Brazilian History Research Articles

Brazil: A Biography

Brazil: A Biography

South–South Relations in the Era of Far-Right Populism: The Syrian Refugee Crisis on Brazilian Television

Abstract From the perspective of South–South relations, the dramatic shift in Brazilian politics from Leftist to far-Right governments since 2003 has echoed in popular culture as a national identity crisis. At a time when nationalism and xenophobia are fueled by political rhetoric and a prolonged economic downturn, television melodrama Órfãos da terra (Orphans of the Earth, 2019) depicts the plight of Syrian refugees in Brazil, explaining the humanitarian dimension of the crisis and appealing to the public's moral and religious sentiments. The telenovela also invokes Brazil's history as an immigrant country and the idea of mistura (mixture) as its defining trait. In this way, the telenovela engages in a contest over Brazilian identity by promoting a progressive alternative to the resurgent far-Right ideology. But this alternative betrays a deep-seated Islamophobia that paradoxically brings it closer to its ideological antagonist. An Islamophobic rejection of xenophobia, Órfãos da terra trades the South–South solidarity of the Lula-Dilma era (2003–2016) for a nationalist myth of exceptionalism, in parallel with Bolsonaro's strong U.S. orientation.

Brazilian Military History: Perspectives on History Writing

The article aims to present historiographical perspectives for Military History theory. For this, the researchers had access to specialized bibliography to contextualize classics of the three strands, analyzing how history is written from the 19th century to contemporary times. The Traditional, Marxist, and New History currents, concomitant with examples described in works in Military History, received decisive contributions to professional improvement in scientific activity throughout this period. In this way, it provides young researchers with the opportunity to innovate and find new information to deepen the historical knowledge of Military History issues: leaders, institutions, mentality, and values.

THE REFORM OF THE BRAZILIAN ANTI-DUMPING REGIME: A PARTIAL REVIEW OF THE DETERMINANTS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF DECREE 8,058/2013

This study considers the development and reform of the anti-dumping regime in Brazil as a ratification example of the multilateral trading system proposed by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Brazil's history of leadership in the WTO Rounds, as well as its emergence among users of temporary barriers illustrates the fact that developing countries participate, with some success, in the endorsement and strengthening of the multilateral system itself. Using the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA) as a model for its own regulatory framework, this practice ensures that domestic legislation will have greater compliance to international obligations and avoid constraints via the Dispute Settlement Body. Finally, the case of Decree 8,058/2013 highlighted the importance that specialized agents in the middle management of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC) have in the management and improvement of the Brazilian public policy.

A great convergence: The American frontier and the origins of Japanese migration to Brazil

AbstractThis article explains how the US westward expansion influenced and stimulated Japanese migration to Brazil. Emerging in the nineteenth century as expanding powers in East Asia and Latin America, respectively, both Meiji Japan and post-independence Brazil looked to the US westward expansion as a central reference for their own processes of settler colonialism. The convergence of Japan and Brazil in their imitation of US settler colonialism eventually brought the two sides together at the turn of the twentieth century to negotiate for the start of Japanese migration to Brazil. This article challenges the current understanding of Japanese migration to Brazil, conventionally regarded as a topic of Latin American ethnic studies, by placing it in the context of settler colonialism in both Japanese and Brazilian histories. The study also explores the shared experiences of East Asia and Latin America as they felt the global impact of the American westward expansion.

Educational practices and knowledge constituted in the political training processes of black activists: a literature review

This text undertakes a bibliographic survey of academic discussions involving the trajectories of black women activists. Historically, black women have challenged institutional powers, facing racism and sexism, while oppressions crystallized in society. One of the strategies to face oppression is the movement of black women, in the form of organizations that fight within an intersectional perspective. We understand that Black Feminism plays a leading role in the action of educating, highlighting its pedagogical role in the dissemination of knowledge, in addition to its political role throughout Brazilian history. Black feminism highlights the specificity of the feminine that aggregates struggles and processes experienced by black women. We hope, with this text, to present reflections that problematize black women's movements, showing the complexity of concepts related to educational practices and knowledge constituted in political formation processes of black women activists, based on research registered in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of CAPES.

