd year of high school Brazilian school adolescents. This work evaluated sociodemographic, behavioral, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, sociability characteristics, medical advice received at school, and body image. RSB was characterized as the non-use of a condom during sexual intercourse. The data were analyzed using hierarchical Poisson regression modeling. The prevalence of RSB was of 40.3%, with the lowest proportion appearing in the North region (37.4%). The highest prevalence of RSB was found among female adolescents, whose first sexual intercourse occurred at 13 years of age or under, who were victims of sexual violence, who practiced bullying, and who used illicit drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol. Those who used a condom during their first sexual intercourse showed the lowest prevalence of RSB. The high prevalence of RSB among Brazilian school adolescents, together with the knowledge of the associated factors, serves to define strategies to favor improvements in the sexual and reproductive health of these young people.

Inclusion: How to Rescue the Literacy Process in Students After the Pandemic Period

The objective of the work was to study the alternatives that can be adopted in order to rescue the literacy process in students after the pandemic period. The pandemic caused by the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) caused the closure of schools in several countries, which affected hundreds of millions of students. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the closure of schools in Brazil began in mid-March 2020 and lasted until the beginning of 2022, being considered a crucial step to reduce the transmission of the coronavirus, influencing the education of students and their families as well as teachers. Bibliographical research was used as methodology, which was carried out from materials already published in scientific articles and internet sites. It was concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic brought great challenges to education around the world, and the literacy process of students was one of the most affected. However, it is possible to rescue this process through inclusive and individualized measures that take into account the needs and abilities of each student.

HAGIOGRAFÍA

Catholic schools in Brazil over the past centuries have collaborated and collaborate in the education of countless generations. The Law of Guidelines and Base of National Education (law 9394/96) in its article 19, defines that these schools are called denominational schools and are characterized by their own ideologies. In this way, such basic education institutions follow the state legislation and that of their sponsors. Specifically, some Catholic schools, upon assuming the National Common Curricular Base (2018), began to guide Religious Education according to the non-confessional model established by the BNCC. However, they should expose the explicitly religious proposal, which they did for Pastoral Escolar to demonstrate the Spirituality and Charisma of the Congregations that guide these schools. From this scenario, the Schools of the Scalabrinian Sisters (REDE ESI) and of the Salesian Fathers and Sisters (REDE SALESINA BRASIL DE ESCOLAS), organized a project based on the biography, charisma and spirituality of their founders, a proposal of work with the students. This article is the result of the systematization of these proposals organized from 2016, with the aim of demonstrating the work carried out from documents produced by these groups.

Mapping Gender Educational Policies in STEM Areas in the Context of the New Brazilian High School Education

This text presents an ongoing research that relates the policy mapping activity aimed at promoting gender-related issues in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) conducted by the ELLAS research network (Equality in Leadership for Latin American STEM) to the Brazilian New High School policy. Through document analysis related to the policy, it is possible to identify indications of the gender demand in STEM within the national policy, stemming from the loan agreement with the World Bank.

THE TEACHING PROCESS IN TIMES OF COVID-19: BETWEEN THE POSSIBLE AND THE IDEALIZED

This article aims to study the development of so-called remote teaching during the closure of Brazilian schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a research approach was chosen mixed in a convergent way through a case study of the municipal system of Petropolis education. The main objective of the research is to evaluate the existence (or not) of pedagogical theories, such as new school, technician, or socio-critical pedagogy, that have supported the different pedagogical practices carried out during the school closing period. Through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, conducting a qualitative study on the topic was possible using Content analysis. It is concluded that the adaptation to remote teaching was made suddenly without preparing teachers, students, managers, and families. Little was reflected about existing pedagogical theories to improve the effectiveness of Education during the school closure period.

