Bottled Drinking Water Research Articles

Kualitas Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (Amdk) Merek Aqua

This study aims to determine the instrument validity of product quality and price on purchasing decisions for bottled drinking water (AMDK) brand Aqua. The price and quality of Aqua drinking water have a close relationship. Consumers need to consider various factors, such as water quality, packaging, service, personal needs, and available promos, before buying Aqua. So this makes researchers interested in doing this research. The method in this study uses quantitative scientific methods by applying ex post facto, which has independent variables (variables that influence) and dependent variables (variables that are influenced), with the population in this study being 74 students in Surabaya. Data collection in the study used a questionnaire which was then tested for validity using SPSS. The results in this study use a validity test at a significant level of 5%, resulting in 9 valid statement items and 1 statement said to be invalid for the product quality variable (X1) and price (X2) because r-count> must be greater than < r-table and there are 4 valid statement items and 1 invalid statement item for the Aqua bottled water purchase decision variable (Y) because r-count> must be greater than < r-table.

Ultra-trace analysis of chromium ions (Cr3+/Cr6+) in water sample using selective fluorescence turn-off sensor with natural carbon dots mixed graphene quantum dots nanohybrid composite synthesis by pyrolysis

This study was aimed to implement the one-pot pyrolysis for hybrid nanomaterial synthesis consisting of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) from solid citric acid and carbon dots (CDs) which was hydrothermally derived from the herbal plant extract of “Houttuynia cordata”, denoted as Carbon Dots mixed Graphene Quantum Dots (CDs@GQDs). The nanohybrid were structurally characterized by XPS, FT-IR, Fluorescence, and UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, and their morphological images were also analyzed by HR-TEM and FE-SEM/EDX. The quantum yield was found to be 15 %, higher than that of intact CDs or GQDs. Upon excitation at a maximum wavelength of 355 nm, and emission in the 450 nm. In this case, it was observed that the nanohybrid exhibit a high degree of selectivity towards Cr6+ ion when employed as a fluorescence quenching sensor from screening test with different metal ions. Therefore, the optimization conditions of solution pH, concentration of nanohybrid, H2O2 concentration as an oxidizing agent, reaction duration time with the aid of ultrasonication were carried out in details and the permissible limit of Cr3+ presence in the target analyte was all undertaken in order to enhance the detection of Cr6+ species. Its linear calibration curve was such y = 0.37x + 55.7, with a coefficient of determination (r2) value of 0.9816. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 17.2 nM, and 52.2 nM. Consequently, the nanohybrid as a green chelating agent in the selective assessment of ultra-trace amount of Cr6+ in spiked water sample model was also done with good recoveries in both bottled drinking water and tap water samples ranging from 102.86 to 114.23 %.

Evaluation of bottled drinking water and occurrence of multidrug-resistance and biofilm producing bacteria in Nepal

Health consequences arising from unsafe drinking water and water insecurity lead to increased reliance on usage of bottled water. Biofilm-producing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in bottled water may pose a risk to public health. This study aims to assess the quality of bottled drinking water with a focus on biofilm-producing and drug-resistant coliform. We analyzed 60 bottled water samples of 30 different brands purchased from Kathmandu for physicochemical and microbial analysis. The parameters pH, iron, total coliform count, Escherichia coli count, and fecal coliform count exceeded National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2022 in 30.00%, 16.67%, 66.67%, 23.33%, and 16.67% of samples, respectively. Water quality index measurement showed 36.67% and 6.67% of bottled water samples were categorized as grade A and grade B indicating excellent and good water quality, respectively. However, 56.67% of bottled water samples fall under grade E meaning unsuitable for drinking. Among 14 coliform isolates, 85.71% and 14.29% were identified as E. coli and Klebsiella spp, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 28.57% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant and Gentamicin resistant isolates comprised 71.43%. However, none of the isolates were carbapenem (meropenem) resistant. In this study, 42.87% of the isolates were found biofilm producers with 14.29% each of strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers. The genetic potential of biofilm-producing capacity of the isolates was assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification of bcsA and csgD genes. Our results showed that 66.67% and 50.00% of the isolates harbored bcsA and csgD genes, respectively. This study highlights potential public health hazards associated with the consumption of bottled water containing biofilm-producing and drug-resistant bacteria in Nepal.