The road to Porongos:

The Porongos defeat over the secessionist rebels on November 14, 1844, militarily and politically solidified the barão de Caxias’ coming victory, which would end the longest rebellion in Brazilian history, the Farroupilha, 1835-1845. Most of the encounters to come were small, mopping-up and surveillance actions, except for one, at Arroio Grande, just two weeks after Porongos. Suspiciously, the targets of both these assaults were the libertos, slaves the rebels had seized from their provincial loyalist neighbors, and whom they armed and ostensibly freed. Before Porongos, Caxias and the farrapo general Canabarro had arrived at the same conclusion: in order to have peace, conciliation, and a return to Imperial order, the rebels needed proof that their cause was lost. The best and most convenient solution led Caxias and Canabarro to use Black losses to show the war was no longer winnable, and to defang them as a future menace. When Canabarro assembled what was the last great rebel army on the Cerro do Porongos, liberto soldiers comprised its very core. On that November morning, approximately 35% of Canabarro’s troops were either killed, wounded, or captured. Nearly all those who died or were taken prisoner came from the ranks of the liberto infantry. If the many mysteries swirling around Porongos were stripped away, what would emerge and converge at Porongos were two historical shadows still coursing through the borderlands, hatianismo and artiguismo. These were neither doctrines nor unique to the borderlands, yet together they advised both rebel and Imperial policy, and were implicit in the immediacies of decision-making which determined the libertos’ fate.

Personal Evangelism or Social Reform? The Challenge to Brazilian Presbyterianism in the Nineteenth Century

This article analyses how Presbyterian missionaries and the early pastors in Brazil answered the call to help lead the country to material progress. In terms of organization, it follows the chronological order of a scheme traditional among historians of Presbyterianism in Brazil: beginning, consolidation, and dissent. It begins with the antecedents and mostly the work of the pioneer James Cooley Fletcher. While some leaders wanted to help Brazil develop as a nation, most workers in the early Presbyterian Church had a more conservative approach. They were not necessarily antagonistic to the material progress the gospel could bring but favored personal evangelism as their main goal. Debates on this issue would mark the early denomination, especially in its dissent phase. KEYWORDS: Ashbel Green Simonton, James Cooley Fletcher, Brazilian history, missionary history, missions to Brazil, evangelism, social work

Remembering the coup, celebrating the revolution: securitization of memory and mnemonical disputes in Brazil

ABSTRACT Led by the Armed Forces, the 1964 coup inaugurated a dark time in Brazil, with suspension of political rights, censorship, and human rights violations in the context of the Cold War. Although the 2011 National Truth Commission was able to produce a report on the human rights violations, it seems many Brazilians prefer to forget the years of lead. While the military regime remains a scar in Brazil's history, the 2018 election of Jair Bolsonaro, a retired Army Captain who had previously called the military regime a glorious period, has produced a cabinet mostly occupied by retired military officers who do not feel they should be apologetic towards the coup. The aim of this article is to highlight the dynamics of an on-going mnemonic war over the very meaning of 1964 as a historical event of political rupture in Brazil, which points to the securitization of memory in Bolsonaro's regime.

Brazil’s Historians in North America, 1980-2019: A Survey of Their Careers

This article examines the professional careers of the 290 historians who received doctorates in Brazilian history from universities in Canada and the United States between 1980 and 2019. It is a follow-up to a 1990 study by Roderick J. Barman on North American historians of Brazil from 1950 to 1987. While the 1980s were a nadir for the field, historians of Brazil enjoyed unexpectedly good academic career outcomes in the 1990s and early 2000s; they continued to do well in the academic job market, while many of their dissertations were published. The data also reveal some enduring patterns when it comes to the chronological periods and geographical areas on which these historians focus, as well as the rising interest in post-1945 history. The proportion of women winning doctorates has stabilized at levels slightly higher than that of the profession as a whole; however, some small but troubling gender inequities persist.

