Terms Of Borrowing Research Articles

When banks become pure creditors: The effects of declining shareholding by Japanese banks on bank lending and firms’ risk-taking

This study empirically examines the impact of an exogenous decrease in banks’ shareholding on bank loans and firms’ risk-taking, utilizing a regulatory change in Japan relating to banks’ shareholding as an instrument. We find that an exogenous reduction in a bank’s shareholding decreased the bank’s share of loans in the client firm’s total loans, while it increased the volatility of a firm’s return on assets. The reduction in a bank’s shareholding did not affect firm risk as perceived by equity investors or its borrowing terms. These findings are consistent with the prediction that banks hold equity claims over client firms to gain a competitive advantage, and are weakly compatible with the prediction that banks’ shareholding mitigates shareholder–creditor conflict.

Public procurement and bank lending

This article unveils that government is intertwined with banking through a hitherto underexplored channel—through public procurement. On a comprehensive firm-level dataset that combines public procurement and accounting data, we apply the difference-in-differences method to show that treated firms that secure a public procurement contract can strengthen their bank borrowing terms. Treated firms obtain a greater amount of bank funding and a higher share of long-term funding at lower interest rates compared to the control firms. The impact on bank lending exceeds the positive impact due to higher revenues and suggests a positive non-revenue channel of public procurement.

ABOUT THE UNIFICATION PROBLEM GRAMMATICAL TERMS IN THE KAZAKH AND TURKISH LANGUAGES

In the context of the modern process of globalization, the intensification of scientific, technical, economic, political, cultural, literary, and linguistic ties between states indicates that an increasing number of new words have entered the language and have become an urgent problem of the system of formation of new words in terminology. In order to determine the manifestation of the modern system of terminology formation in the Turkic languages, a comparative study was conducted on the example of grammatical terms of the Kazakh and Turkish languages, similarities and differences in the grammar of the two languages were revealed, prerequisites for the possibility of unification of grammatical terms formed at the stage of global development were created. To achieve this goal, the article characterizes the stages of the formation of the grammatical sphere in the Kazakh and Turkish languages, reviews scientific conclusions in the field of grammar of two languages and the works of the founding scientists of linguistics. In the course of the study, terms from grammar textbooks in two languages were generalized, their structural specificity, terminological sphere, from which language they entered in the presence of a borrowed term were analyzed. Similarities and differences in the sound, root form of grammatical terms grouped from two languages were presented in the comparative table. According to the results of the study, it was found that the grammatical terms of the Kazakh language have been finally formed, and in the Turkish language grammatical terms still have a variety. The results of the research of the article acquire great practical importance in the unification of grammatical terms in grammar textbooks used in teaching Kazakh and Turkish.

Income and Borrowing of Farmers in North-Eastern Region: Inferences from NSSO SAS 2013 and NAFIS 2017

Abstract: NAFIS was launched in 2016-17 as a national level survey that offers, after NSSO SAS 2013, a comprehensive overview of the farmer’s behaviour in terms of income, earning sources, borrowing and indebtedness. NSSO 70th round of 2012-13 revealed many aspects of Indian farmers of which many parameters were covered by NAFIS. By employing these two surveys, the paper attempts to answer what are the changes that have taken place from 2013 to 2017 in terms of income and indebtedness of farmers in Northeastern region (NER) of India. Non-farm business income has seen large change in most of the states of the region with all NE states having higher average than the national average in 2017. The comparative analysis of SAS 2012-13 and NAFIS 2016-17 indicates that NER has improved a lot in terms of income and borrowing of agriculture households, however, changing scenario indicates income growing is inadequate, borrowing is low and outstanding debt has expanded rapidly. Large presence of subsistence agriculture, unregulated markets, negligible Agricultural Marketing Committees, lack of implementation of Minimum Support Price (MSP), low credit absorptive capacity, absence of land laws in large areas, poor infrastructure and geographical isolation are some of the major pertinent issues in the region that made agriculture underdeveloped. However, the two reports may not comparable in complete sense, therefore, necessary adjustment in parameters and calculation have been made to have a comparative scenario and to draw inferences.