Factors influencing microplastic contamination in bottled drinking water in Indonesia: a systematic review

Factors influencing microplastic contamination in bottled drinking water in Indonesia: a systematic review

Impact of ERP Implementation on Company Bottled Water to Performance Company

AbstractThis study evaluates the impact of implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system on the performance of CV Tirta Sasmita, a bottled drinking water producer. It addresses the challenge of fragmented business processes, hindering effectiveness and efficiency, along with suboptimal utilization of data resources. Qualitative methods, including interviews, observations, and document analysis, were employed. The study applied the ADDIE approach to tailor ERP systems to the company's needs and processes.The study yielded three significant findings. Firstly, researchers successfully developed a customized ERP system aligned with the company's requirements. Secondly, there was a tangible enhancement in CV Tirta Sasmita's financial performance, notably reflected in an increased total turnover asset ratio. Thirdly, employee performance exhibited improvements in work quantity, quality, punctuality, effectiveness, and independence.This research offers valuable insights for similar businesses or those considering ERP system implementation, highlighting its potential to enhance operational efficiency and performance.Keywords:Information System, AMDK, ERP, Company Performance, Total Turn Over Asset Ratio

Potential For Recycling Single-Use Plastic Waste - Case Study in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Circular economy is an economic ideal that has been concretized by the Vietnamese Government in the Law on Environmental Protection 2020. As a part of this model, plastic waste reuse and recycling are encouraged to extend the product life cycle. This study investigates the composition of recyclable plastic waste within the domestic waste sources in Can Tho city. The wastes were collected at waste gathering places, residential areas, markets, bus stations, and schools in the urban district of Ninh Kieu and suburban district of Cai Rang in Can Tho city. The results show that disposable plastic items are very diverse such as grocery bags, plastic bags, foam boxes, straws, drinking water bottles, etc. Plastic components accounted from 6.82 % in Cai Rang district to 14.89 % in Ninh Kieu district of the total waste. In which, LDPE plastic was the highest with 38.17 %, HDPE plastic and PETE plastic accounted for 20.81% and 4.89 %, respectively. Particularly, PETE is less found than other plastics as it is collected by scrap person at the disposal sources or by sanitation worker at the waste gathering place. PETE and HDPE plastics are completely recyclable, accounting for 25.70 %. In addition, LDPE plastic is also recyclable (38.17%) compared to other components. Thus, the recyclable plastic ratio of PETE, HDPE, and LDPE reaches 63.88 %. Meanwhile, non-recyclable plastics, accounted for 36.12 %, such as PS plastic (14.18 %), PP plastic (9.83 %) and other plastics (12.12 %). From the results, the amount of recyclable plastic discarded into the environment is nearly twice that of non-recyclable plastic. The potential to utilize recyclable plastics will most likely fit the circular economy model, which will both extend the product life cycle while limiting waste generation and minimizing adverse environmental impacts.

ASSESSMENT OF THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF BOTTLED DRINKING WATER PRODUCED IN DIRE DAWA, ETHIOPIA

Measurements of natural radioactivity in drinking water have been evaluated in most parts of the world to assess the dose rate and irradiation risk. This work aims to determine the natural radioactivity of bottled drinking water produced in Dire Dawa City