A “arte da malandragem" entre a farsa e a tragédia - uma narrativa dramática de longa duração

A obra literária não é uma fala sobre a realidade mas um modo de falar a sociedade. Com base nessa premissa etnográfica, o texto explora a relação simbólica da literatura com alguns momentos da história cultural e política brasileira desde o Império. O objetivo é analisar a mudança de significado da malandragem ao longo do tempo destacando suas aproximações e diferenças com outras categorias do imaginário cultural e político brasileiro como o favor, o jeitinho, a corrupção, que embora vistos com desconfiança e descredito hoje, ainda assim revelam de forma densa e critica aspectos significativos da realidade contemporânea. Assim a “arte da malandragem”, entendida como um conjunto de representações e práticas simbólicas, constitui uma narrativa de longa duração na qual se revela o drama de uma sociedade cuja história oscila entre a farsa e a tragédia.

O BRASIL DA NOTA À MANCHETE

This review aims at a brief presentation of the narrative focus of the work “Essa Republica vale uma nota: Historias do Brasil na visao de um impagavel colunista de jornal”, who is the Brazilian homeland in its political nuances. It aims to draw the reader's attention to the fact that the Brazilian History is more than a discipline, it is a sequence of facts and acts that built a modus operandi of political making.

Fundamentação da história da educação brasileira

O objetivo deste estudo é proporcionar o alargamento da concepção de narrativa histórica educacional, nesse caso, do Brasil Colônia, especialmente na transição entre os séculos XVII e XVIII em torno do conceito de gesto pedagógico colonial. Descrevemos este conceito e propomos sua confrontação com a realidade histórica da formação do território brasileiro, especificamente em torno do território mineiro, nas minas do Serro do Frio (Vila do Príncipe, capital da Comarca do Serro do Frio atual cidade do Serro/MG). Para isso, introduzimos a noção de documento como processos para consulta escritos em sagradas letras a fim de dizer os ausentes, responsável pela condução dos procedimentos de controle da Coroa portuguesa de seu reino e de suas colônias, a partir de alguns argumentos de António Manuel Hespanha, em especial dos Regimentos. A metodologia circunscreve-se em torno de pesquisa bibliográfica de documentos arquivísticos portugueses e brasileiros, bem como o diálogo de pensamento com historiadores. O resultado alcançado é a oferta de fundamentação para a narrativa histórica educacional, em especial, para a revelação do papel da educação – formal ou informal – na leitura e escrita da história colonial brasileira.

A Contribuição do Festival É Tudo Verdade ao Cânone do Documentário Brasileiro

O presente artigo integra um conjunto de pesquisas que têm repensado o lugar dos festivais na cultura cinematográfica. Nossa análise se volta para o É Tudo Verdade – Festival Internacional de Documentários, propondo um debate sobre o cânone cinematográfico mobilizado pelo evento. Dirigimos especial atenção às mostras retrospectivas do documentário brasileiro e às publicações apoiadas pelo festival. Buscamos, ainda, colocar as propostas do evento em diálogo com outras leituras do cânone elaboradas por festivais brasileiros de filme documentário. Esperamos, assim, oferecer uma contribuição inicial para um debate sobre os festivais audiovisuais e a história do cinema brasileiro.

The Poor Need Money-Rethinking Poverty in Brazil's Post-Military Dictatorship

This paper assesses how a change in governmental discourse on poverty after Brazil's return to democracy in 1985 was instrumental to the implementation of the first federal cash-transfer program in Brazilian history, Bolsa Escola 2001. It argues that the end of the military dictatorship prompted the political elite to be responsive to calls for greater civic engagement from marginalized sectors of the Brazilian society that had awakened during the democratic transition, thus demanding that these actors address poverty in novel forms. Rather than reducing the implementation of cash-transfer programs to a top-down policy that came to fruition as a cognitive change within the federal government, this article maintains that the shifting social, economic, and political settings brought about by the end of the authoritarian regime played an important part in the debates addressing poverty in Brazilian society, and, as a consequence, were conducive to the idea of giving money to the poor.

