Bottled Drinking Water Research Articles

Sofabotik program assistance as a solution to the accumulation of plastic bottle waste

As the use of plastic grows in both industry and households, it is becoming a more serious environmental issue. Used plastic bottles of bottled drinking water are one source of plastic waste. This activity designed to educate participants about the dangers of plastic waste and equip them with the skills to turn it into useful items. Counseling and training are the methods used. The program was successful in raising partner awareness of the dangers of plastic waste. Partners also know how to deal with plastic bottle waste by turning it into a sofa with economic value. In addition to the financial benefits, this program allows more and more used bottles to be reused, reducing the amount of plastic waste that is dumped into the environment.

RISK MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS WITH FAULT THREE ANALYSIS (FTA) METHOD COMPRESSOR SYSTEM PACKED DRINKING WATER PT. SWABINA GATRA

Occupational safety and health is now starting to be important for the wider community in Indonesia, especially for employees and industrial workers, considering the growing economy and industry as well as general development, the greater the potential for harm caused. Actually this problem can be overcome by applying existing methods such as Fault Three Analysis (FTA). The purpose of this research is to carry out risk management on work equipment system failures as an effort to control work accidents at PT. Swabina Gatra The design of this research is descriptive. Hazard identification in this research uses the (HIRARC) method then the hazard result with the highest value is used as the Top Event in the Fault Three Analysis (FTA) method. The implementation stage of this method is to identify the potential and overcome hazards in the Compressor System Unit for Bottled Drinking Water PT. Swabina Gatra. The results showed that there were 7 cut-sets or causes of failure in the compressor system. The cut-set results obtained by the prevention stage which are enforced are the provision of Earth-Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB) on the electric panel compressor system, Perform periodic pressure vessel calibration tests no later than once every 5 years, Work in accordance with SOPs or work instructions that have been set by the Company , and conduct periodic inspections

Pengaruh Saluran Distribusi, Gaya Hidup dan Kelompok Acuan Terhadap Minat Beli Ulang Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Merek Cleo di Surabaya

Water is a basic element of living things, they cannot survive without water. If we consume less water, it can cause changes in plasma volume thermoregulation, hallucinations, and can even cause death. Meeting the human need for water creates bottled drinking water. With the existing brand competition, companies want to know the aspects that determine buying interest in money. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of distribution channels, lifestyle, and reference groups in the formation of repurchase interest in bottled water with the Cleo brand. This research is a quantitative research. The population of this study is an infinite number of consumers of Cleo brand bottled drinking water in Surabaya. The sample used was 100 respondents with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the three independent variables are proven to have a role to influence consumers when they take action to buy water in the Cleo brand packaging. Distribution channels, lifestyle, and reference groups have a real role in generating repurchase interest

THE ROLE OF BRAND RELIABILITY AND BRAND INTENTION IN MEDIATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND BRAND LOYALTY

This study aims to fill the research gap regarding the role of brand reliability and brand intention in mediating the relationship between overall customer satisfaction on brand loyalty. The research context is on bottled drinking water customers who already know the brand name and have consumed products from the bottled drinking water brand name. The sampling technique used a non-probability sampling approach, namely purposive sampling. The sample size is 120 respondents by following the general rules of factor analysis. The study results revealed that brand intention has an essential role in mediating the effect of overall customer satisfaction on brand loyalty. Unfortunately, there is no data support regarding the mediating role of brand reliability.

Bacteriological Quality of Bottled Drinking Water and Municipal Tap Water in Northeastern Ethiopia