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF RABBITS EXPOSED TO WATER-SOLUBLE SILICON FOR THREE MONTHS

The article presents the results obtained when studying the liver of rabbits who were in an experiment with the intake of silicon with drinking water at a concentration of 20 mg / l expressed in terms of silicon. The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of liver changes in laboratory rabbits under the conditions of the experiment with the intake of water-soluble silicon for three months. Material and methods. Rabbits were kept in a vivarium on a standard diet with free access to drinking water for three months. Animals of the control group (n = 3) received bottled drinking water, rabbits of the experimental group (n = 3) received the same water, but with the addition of sodium metasilicate enneahydrate at a concentration of 20 mg /l expressed in terms of silicon. After the animals were removed from the experiment, the liver was extracted. A part of the liver was sent to a cryostat for freezing with further preparation of fresh slices with a thickness of 10 microns and producing a Cross, Evan and Rost reaction to detect histamine luminescent structures, the other part was placed in a 10% formalin solution for subsequent paraffin embedding. Paraffin blocks were made; sections of 5 microns thick after deparaffination were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, methyl green-pyronine by Brachet method, as well as by Van Gieson method to identify connective tissue. The measurement results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results and their discussion. When stained with hematoxylin and eosin in the liver preparations of rabbits of the experimental group who received silicon with drinking water at a concentration of 20 mg/l ad libitum for three months, statistically significant increases in the average area of hepatocytes, the average area of hepatocyte nuclei, and the average diameter of sinusoidal capillaries were revealed in comparison with the preparations in the control group. An increase in the area of central veins was noted, but these changes were not statistically significant. A change in the shape of hepatocytes' nuclei was observed, which was manifested by a decrease in the shape factor of the nucleus and eccentricity and an increase in the index of the nucleus contour, as well as leukocytic infiltration of the portal tract area, formation of areas of hepatocytes' focal necrosis, proliferation of connective tissue with the formation of portal fibrosis and portoportal septa. In rabbits of the experimental group, a decrease in the DNA optical density was determined in liver histopreparations stained by Brush method in hepatocyte nuclei. We found an increase in the intensity of histamine luminescence in the luminescent granular liver cells of rabbits containing it. Conclusions. The intake of silicon at a concentration of 20 mg/l for three months results in pronounced morphological changes in the liver of rabbits.

Physico-Chemical Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Zomba City, Malawi

The quality of drinking water is a key priority from a human health perspective. The present study was conducted to assess the physico-chemical quality of bottled drinking water marketed in Zomba City, Malawi. Seven bottled water brands were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, K, Na, Ca, Mg, NO3-, F-, Cl- and total water hardness using standard methods. The results of the analysis were compared with Malawi Standard (MS) 560 for natural mineral water, MS 699 for bottled water other than natural mineral water, and the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. The results showed that EC, TDS, Cl-, NO3-, F-, K, Na, Ca, and Mg in all the bottled water brands complied with MS 560, MS 699, and WHO guidelines for drinking water. Further, four bottled water brands had their mean pH below the minimum MS 560 and MS 699 value of 6.5. Comparison of the analyzed water quality parameters with the reported label values showed considerable variation in both exaggeration and undervaluing. This study has also shown that all brands had low fluoride content as compared to recommended levels by MS 560 and MS 699. The paper suggests the need for strict monitoring to check bottled water quality compliance.

Consumo de agua embotellada en México ante una economía circular

The objective is to analyse bottled water consumption in Mexico in view of a circular economy. The paper evaluates the rates of bottled water consumption and the key causal factors. Furthermore, it compares the role played by the private and public sectors in exacerbating demand for bottled water. The paper implemented a systematic review that identified articles mainly from the Web of Science and Scopus databases from November 01 to December 31, 2022. There were utilised three strategies for the search process, including keying in free-text words, implementing Boolean operators, and citation searching. The systematic review was conducted in line with the PRISMA statement/methodology. Forty-eight articles were identified after the complete search. The summations direct that bottled water consumption is high in Mexico due to the below-par conventional drinking water supply. Most customers cited organoleptic and health reasons as key factors influencing their preference for bottled drinking water. Conversely, the demand for bottled water contributes to high Polyethylene Terephthalate bottles, which contribute to environmental degradation. The implementation of the circular economy can reduce the associated negative effects through decreasing and optimization strategies. There were conglomerates findings from various articles while defining the key gaps and areas for improvement. The paper is seminal in bridging the dearth of knowledge on the circular economy and its application in the water industry while providing recommendations for policymakers.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formers in drinking water