Slavery Unseen: Sex, Power, and Violence in Brazilian History by Lamonte Aidoo

Slavery Unseen: Sex, Power, and Violence in Brazilian History by Lamonte Aidoo

JUVENTUDES, EDUCAÇÃO E MERCADO DE TRABALHO: UM ENSAIO TEÓRICO

This theoretical essay discusses youth, education and work in the contemporary Brazilian context. It consisted of a qualitative approach, produced through bibliographic research and documentary analysis involving authors such as Dayrell (2003), Guarnieri and Melo-Silva (2010), Martins and Carrano (2011), Moura (2013), Jardim e Almeida (2016), Silva and Silva (2015), among others. The corpus of theoretical and documentary analysis involved publications in journals, academic papers and official documents that address the theme. The intention is to broaden the reflection about the role attributed to youth throughout Brazilian history and how they gain access to higher education. As repercussions, it is noteworthy that, although there was an expansion of vacancies in existing universities, with the opening of new universities and the creation of the Federal Network for Professional, Scientific and Technological Education (RFEPCT), also attending to education higher education, Brazil still faces problems to guarantee the access, the permanence and the success of young people of the less privileged classes in the superior education.

O silêncio como resistência emPonciá Vicênciode Conceição Evaristo

Abstract This essay examines the use of silence as a symbolic, thematic, and stylistic tool employed by Afro-Brazilian writer Conceição Evaristo in Ponciá Vicêncio (2003), within the larger context of the literature written by black women. Focusing on Ponciá, a sculptor who is evasive and emotionally absent, the novel presents narrative gaps and ruptures that foreground silence. Building on theoretical works that examine the role of silence in subaltern discourse, this essay demonstrates how Evaristo transforms silence into an empowering tool that highlights the systematic erasure of black female subjectivity from Brazilian history and literature. In Ponciá Vicêncio, Evaristo makes use of silence to denounce the adverse living conditions of Afro-Brazilians, more specifically their daily, albeit often invisible, reality of exploitation, injustice, and resistance.

Tradução como (i)migração: Adrien Delpech, um dos primeiros tradutores de Machado de Assis

O objetivo principal desse artigo é mostrar e dar visibilidade aos agentes intermediários da circulação das obras literárias, e, particularmente, a um tradutor esquecido pela história literária francesa e brasileira, Adrien Delpech. Pretendo, de um lado, teorizar sobre a problemática da tradução enquanto (i)migração, já que é sob o prisma e a partir dessa imagem e visão de mundo que Machado de Assis foi inicialmente traduzido em francês. De outro lado, faço um breve histórico sincrônico e diacrônico das primeiras traduções dos contos e romances do Machado no mundo para todas as línguas e culturas. E, finalmente, analiso o perfil de Adrien Delpech, um dos primeiros tradutores de Machado, responsável pela divulgação do autor não somente no sistema literário francês, mas também nos outros sistemas culturais-literários.

O crime da Galeria de Cristal, de Boris Fausto: um estudo sobre intermídia e sensacionalismo

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o conceito de intermídia no livro O Crime da Galeria de Cristal e os dois crimes da mala: São Paulo, 1908-1928 (2019), do historiador e escritor brasileiro Boris Fausto. Pretende-se apontar e discutir as intersecções e fronteiras midiáticas entre as várias esferas que se entrelaçam na sua escrita, bem como observar o surgimento do sensacionalismo na imprensa brasileira, sobretudo, por meio de faits divers. Para dar suporte a esse estudo, nos baseamos no conceito de intermídia, de Higgins (2007), o qual pode ser visto no livro de Fausto (2019) através da presença de traços de origens múltiplas, como da literatura, jornal, rádio, cinema e teatro, que se conectam por meio do interesse grotesco e sanguinário da sociedade por crimes, principalmente, assassinatos. Embora as três histórias do livro de Fausto (2019) sejam factuais, ambas ocorridas em meados do século XX, em São Paulo, assemelham-se bastante a contos. Essa dificuldade em classificar essa escrita dentro dos moldes de gêneros textuais e literários também vem a ser uma característica da intermídia. Ademais, pela presença de fragmentos tanto imagéticos quanto textuais, pode ser visto como uma escrita de almanaque, segundo Dias (2016). Tudo isso, sob uma atmosfera de suspense que remete às narrativas policiais. Nesse sentido, também nos pautamos em alguns teóricos que discorrem sobre o universo literário policialesco, como Moraes (2019), Pontes (2007), Reimão (2005), Souza (2000), Piglia (1986) e Albuquerque (1979); para refletir as relações de literatura e outras linguagens: Antelo (2000), Brait (2010), Glória (2006) e Longui (2020).