Objective: Water-borne diseases cause high morbidity and mortality in developing countries, like Ethiopia. Diarrheal disease and typhoid are one of the top five diseases that cause significant public health burden and economic cost in Dessie city. Thus, monitoring the quality of drinking water is crucial to prevent waterborne disease. This study aimed to determine the bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water and municipal tap water in Northeastern Ethiopia for proper planning, monitoring, and intervention purpose.Methods: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 248 municipal tap water samples from point of collection (MTPOC), 248 water samples from a household water storage container (HHSC), 38 bottled water samples before packaging from manufacturing facilities (BPMF), and 38 bottle water samples from point of sale (POS) in Dessie city between March 15 to May 15, 2021. Water samples were collected by trained data collectors using a standard sampling protocol. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for data cleaning and analysis. The commonest microbiological parameters, total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were tested using the standard procedure. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean log concentration of E. coli and TC between sampling points and the Tukey post hoc test was also computed to identify statistically significant differences among sample types. The 95% confidence interval [CI] and p < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant.Results: About 15.8 and 36.8% of the samples from BPMF and 26.3 and 55.3% of samples from POS were positive for E. coli and TC respectively while 47.2 and 65.7% of water sample from MTPOC and 48.8 and 98.8% of samples from HHSC were positive for E. coli and TC respectively. The mean log concentration of E. coli from the sample of MTPOC was significantly higher than BPMF. Similarly, water samples from HHSC had significantly higher E. coli and TC concentrations than BPMF and POS. Water samples from HHSC had also a significantly higher prevalence of log concentrations of TC than MTPOC.Conclusion: Most values were beyond maximum tolerable limits recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, good water handling practices and water quality monitoring are essential to prevent bacteriological contamination.

Survival of murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus in bottled drinking water, strawberries, and oysters

The survival of murine norovirus (MNV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in bottled drinking water, strawberries, and oysters stored at different temperatures for various durations was investigated. In drinking water, over 6.4 and 1.6 log 10 plaque-forming units (PFU/mL) reductions of viable MNV and HAV were observed after 20 days of incubation at 35 °C. After 160 days of incubation at 20 °C, there was a sharp decrease in the MNV (>6.4 log 10 PFU/mL) and HAV (>2.9 log 10 PFU/mL) load but only a slight reduction at 4 °C. In fresh strawberry, the MNV and HAV titers reduced by 1.0 and 0.9 log 10 PFU/g after incubation for 2 days at 25 °C, by 0.85 and 1.22 log 10 PFU/g after 3 days of incubation at 15 °C, and by 0.7 and 1.1 log 10 PFU/g after 7 days of incubation at 4 °C, respectively. After 3 days of incubation at 4, 15, and 25 °C in oyster reductions of over 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 log 10 PFU/mL in the MNV load and 0.16, 0.28, and 0.52 log 10 PFU/mL in the HAV load were observed, respectively. Even though, survival of the two viruses fluctuated with temperature and food commodity. Therefore, our results indicate that major enteric foodborne viruses such as MNV and HAV can survive for long periods, with only a partial reduction in their titers. Owing to the persistence of foodborne viruses, preventive measures need to be taken to prevent food contamination. • MNV and HAV survival in drinking water, strawberries, and oysters was investigated. • MNV and HAV survivability varies with temperature and food type. • Enteric foodborne viruses can persist for a long time at 4 °C. • Study results could lay the foundation for the development of food hazard assessment models.

Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Parameters of Bottled Drinking Water Marketed in Gilgit City and its Vicinity

This study analyzed physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of packaged water sold in Gilgit city and its vicinity. Samples from source, market, and after the process were collected randomly from three different companies and analyzed from April 2017 to May 2017. Bacteriological parameters include Escherichia coli and Enterococci; it was further examined with conformity tests. The investigated physical parameters included (pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids). Some important chemical parameters like Total phosphorous and Total Nitrogen were assessed through a spectrophotometer. The results revealed that the Physicochemical parameters fell within WHO tolerable limits, pH ranged from 7.0 to 8.4, TDS were observed from 260 ppm to 40 ppm, Electrical conductivity was found between 91 μs-510 μs, Turbidity varied from 0.03 NTU to 0.52 NTU. The Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus range from 0.09 mg/L to 2.09 mg/L and 95 mg/L to 540 mg/L. The bacteriological parameters were unsatisfactory as some of the samples were contaminated with the E. coli and Enterococci. The maximum value for E. coli was 288 CFU/100 ml, and that of the Enterococci was 267 CFU/100 ml, which strongly violates the WHO specifications for bottled drinking water quality. Based on our findings, the Bacteriological examination of some samples is classified under the high-risk category since they are found to be unsafe for drinking. It is recommended there should be strict monitoring and surveillance of bottled water quality; sources should be protected, and awareness should be given to the public regarding its quality.