LINGUISTIC FEATURES F BRRWED TERMS F APPLIED GEMETRY AND THEIR SEMANTIC MDIFICATIN IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

This article deals with the problems of borrowed terms in the field of applied geometry. The choice of the research topic is due to the fact that the study of the process of borrowing terms, as well as their use in the field of applied geometry is one of the relevant topics in modern Kazakh terminology. It should be noted that borrowed terms of applied geometry belong to the least studied problems of modern linguistics. The purpose of this study is to study the features of semantics and functioning of borrowed vocabulary in the field of applied geometry. The object of research is the semantics of borrowed terms of applied geometry. Within the framework of this study, the article analyzes theoretical research on this topic and defines the concept of the term borrowing, highlights the main periods of introduction of borrowed and international terms into the Kazakh language, establishes the reasons for the penetration of borrowed terms of applied geometry. The features of their active use and functioning, principles and ways of their ordering are revealed. At the same time the views of a number of scientists on this process and their contribution to the Kazakh term creationare given.In the course of the study more than 150 borrowed geometric terms wereselected and analyzed. These lexemes were studied by descriptive method, the method of continuous sampling, statistical and corpus analysis. On the basis of the conducted research the author has analyzed the origin, semantic and structural features of borrowed terms in the field of applied geometry in the Kazakh language. The classification of borrowed terms is given.

Заимствованная буддийская лексика бурятского языка в историко-лингвистическом освещении

Introduction. The article is devoted to Buddhist terms, which represent a significant layer in the lexical system of the Buryat language. The borrowed Buddhist vocabulary of the Buryat language is the result of the enteringprocessof Buddhist terms into the Buryat language taken place over centuries. It was not stable, it, like any process, had periods of decline and activity. Of course, borrowing of Buddhist terms is a consequence of the development of Buddhist ideas. The main purpose of the study is to describe the features of borrowed Buddhist terms, which are the result of an inextricable connection between the process of their appearing in the Buryat language and the history of Buddhism popularization among the Mongolian–speaking peoples. The objectives of the study include: 1) justification of intensification periods of entering the Buddhist terms into the lexicological system of the Buryat language against a historical background; 2) a brief historical and linguistic description of periods of the mass appearance of the Buddhist terms; 3) identification of the peculiarities of the semantics of individual borrowings belonging to different periods of borrowing and different donor languages. Results. Based on the historical and linguistic facts, the authors justify the validity of the allocation of periods of appearing of Buddhist terms associated with periods of intensive development of Buddhism. The study showed that in the first period of borrowing Buddhist terms of the Buryat language, their guides were the Sogdian and Uighur languages: from Sanskrit and Tibetan they fell into Sogdian, then into Uighur. It was only after Uighur that they appeared in the Mongolian languages through the old-written Mongolian language. In the second period, Buddhist terms came directly from the Tibetan language to the Buryat language, in some cases the Mongolian language was the intermediary. The third period of intensification of the appearance of Buddhist terms is characterized by the revival of previously borrowed words. The authors conclude that the features of Buddhist terms depend on the donor language, while the roads along which they came to the Buryat language also play an important role: directly or through an intermediary language, orally or in writing.

Shades of whiteness

This study examines the appropriation of religious symbols by the Nordic Alt-Right over the last decade, focusing on their use for völkisch identity construction around whiteness. It locates this signification historically, both before and during the Third Reich, to reveal a complex genealogy complicated by racial ideals, nationalistic agendas and magical thinking. Analysis centres around a selection of symbols – ranging from various Norse runes to the Valknut, the Sonnenrad and the swastika – used both explicitly and in more private contexts by members of the Nordic Alt-Right, with special attention focused on two groups that are active today, the Nordic Resistance Movement and the Soldiers of Odin. This opens a discussion on the semiotic range of appropriation itself, in order to expose how it is operative in different ways and on different levels, not only in terms of cultural borrowing or contestations of meaning but as an appropriation of ideological frames and systems of belief.

TERF and Anti-trans Initiatives in Russia: Is There a Connection?