Currently there has been an increase in demand for bottled water, this is due to the population’s dissatisfaction with the quality of water provided by public agencies. The present study sought to evaluate the presence of biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa in bottled drinking water. Thirty-five typical bottled water samples were selected to identify the presence of P. aeruginosa and its ability to form bacterial biofilm. The methodology used to verify the presence of P. aeruginosa followed the multiple tube technique and the evaluation of biofilm forming capacity followed the microdilution technique, with the optical capacity read by spectrophotometry at 620 nm. The presence of P. aeruginosa was detected in 26% of the samples analyzed, representing nine of the 35 samples tested. Of these, 55% had the ability to form biofilm. The present study shows that the presence of P. aeruginosa, which is capable of forming biofilms, is a risk factor for public health because of the widespread commercialisation of bottled water.

Diversity and epidemiological profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from drinking water in Brazil genotyped using multi-locus sequence typing.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus associated with waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether particular P. aeruginosa sequence types (STs) were associated with drinking water contamination in Brazil. This was achieved by searching the Pseudomonas PubMLST database, which contains the records for 8358 strains collected between 1938 and 2023. The majority (97.2%) had the complete 7-loci multilocus sequence typing profile and were assigned to 3486 STs. After eBURST (an algorithm used to infer patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters), 1219 groups with single-locus variant and 575 groups with double-locus variant were formed. Brazil was the South American country with the most isolates (n=219, 58.24%), and the Simpson's index was 0.9392. Of the 219 Brazilian isolates, eight were isolated in water and identified as STs 252, 1417, 1605, 2502, 2620, 3078, and 3312. ST252, 1417, and 3078 have already been isolated from clinical cases worldwide. Furthermore, ST1605 and 2620, after the eBURST, they were grouped in the same clonal complex as STs involved in human infections. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa STs involved in human infections were found in bottled drinking water commercialized in Brazil, revealing that these types of drinking waters can be a vehicle of contamination.

Differences in Iron (Fe) Content in Samples of Refill Drinking Water (AMIU) and Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method

Introduction: Iron is a metal in the first transition Series and the most common element on Earth by mass that makes up most of the outer and inner core of the Earth. High levels of iron (Fe) can be polluted by corrosive gases such as CO2 and H2S. In nature there are various elements that include heavy metals and also a component of pollutants, namely Cd, Hg, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe. The Aim Of The Research: To determine the difference in iron content in samples of drinking water refills and bottled drinking water Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric method. Research Method: This research was conducted at the mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratory of Sriwijaya University in January-February 2022 with a total of 20 samples. The Result: The results of the study obtained the average value of iron (Fe) content in refilled drinking water samples 7.7 mg/L and bottled drinking water 3.7 mg/L Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Mann Witney test obtained the value of p (Sig 2 Tailed) = 0.04. Conclussions: Have different levels of iron in samples of drinking water refills and bottled drinking water Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric method.