Potentially toxic element contamination of drinking water consumed in Cappadocia region (Turkey) and health risk assessment

ABSTRACT In this study, the concentrations of anions and potentially toxic elements in thirty-four drinking water samples consumed in the Nevşehir province located in the Cappadocia region were determined to assess their chemical quality for human consumption using an ion chromatography system and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The average concentrations of Cl, F, NO3, and SO4 2 analysed in tap and bottled drinking water samples were found as 19,485, 521, 31,840 and 34,456 μg L−1 and 2290, 35, 2631 and 5242, μg L−1, respectively. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Co, Sr, Hg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn analysed in tap water samples were found as 5.2, 2.4, 2.4, 429.0, 1.7, 12.7, 94.7, 1.7, 1.3 and 199.5 μg L−1, respectively. The chemical analysis results obtained were compared with permissible maximum concentrations set by the national and international regulations. The Pb concentrations analysed in two tap water samples are above the maximum concentration of 10 µg L−1. The Hg concentrations analysed in 54% and 62% of tap and bottled drinking water samples are above the maximum concentration of 1 µg L−1, respectively. Also, average daily dose (ADD), health quotient (HQ), and cancer risk index (CRI) were estimated for adults to assess the health hazards caused by potentially toxic elements in drinking water samples. The HQ values estimated for selected potentially toxic elements are below the risk limit of 1 and there is no significant non–carcinogenic risk to the exposed adults. The average values of CRI estimated for As in three tap water samples and Cd in tap and bottled water samples exceeded the safe index range and these elements can pose a significant carcinogenic risk to the exposed adults.

Bromate concentrations and pH values in bottled drinking water in Kuwait.

The study objectives were to assess bromate concentrations in bottled drinking water sold at retail in Kuwait and assess pH values relationship to bromate concentrations. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 where 120 bottled water samples were collected from supermarkets across six governorates in Kuwait. Samples represented local brands that used distilled or mineral water as well as imported brands that used mineral water only. The samples were analyzed for bromate concentrations and pH values. The overall mean bromate concentration was 4.02µg/L (95% CI: 3.35-4.69) with concentration of 4.45µg/L in locally distilled water significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in imported mineral water samples (i.e., 1.34µg/L). The overall bromate percent positive was 41.7% (n = 120) with 35.8% in locally distilled samples, significantly higher than that in imported mineral samples (5.8%). None of the local mineral bottled water samples had detectable bromate. Bromate concentrations in our samples were within the international allowable limits of less than 10µg bromate/L (except for one local distilled sample that contained 14.9µg bromate/L). The mean pH value was 7.39 (95% CI: 7.33-7.45). There was no significant relationship between pH values and bromate concentrations in our samples. Our findings proved that local and imported bottled water sold at retail in Kuwait was bromate safe.

Implementation of the Distribution Requirement Planning Method in Optimizing the Distribution of Packaged Drinking Water Products

CV Athaya Mineral is an industry that runs its business in the production and distribution of bottled drinking water. At the time of distribution of its products, errors often occur, namely the interpretation of demand data in each distribution chain and information received. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal lotting technique for the distribution of these products using the Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP) method. From the results of data processing, the retail value of Kede Osa was obtained with a total cost of Rp. 233.696, New Store retail with an amount of Rp. 417,336, retail Ari JP Rp. 99,727, Simpang Remi retail Rp. 165,140, retail Mita Jaya Rp. 619,981. The conclusion of this study is the distribution of the Distribution Requirement Planning method for all Dance products (Glass, Small Bottles, Medium Bottles, and Gallons) to five retailers (Kede Osa, Toko Baru, Ari JP, Simpang Remi, and Mita Jaya) using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a lotting technique with the cheapest distribution costs, except for New Store retailers using the Lot For Lot (LFL) lotting technique.