Trans-exclusive radical feminism (TERF) was imported onto the Russian soil around 2013, when trans people became more visible and I introduced transfeminism in a number of blog posts, which later were compiled into the first Russian-language book on transfeminism (Kirey-Sitnikova, 2016). In 2016, a large survey of feminists (n = 1364) revealed that 10.2% respondents identified as TERF and 4.4% as transfeminists (Kirey-Sitnikova, 2018). The TERF movement was shown to consist of individuals with higher income and educational level living in big cities, lesbians, and those more involved in feminist activism. Knowing a trans person was not a predictor of trans inclusion, many feminists joined the TERF movement after meeting a trans person supporting patriarchal gender norms (Kirey-Sitnikova, 2016). The most vigorous debates between these groups occurred on the Russian blogging platform “LiveJournal” (LJ) and consisted largely of translations and interpretations of texts by US feminists (Ibid.). As I described elsewhere, self-colonisation in the form of indiscriminate borrowing of terms and concepts from the Anglosphere is a prominent characteristic of all Russian progressive gender movements (Kirey-Sitnikova, 2020). After 2016, I moved on to other topics and did not follow these debates. This small contribution is aimed as an update on TERF from that time till now.

Reaping what you sow: Historical rice farming and contemporary cooperative behavior in China

This paper investigates how China's long tradition of wetland rice farming affects contemporary cooperative behavior. We exploit a discontinuity in rice farming generated by a natural geographic boundary in China and find a significant positive impact on cooperative behavior today. An increase in the percentage of farmland devoted to rice farming significantly increases the frequency of mutual help in terms of borrowing and lending money, caring for each other's family members, and helping each other with job seeking and house construction. We identify cultural transmission, labor exchange and irrigation networks as the likely driving forces behind this phenomenon.

Borrowability of kinship terms in Uralic languages

Kinship terms are assumed to be universal and central to social life, and consequently they are not particularly prone to borrowing. Borrowing of kinship terms does happen, however, and this provides us a lens with which to evaluate the nature and intensity of contact situations. In this study, we provide a general overview of the borrowability of kinship terms into the Uralic languages. We collected kinship terms from twenty Uralic languages and used a list of 146 kin categories total as the basis for our data collection. We found that affinal kin categories such as those denoting spouses, spouse’s siblings, and sibling’s spouses had the largest number of loanwords. However, among the kin categories with the largest number of loanwords were also consanguineal categories such as those of ‘mother’ and ‘father’. We also found that the Uralic languages vary notably in how large a percentage of their kinship terminology has been borrowed: the Mordvin languages have borrowed the most, more than 40 percent of their kinship terms, while for many Samoyedic languages no loanwords were detected in their kinship terminology. In addition to the quantitative approach, we also delve into the kin categories with the largest number of loanwords and discuss the patterns of these loanwords in certain languages, and the occurrence of semantic change as a factor explaining the large number of loanwords of terms for ‘husband’ and ‘wife’. All in all, borrowing of kin terms is a context-dependent process and it is challenging to make global generalizations. Nevertheless, we propose that borrowed kin terms could provide us the best possible material through which individual contact situations of the past could be studied. This study also summarizes the borrowed kin terms in the Uralic languages, brings the topic into the spotlight, and pinpoints cases where more research is needed.

Austerity urbanism, local government debt-drive, and post COVID predicaments in Britain

Abstract Conditions of local governance in the aftermath of the global financial crisis are often discussed as reflections of ‘austerity urbanism’. What forms of mutations have taken place in austerity urbanism after the initial years of spending cuts at the local level? This article investigates this question by focusing on the uneven geographies of post-austerity debt-drive in Britain. It is shown that austerity urbanism in Britain was somewhat peculiarly combined with debt-driven ‘entrepreneurialism’ several years after the introduction of extensive budgetary cuts. The local debt-drive was instigated by austerity-urbanism as a way of resolving the challenge of financing local services and development. The relatively low level of initial debt stock among local governments, very attractive borrowing terms and various regulatory changes facilitated the expansion of borrowing. Using debt stock data for over 300 local governments, it is demonstrated how debt build-up evolved to create financial difficulties for around 40 per cent of local governments. The Covid-19 pandemic, with its severe impacts on local revenues, exposed the debt-driven local development projects, leading to rescue operations and efforts to curb borrowing through new rules and regulations. For deeper international insights into the dynamics of debt-financing and urban development in times of crises, further research is needed to complement existing research in Britain and the USA, where relatively greater evidence exists.