Preliminary Evaluation of the activity concentration of cesium-137 present in bottled drinking water sold in supermarkets in Asuncion and the metropolitan area by gamma spectrometry

El cesio-137 es un radionucleido que se forma como subproducto de la fisión nuclear en reactores nucleares, una vez liberado al medio ambiente puede ser absorbido por los seres vivos produciendo efectos negativos para la salud humana. El propósito de la presente investigación fue el de evaluar de manera preliminar la concentración de la actividad de cesio-137 en agua de consumo embotellada en Asunción y área metropolitana. Se procedió a la toma de muestra a partir de veinte puntos de muestreo de Asunción y área metropolitana mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. La determinación de las actividades de concentración de cesio-137 fueron realizadas mediante espectrometría gamma utilizando un detector de Ioduro de Sodio activado con Talio dos pulgadas de diámetro acoplado a un multicanal Accuspec. Con los resultados obtenidos se observó que las concentraciones de actividad de cesio-137 presentaron valores inferiores a los límites de referencia establecidos en la Norma Brasilera para agua potable, la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición y el Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar de Japón. La técnica nuclear de espectrometría gamma permitió la detección de la concentración de actividad de cesio-137 en las muestras de agua de consumo embotelladas analizadas.

Pengaruh Persepsi Harga, Promosi, Dan Desain Kemasan Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen AMDK Merek ADES

ABSTRACT
 This study aims to determine the effect of perceived price, promotion, and packaging design on consumer buying interest in ADES brand bottled drinking water (AMDK), both partially and simultaneously. The sample used in this study was 120 respondents. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with the dependent variable being consumer buying interest, and the independent variable being price perception, promotion, and packaging design. The results showed that promotion partially had no effect on consumer buying interest, price perceptions and packaging design had a partial effect on consumer buying interest. Perceived variables of price, promotion, and packaging design simultaneously affect consumer buying interest. Of the two influential independent variables, the packaging design variable has the greatest influence on consumer buying interest.
 Keywords: Perceived Price, Promotion, Packaging Design, Consumer Purchase Interest

Microbiological contamination of the inner surface of finished water filling taps at bottled drinking water producers in Khanh Hoa province

The finished water filling tap is the final contact point of filtered drinking water before bottling. Therefore, microbial contamination at this site may result in cross-contamination into the finished water in the bottle. This study was conducted to evaluate microbiological contamination on the inner surface of the finished water filling tap at the bottled drinking water producers in Khanh Hoa in 2022. A total of 93 swab samples of the inside surface of the tap at 93 producers were subjected to a test for ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), total plate count (TPC), coliform, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococci feacal, and Clostridia. There were 72/93 (77.4%) samples with ATP values higher than 300 RLU/cm2. The geometric mean of ATP and TPC were 3.1±0.8 log (RLU/cm2) and 3.5±1.2 log (CFU/cm2), respectively. The ATP and TPC were linear correlated, indicating that the surface ATP value inside the finished water filling tap was mainly formed by microorganisms. In addition, 6/93 (6.5%) samples were found to be positive for coliform, including 3 strains of Enterobacter cloacae, 2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 strain of Enterobacter aerogenes. Moreover, 1/93 (1.1%) samples were infected with P. aeruginosa. All 7 strains of these bacteria were biofilm producers under laboratory conditions. Our results demonstrated that the cleaning and decontamination of finished water filling taps were not properly processed, thereby increasing the risk of microbial contamination into finished bottled water.

Analisa Pemborosan Pada Proses Produksi Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Dengan Metode Value Stream Mapping Dan Waste Assesment Model Di CV Dafista Mulia

CV Dafista Mulia is a drinking water producer company located in Lamongan Regency. The problem that is often faced by companies is the amount of waste that occurs in the process of producing bottled drinking water. The most critical percentage of waste in the bottled water production process (AMDK) is waste overproduction with a weighting percentage of 25.4%; waste defet with a weighting percentage of 16.2%; waste inventory with a weighting percentage of 14.9%; waste unnecessary motion with a weighting percentage of 14.1%; waste transportation with a weighting percentage of 11.7%; waste waiting with a weighting percentage of 9%; and waste excess processing with a weighting percentage of 8.7%. The initial activity time before the repair was 466 minutes (7 Hours 46 Minutes) and after the repair was reduced to 416 minutes (6 Hours 51 Minutes). Based on the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), it is known that the root cause of the problem with the highest waste is Overproduction, namely production planning that is not quite right with a Risk Priority Number (RPN) score of 396. Recommendations for improvements that can be proposed are to carry out production planning using data - historical data that exists and is adjusted to balance the purchasing of raw materials with orders from consumers so that the results of the Overproduction can become a safety stock so that the Overproduction can function in the next consumer order.