Investigation of the Bacterial Contamination and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Bottled Drinking Water.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality in some domestic bottled waters marketed in Al Anbar Province of Iraq. In total, 120 samples were collected from 20 different domestic bottled water companies. The current study findings demonstrated that the positive total bacterial count for aerobic bacteria was 20 CFU/ml (16.6%) out of 120 samples. From 120 tested samples, coliform bacteria had a much lower count of 13 CFU/ml (10.8%). The bacteriological analysis tests of this study showed that the brand bottled water of Alhilwa had the highest mean of total bacterial count at 485 CFU/ml, followed by Alwafi and Araco, which found at mean of 283 and 196 CFU/ml, respectively. The other brands of bottled waters included Sawa and Izmir, which had given lower mean of bacterial count at 87 and 58 CFU/ml, respectively, while all other tested brands of bottled waters had zero content of total bacterial count. According to the biomedical tests and Vitek2 system employed for this study, the isolated bacterial species as contaminants in bottled waters were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to all tested antibiotics, but the Escherichia coli was resistance to amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftazidime, and cefixime. The Klebsiella pneumonia demonstrated sensitivity to all tested antibiotics except the cefixime. Therefore, antibiotics belonging to the types of penicillin, carbapenem, and quinolones can be considered the best medicine for treating infections caused by the bacteria diagnosed in this study. In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that some domestic bottled waters sold in markets and shops in Al Anbar Province have bacteriological contents that are within permitted ranges for Iraqi and WHO standards.IMPORTANCE Researchers analyzed how lifestyle factors affect the overall health of people with bacterial infections from the water. The article describes significance of the research because many people do not have access to clean, safe drinking water where this water is essential to life, and many die of waterborne bacterial infections. So, the purpose of the article is to draw attention to the major factors of the most dangerous bacteria transmitted through water marketed in Al Anbar Province of Iraq: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, our specific significant contribution has been to show the most important treatments for treating infections caused by the bacteria diagnosed in this study.

PENGARUH CITRA MEREK, KESADARAN MEREK, DAN PEMASARAN DIGITAL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN AMDK AQUA

There are a number of bottled drinking water (AMDK) brands in the market, AQUA as a pioneer of AMDK has succeeded in becoming the market leader in the industry. This raises interest in analyzing the factors that drive AQUA to become AMDK market leader in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image, brand awareness, and digital marketing on consumer’s decision to purchase AQUA in Denpasar. The population in this study is Denpasar citizens who have ever consumed bottled drinking water. The sample used was 100 people. Data was collected using survey method with a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis technique was used to test the effect of independent variable on dependent variable. This study found that brand image and digital marketing have a positive and significant impact on purchase decision, but brand awareness has a positive and insignificant impact on purchase decision. To improve brand image, AQUA needs to have a distinctive character, unique and superior to its competitors. To improve the performance of the digital marketing aspect, AQUA needs to develop marketing in digital media, such as in its official website, social media, search engine, and implement affiliate marketing.

A sensitive approach for screening acetylcholinesterase inhibition of water samples using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive assay was developed to evaluate inhibitory effects of aqueous solution on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity via measuring hydrolysis rates of acetylcholine (ACh) based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Upon having identified precursor ions and product ions of the ACh and its hydrolysis products choline (Ch), the separation chromatogram for these two analytes has been established using a 50 mm reverse-phase BEH Shield RP18 column. The total chromatographic separation time is 7 min; limits of detection (LODs) for ACh and Ch are 0.14 µg L−1 and 0.12 µg L−1, respectively. A simple method for inactivation of AChE and optimization of operational parameters were then sequentially performed. It was found that adjusting solution pH to 2.5 not only can terminate the enzymatic reaction but also solve band shifting and broadening caused by aqueous matrices in chromatographic separation during UPLC-MS/MS detection. Under conditions of 0.00075 U mL−1 AChE, initial concentration of ACh at 100 µg L−1 and 20 min observation time, IC50 values of the proposed assay for chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon, methidathion oxon, omethoate and paraoxon were 3.5 nM, 16.8 nM, 2.4 nM, 6.8 nM, 270 nM and 36.9 nM, respectively. They are 4.5–51.9 times smaller than those reported in a LC-MS based method, and >120 times lower than those obtained by the traditional Ellman method. The results suggested that, the proposed assay significantly increases the sensitivity of commercial AChE. In addition, inhibition efficiencies of three surface waters, a groundwater and four commercial brands of bottled drinking water samples on AChE activity were firstly measured using this UPLC-MS/MS based method. These water samples were proved to have different inhibitory effects on AChE activity, and the inhibition efficiencies dependent on concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) but are independent of UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) values. These results indicate that the proposed method has advantages of high sensitivity over all other conventional methods. It may become a promising AChE inhibition assay for assessing toxicity of aqueous solution containing neurotoxicity contaminants such as organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) at low levels, or used to evaluate potential inhibition effects of natural waters on AChE activity.