“CONCEPT” IN RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN LINGUISTICS, OR ABOUT THE IDEOLOGICAL FACTORS OF TERMINOLOGICAL SYNONYMY FORMATION

The article explores the formation of ponyatie (back translation: concept or notion) and kontsept (back translation: concept) terminological synonymy in the Russian and Soviet linguistics, considering also the interference of ideological factors. During the Soviet times the interpretation of ponyatie as a term was debatable. On the one hand, dialectic materialism dictated objectivity, abstract nature, and a lack of of component that were sensory, image-derived or which involved assessment. On the other hand, the Soviet scholars made attempts to re-interpret the accepted assumptions, though the new conception of ponyatie could not gain traction within Marxism-Leninism, which discarded the subjective distinctions of reality in categorization. Post-Soviet linguists then got rid of any aspects that were attributed to the innovative opinions on the essence of ponyatie. In order to label the more controversial aspects (subjectivity, sensory, imagederived, axiological components and so on),they have adopted the borrowed term kontsept. Scholars started to discuss the relevance or redundancy of kontsept, along with differentiation between the lexemes kontsept and ponyatie. At the same time, the linguistic schools of the English-speaking countries (most notably in the USA) debated the various aspects of concept rather than a difference in terms. The author attributes these distinctions to the Western Humanities lacking the ideological restrictions imposed on the sense of ponyatie in the USSR.

TRANSLATION OF GERMAN TERMS OF THE FIELD “THE MAIN TYPES OF EDITIONS” INTO UKRAINIAN

The article defines the main regularities during the translation of the German terms contained in the National Ukrainian Standard DSTU 3017:2015 into Ukrainian and outlines recommendations for the translator working with terms that are not recorded in translated lexicographic sources. The obtained results are a useful addition to the terminology system of the publishing and library industry. The total amount of research material is based on a compiled sample of German terms and their Ukrainian equivalents. The goal of the presented research is to determine the regularities of German terms rendering into Ukrainian. The main tasks aim at the creation of a classification of terms based on word-forming features and a generalized classification of strategies, methods, approaches and techniques of terms translation based on the lexical and semantic features. The analysis of the translation features of the compiled research material makes recommendations for the terms translation that do not have dictionary equivalents. The research uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis to develop classifications and generalize recommendations for the terms translation. The main linguistic methods of research are the method of structural and lexical analysis, component analysis and the method of analysis of dictionary definitions. In addition, the article uses the sociolinguistic method of distributive analysis and the statistical method of quantitative analysis. German native and borrowed terms of the field “The main types of editions” consist of native non‑derived vocabulary, derivatives, compound words and combinations of words. The terms of the field of the main types of editions are generally rendered by lexical and semantic approaches of lexical borrowing, modulation, implication, explication and mutation. Native non‑derived vocabulary and derivative terms are translated into Ukrainian by lexical borrowing. Compound words, represented by composites and binominal words, are rendered mainly by means of modulation; combinations of words are mostly translated by means of tracing. Translation approaches of implication and explication are typical of both native terms and borrowed terms, but they are less common in terms translation. The approach of implication aims at the compact presentation of terms, and the approach of explication makes easier their perception. The translation approach of mutation through the denotation replacement is the least used in translation. The translation of terms complicate absolute synonyms (doublets) and polysemantic words with signs of intraindustry homonymy (translator’s false friends). In the translation of native German terms into Ukrainian, there is a tendency to use the foreignization strategy.

The dynamics of leverage and the belief distribution of wealth

The scale and terms of borrowing in an economy depend on the manner in which wealth is distributed across potential creditors with heterogeneous beliefs about the future. This distribution evolves over time as uncertainty is resolved, in favor of optimists if loans are repaid in full, and in favor of pessimists if there is widespread default. We model this process in an economy with two assets—risky bonds and risk-free cash. Within periods, given the inherited distribution of wealth across belief types, the scale and terms of borrowing are endogenously determined. Following good states, aggregate borrowing and the face value of debt both rise, and the interest rate falls. In the absence of noise, wealth converges to beliefs that differ systematically from the objective probability governing state realizations, with greater risk-aversion associated with greater optimism. In the presence of noise, the economy exhibits periods of high performance, punctuated by periods of crisis and stagnation.