Assessment of the quality and safety of bottled drinking water

The Irkutsk market of bottled drinking water was studied. The quality of four water samples of local producers, which occupy 35% of the market, was assessed. Organoleptic (smell, taste and after-taste, color, turbidity) and physicochemical (total mineralization, hardness, pH, content of sodium, potassium, selenium, chlorides, sulfates, hydrogen carbonates, anionic surfactants) quality indicators of the studied water samples, as well as safety indicators (content of heavy metals, radioactive, organic, and chemical substances) comply with regulatory requirements. In terms of organoleptic indicators, the water of the brand "Wave of Baikal" proved to be the best.

Evaluation of the impact of fluoride in drinking water and tea on the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth

BackgroundSystemic fluoride intake is predominantly derived from drinking water and tea. It’s been noted that water and tea containing fluoride, within the boundaries set by the World Health Organization, can lessen the prevalence of dental caries. A review of the literature did not uncover any study that has examined the impact of fluoride in bottled drinking water and tea on enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth. Thus, we assessed the effects of fluoride present in seven different brands of bottled water from distinct geographical regions of Turkey, and a type of tea produced and packaged in Turkey, on the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth.Materials and methodsFluoride analysis was performed on drinking water sourced from seven different regions of Turkey and a brand of tea brewed with these waters. The tea was harvested and packaged in Turkey. The analysis was conducted using an ion-selective electrode. In total, 112 tooth enamel samples (56 deciduous molars and 56 permanent molars) were randomly divided into eight distinct groups. These were kept in water for 15 min and tea for 15 min every day for a month. The eighth group was treated with fluoride gel prior to tea and water applications. The amount of fluoride in the tooth enamel structure was evaluated using an SEM EDX device before and after the experiment.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in fluoride content of enamel between water brands and tooth type (deciduous and permanent teeth). Fluoride levels were higher in the enamel of deciduous teeth than in permanent teeth.ConclusionRegular exposure of enamel samples to black tea and water led to an increase in fluoride levels in the enamel; thus, regular consumption of black tea and fluoride water could help reduce the prevalence of dental caries.

Socialization of Groundwater Treatment with Modified IPA Prototype in Doyomulyo, Lamongan District

Doyomulyo is a village located in Lamongan residents , most of the population's livelihood as a farmer. The village is also known have a source of groundwater. Even during a drought these sources remain abundant. Doyomulyo Village is indeed included in the drought-prone map during the rainy season like now. However, Donomulyo Village still has a source of raw water that is used for daily needs. One of them is near the Donomulyo Village hall mosque, but the water source is adjacent to the mosque's bathroom septic tank. So the laboratory results show the results of DO, TDS, COD, BOD, Total Coliform and E. Coli which do not meet the standards. And there is the desire of the people of Doyomulyo Village, Kembangbahu District, Lamongan Regency to produce groundwater into bottled drinking water (AMDK). So that Unisla through community service activities wants to improve the quality of Doyomulya village water sources so that they become drinking water that is ready for consumption. In Community Service (PKM) activities, the team used a groundwater treatment method with a modified IPAM prototype. Based on the results of groundwater characteristics obtained, the design of equipment for the drinking water treatment unit in Doyomulyo, Lamongan Regency requires that the filter media for the filter tube are activated carbon, silica sand and manganese zeolite used to remove dissolved particles above 50 µ in size and can also reduce concentration of iron and organic matter contained. Community Service Program (PKM) activities by FIKES UNISLA in Doyomulya Village have resulted in a planning program for drinking water treatment to increase the demand for drinking water for residents of Doyomulya Village and its surroundings.