Assistance of BUMDes Tirta Kamulyan Kangen Water in Bangunjiwo Village, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta

The purpose of this activity is to increase the income of BUMDes through the Tirta Kamulyan bottled water business, which is one of the BUMDes Bangunjiwo business units. Problems in the production sector, namely the absence of a filter to filter ready-to-drink water and an unhygienic pouring process; while for the marketing field is the lack of ability of managers to market products online, besides that the packaging used is not attractive. The methods used are: 1) Procurement and training on the use of bottled drinking water filters, 2) Lectures on health protocol socialization for BUMDes managers and youth organizations, 3) Training and assistance in making product packaging labels, online product marketing, and making blocks and social media for youth groups. From the service activities, activities were held in the form of: 1) Procurement of water filters and training on the use of water filters, 2) Socialization of the Covid-19 health protocol for BUMDes managers and youth organizations, installing Covid-19 protocol banners around BUMDes, providing health protocol tools, 3) Training and assistance in the manufacture of product packaging labels, 4) Training and assistance in online product marketing; and 5) Training and assistance in making blocks and social media for youth organizations. All activities were completed and were successful, after the service program, sales of Tirta Kamulyan Kangen Water products increased by 20%.

Comparative Study of Zamzam, Bottled Drinking and Distilled Waters by a Novel Computer Simulation Speckle Photography Method Using Fourier Transform

The refractive index of a liquid medium is an important optical parameter since it exhibits the optical properties of the liquid. Its values are often required to interpret various types of spectroscopic data. The intensity distribution and contrast of image speckle patterns obtained for Zamzam, bottled drinking and distilled waters are investigated on a computer as a function of six discrete wavelengths across the visible spectrum. The present novel computer simulation speckle photography using Fourier transform study and the new theoretical background have been confirmed with previous experimental results. Uncertainty of refractive index measurements was studied on a wide range of discrete wavelengths using the computer simulation and the new theoretical formulae.

Brand personality factors affecting purchasing decision for bottled drinking water in Bangkok and Bangkok peripheral area: Supervised machine learning approach

Brand personality factors affecting purchasing decision for bottled drinking water in Bangkok and Bangkok peripheral area: Supervised machine learning approach

Utilization of drinking water bottle waste as a sustainable and low-cost membrane material in water purification

The rapid development of membrane technology in various applications requires new membrane materials to achieve good separation performance. Materials in great demand are low in cost, easy to prepare, sustainable, and have good separation performance. In addition, consideration of environmental aspects is also crucial in the selection of membrane materials. On the other hand, plastic bottle waste, which increases every year (381.73 million tons), has the property of forming films or thin layers. Therefore, plastic bottle waste as a low-cost, sustainable, and “green” membrane material has great potential. The membrane from PET plastic bottle waste (PET-B membrane) was prepared using the immersion-precipitation phase inversion technique. Modification of the membrane is done by adding LiCl as an additive. Furthermore, the fabricated membranes were tested for their performance in water purification. The results showed that the PET-B membrane had a porosity of 74.8%. The addition of LiCl can increase the porosity of the PET-B membrane to 81.4%. The addition of LiCl caused an increase in flux to 3 times (65.30 Lm-2h-1bar−1 to 171.1 Lm-2h-1bar−1) and an increase in rejection from 64.46% to 99.45%.