Къэбэрдей-шэрджэсыбзэм къыхыхьа псалъэщIэхэр (бзэщIэныгъэ терминхэм ехьэлIауэ)

This article examines the process of new linguistic terms emergence in the Kabardino-Circassian language. This work analysed the terms created by the Kabardino-Circassian language’s own lin-guistic sources. The initiator of the creation of these terms is the scientist-educator Sh.B. Nog-mov. The main stage of the linguistic creation, terminological system of the Kabardino-Circassian language, begins in the 30s of the twentieth century. During the research, the author concludes that the founder of the national linguistic terminology is T.M. Borukaev. He is the author of various terms that are successfully used in the Kabardino-Circassian language to this day. In the post-war years, H.U. Elberdov was engaged in creating linguistic terms. He successfully introduced several terms of his own into the language. In the last half century, creating new linguistic terms has prac-tically ceased. The analysis of the literature shows that in the modern Kabardino-Circassian lan-guage, there is an unjustified use of many borrowed terms. This problem is a serious disadvantage for researchers in their native language. There are solutions for this situation, proposed by the Doctor of Philology B. Ch. Bizhoev. He created the first dictionary of linguistic terms in the Ka-bardino-Circassian language, which includes about 1865 terms. Based on the study of the terms, it was found that almost all of them received an accurate and adequate translation into the Kabardi-no-Circassian language. The relevance of this study lies in the increasing need to study the lin-guistic terminology of the Kabardino-Circassian language. Descriptive-analytical method, contex-tual analysis, statistical calculation are used in the work.

THE ORIGINS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

The article is dedicated to the description of the origins of medical terminology. A brief historical note on the earliest written sources that have come down to us starting with Egyptian medical treatises written in hieroglyphs on papyrus is given. The contribution to the development of medical terminology of such great scientists and philosophers of antiquity as Alcmaeon of Croton, Homer, Aristotle, Hippocrates and the followers of his school, the Hippocratics, is considered. The Hippocratics were the first to describe diseases based on observation, and the names given by them to many conditions are still used today. The etymology of the terms introduced by these scientists is given in the article. With the Hellenistic era the names of Herophilus, Erisistratatus are associated. The emergence of the Alexandria Medical school predetermined the development of Medicine for many centuries to come. The article also highlights the processes of term formation that took place in Latin from the 2nd century BC, namely, the borrowing of Greek terms with their subsequent latinization. The mutual influence of Greek and Latin in the process of term formation is considered. The names of Lucretius Kara, Hippocrates, Celsus, Rufus of Ephesus are associated with the Roman period in the history of medical terminology. Throughout the subsequent development of medical science, medical terms of Greek-Latin etymology penetrated into the term systems of national languages, assimilating into them and turning into internationalisms.