CULTURAL BILINGUALISM AND LANGUAGES IN CONTACT IN TEXT PRODUCTION: EXPLAINING THE CASE OF PERMANENT INTERFERENCES IN WRITTEN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

A critical review of the nature of Education as a universal right in peripheral societies, based on the analysis of the social and cultural circumstances that permeate the learning experience of the written Portuguese language in Brazilian schools. The concept of cultural bilingualism is defended as necessary in facing the demand for subjectivation of the universal right to Education, supported by facts of written production among school subjects. It also justifies the overcoming of the classic concepts of bilingualism, listed exclusively from grammatical-functional aspects or issues of use that are restricted to linguistic facts. Situations of tension stand out in the contact between oral and written Portuguese of Brazil - symbolically considered the Brazilian national language - whose origin goes back to historical-cultural aspects that acted in the process of the implantation of the Portuguese Language in Brazilian territory. Derived from such aspects, there are situations of languages in contact that can only be properly explained by the concept of cultural bilingualism. Keywords: cultural bilingualism, linguistic rights, mother tongue teaching, public education policies, teacher training

School youth and sexuality: between paths and mishaps for sex education in the Brazilian school context

Purpose: This article aims to analyze whether and how Brazilian school youths have access to the topic of sexuality, seeking to identify the main approaches adopted and difficulties with regard to sex education. Research Methods/Approach: A qualitative approach was chosen, grounded in a bibliographic review with a descriptive-exploratory character. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used, involving data coding and categorization process. The research results were presented in the form of a narrative synthesis. Findings: It was observed that school youths have different ways of accessing and discussing sexuality. In some studies, young people are presented as active subjects in the construction of their knowledge on the subject and the school is seen as an important space for dialogue and the exchange of information. Conversely, other studies indicate that youths often encounter challenges in openly and candidly addressing sexuality, whether due to lack of opportunities within schools or due to cultural and religious factors. Implications: The examined studies underline the necessity of adopting a comprehensive and integrated approach to sexual education, encompassing not only biological and physiological aspects but also cultural, social, and emotional dimensions. The importance of promoting sex education that respects gender diversity and sexual orientation is also highlighted. It was also possible to identify some factors that influence the approach to sexuality at school, such as teacher training and the cultural values ​​present in the society in which the school is inserted.

Body composition profile of Brazilian national circus school students

Problem Statement. Professional education in circus has been increasing worldwide, placing the training programmes at the center of circus debate. Purpose. Concerning the physical demands of circus students, this research describes the body composition of Brazilian National Circus School students. Approach. Skinfold analyses was used to estimate body fat (%), fat free mass (kg) and body mass index (kg/m-2) in 57 students (n= 30 men, n= 27 women). Results. Men presented higher body weight, height, fat free mass (men 67.2 ± 7.0 kg and 45.7 ± 4.7 kg and for women), body mass index (men 24.1 ±1.6 kg/m2 and women 21.4 ± 2.0 kg/m2) and lower body fat (%) compared to women (men 7.2 ± 3.7 % and women 16.3 ± 3.7). The reassessment showed no differences in body composition for both sexes, a large heterogeneity of interindividual responses was observed (-3.9 to 4.0 for women; -1.5 to 6,5 men). Conclusions. The body fat and body mass index are similar to high performance athletes. No difference was observed between the assessments. The interindividual response to training showed no effect on body fat. However, the interindividual heterogeneity responses suggest adjustments of physical conditioning protocol in order to optimize the responses individually. The 7 or 3 skinfold protocol did not differ on the outcomes. Body composition of circus students’ needs to take into account the circus disciplines, age and biological diversity, and it is a key aspect to monitor training to avoid unsafe situations or unhealthy status. Keywords: performing arts; anthropometry; body mass; physical training.

A proposal for effective promotion of the rational use of water in school buildings

The implementation of actions and practices in schools must be considered a priority in the establishment of strategies to promote the rational use of water, mainly in urban areas. The steps of a proposal for effective promotional of the rational use of water in school buildings were defined identifying key factors summarized in a conceptual map and the systematization of water management indicators. Afterwards, these steps were validated by consulting 524 Brazilian school administrators and community members through the application of a standardized semi-structured questionnaire containing 40 questions. The results showed that the continuous monitoring on a daily basis and the sharing of water consumption in schools is the starting point to reinforce the positive perception and willingness to adopt practices that contribute to the rational use of water. Right after the implementation of step 1 actions and water consumption decreased in 68% of the cases. Despite users' behavior and constructive characteristics of school buildings being very diverse worldwide, it is expected that the adoption of some steps or at least actions proposed by the program can effectively contribute to the balance of the urban water cycle.