OPTIMASI BIAYA DISTRIBUSI AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA ANT COLONY SYSTEM (Studi Kasus : PT. Tirta Investama Cibinong)

Aqua is a brand of bottled drinking water produced by PT Aqua Golden Mississippi Tbk. The products produced by PT Aqua Golden Mississippi Tbk are distributed by PT Tirta Investama Cibinong. PT Tirta Investama Cibinong distributed the 15 stores spread across several areas, the distribution of the 15 existing stores could be done by various routes. In its distribution activities, the company does not yet have an optimal route, so the most optimal route is needed so that the costs incurred are minimum. Ant Colony System Algorithm is a method that aims to find the best path in a distribution problem, based on the behavior of ants. The purpose of this study is to obtain the minimum cost in delivering bottled drinking water to several areas using the Ant Colony System Algorithm so as to meet the demand for mineral water in the area. The data used is shipping costs between stores in 2018. It is certain that the Ant Colony System Algorithm obtains the optimal path from Cibinong Depot, Indomaret Cibedug, Alfamidi Gadog, PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya TBK, Pujasari, PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Lion Superindo Town Square, TipTop Depok, Indomaret Happiness Raya, Lion Superindo Depok, Lion Superindo Cibubur, DC Starmart, Pajajaran gas station, Circle K Sudirman Bogor, Wholesale Lotte Bogor and finally back to Depo Cibinong with shipping costs of Rp. 244,420. Keywords: Ants, Ant Colony System, Traveling Salesman Problem

A monthly evaluation of microbiological and chemical quality of bottled drinking water

Use of bottled water has flourished in Sri Lanka, owing to its high demand, however, the quality of commercially available bottled drinking water is questionable. The objective of the current study was to assess the monthly variation of microbiological and chemical quality of bottled water. Three brands were selected, twenty-four bottles of each brand were collected for analysis. Microbiological and chemical analysis were carried out monthly. Though the shelf life of bottled drinking water is one year, the experiment was terminated in eight months as bacterial counts showed a steady decline with time as follows. The results indicated that Total Coliform [TC], Fecal Coliform [FC] and Heterotrophic Plate Count [HPC] bacteria decreased throughout the shelf life. There were significant differences in TC (P&lt;0.05) and FC (P&lt;0.01) between microorganisms initially present and after eight months of storage. Even though SLSI permitted levels for presumptive TC is less than zero cfu per 100ml, the average count of TC was 139 cfu per 100 ml at the end of the first month. According to national and international standards, the FC count should be zero per 100 ml for drinking water. However, at the first month some bottled water samples exceeded this limit for presumptive FC, with an average count of 32.5 cfu per 100 ml. For HPC bacteria, only one brand exceeded the WHO guidelines (50 cfu/ml). No algal species were detected. Fungal colonies showed a reduction in number over an eight-month duration. <em>Penicillium </em>sp. and <em>Aspergillus </em>sp. were dominant. Chemical parameters were within the permitted levels, except hardness in water samples. The result of this study reveals that the bottled water industry needs to be monitored closely and continuously by relevant authorities, intending to provide safe bottled water to the public.

Green Preparation of Aluminum-based Metal-organic Framework (Al-MOF) from Waste Plastic Bottles and Waste Aluminum Scraps

The vast use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) drinking water bottles has increased dramatically worldwide in recent decades, inflicting severe consequences on the environment. According to the latest survey, a million plastic bottles are bought around the globe every minute. The non-biodegradable nature of PET materials has led to a huge accumulation of plastic in waste landfills. Among the current recycling methods used to solve this environmental problem is chemical recycling. In this method, PET bottles are converted back cleanly into their starting materials: terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. This paper unveils the exploitation of recycling products from PET bottles and aluminium scraps in order to prepare a metal-organic framework (MOF) material. The characterization of the prepared MOF substance was carried out using different techniques such as IR, XRD, SEM and elemental analysis.