The native-borrowed paradigm in the linguistic terminology of Yury Shevelyov

The article is devoted to analysing the terminology of the linguistic works of the famous Ukrainian linguist Yury Shevelyov (Sherekh). The author clarifies the ratio of native and borrowed elements in linguistic terms representing different language levels. The article takes into account the authorʼs manner of introducing terms and their borrowed equivalents into scientific texts. The frequency of use of Ukrainian terms and their borrowed counterparts has been determined. The article characterizes and classifies specifically Ukrainian and borrowed terms, considering their belonging to different language levels. The author outlines a number of linguistic terms that differ from their modern equivalents established in linguistics. Within the terms atypical for a contemporary, the author highlights terms to denote concepts of phonetics and characteristics of sounds, graphic and punctuation marks, concepts of syntax and types of sentences, in particular, word structure, groups of words, grammatical categories, ways of word formation, etc. According to the results of the research carried out on the material of Yury Shevelevʼs linguistic papers within terms with borrowed components, the author singles out terms with a component expressed by a noun (дублет, формант, еквівалент, etc.) and an adjective (атрибутивний, дублетний, релевантний / ірелевантний, контамінований, експіраторний, номінативний, пейоративний, препозитивний постпозитивний, релятивний, секундарний, фіктивний, etc.). In general, the terminology of Yury Shevelevʼs linguistic papers testifies to the famous linguistʼs desire to give preference to specifically Ukrainian terminological word forms. The terms of Ukrainian origin in his scientific idiostyle dominate in the designation of phonetic phenomena and sounds, word components, ways of word formation, parts of speech, their groups, cases and meanings, and types of simple and complex sentences. Instead, borrowed models of word formation represent nominations of groups of words according to various features and terms to denote language processes. Yuriy Shevelyov prefers the borrowed terms, denoting artistic tropes, stylistic figures and techniques. The author concludes that the largest number of terms atypical for modern linguistics are terms used to denote the concepts of phonetics, grammar, graphic and punctuation marks. Keywords: linguistic term, scientific idiostyle, specific / borrowed word, synonymous term, foreign equivalent of the term.

Compendiums of knowledge associated with linguistic terminology and linguists: history, classification features, and genre polyfunctionality

The author explores the historical development of Ukrainian linguistic terminology within the framework of national terminography, lexicography, encyclopediography. The article reviews and analyses the academic references encomprassing 1) nationally specific and borrowed terms as well as concepts in traditional and emerging linguistics branches (e.g., the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by Ye. Krotevych and N. Rodzevytch; Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by D. Hanych and I. Oliinyk; Dictionary of Modern Linguistics: Concepts and Terms; Modern Linguistic Dictionary by A. Zahnitko; Ukrainian. Concise Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by S. Yermolenko, S. Bybyk, and O. Todor; Modern Linguistics: Terminological Encyclopedia by O. Selivanova; The Ukrainian Language. Encyclopaedia; etc.), and 2) personalities of Ukrainian linguists (e.g., Ukrainian Grammar in Names by A. Zahnitko, M. Balko; Nizhyn Linguistics by N. Boiko, S. Zinchenko, A. Kaidash; etc.). The author systemizes and classifies encyclopedic works based on different criteria in the classical way (according to nature of information: domain, subject-specific, biographical, personal works; according to target audience: professional linguistics, student philologists, applicants, pupils; according regional focus of linguistic conceptions: the Nizhyn region, the Poltava region; according to article structure: alphabetical, alphabetical-and-clustered), as well as in the new way (syncretism of linguistic and encyclopedic genres: subject-specific linguistic-and-encyclopedic-and-biographic works, domain regional-and-biographic ones, subject-specific regional-and-biographic ones). The universal and specific principles of forming the definitional part of both linguistic-encyclopedic and encyclopedic articles include interpretation by an author, macro- and mini-discursive cross-references, hyperlinks, scholarly inter-texts, novelty, debatable issues personal and bibliographic remarks, and global linguistic experience.

Religious and social group diversity in borrowing and spending behaviour: Analysis of survey results from rural West Bengal, India

India is a nation characterised by diversity in religion and caste. This paper attempts to determine whether diversity among religious and social groups has any impact on the borrowing and spending behaviour of households in West Bengal, India. We conduct a Fairlie decomposition analysis to evaluate the religious and caste differences in the socio-economic variables that mostly contribute to the disparity in institutional borrowing, use of institutional loans, and use of banking services using a household-level primary survey in two districts of West Bengal, India. The results of the decomposition analysis in terms of social group differences and religious group differences show that households belonging to the unreserved category and the Hindu population are more likely to hold savings bank accounts, make use of institutional borrowing, and use loans for production purposes than different reserved categories and the Muslim population, respectively. The gap between the reserved and unreserved populations and the Hindu and Muslim populations in terms of institutional borrowing and the use of loans for production purposes widens for regular wage earners and casual labourers in nonagriculture. To reduce the gap between social and religious groups, occupation categories play a major role. The implication is that wider access to financial services should be provided to all sections of the population.

ANOTHER LANGUAGE BASIS OF THE TERMINOLOGY OF THE NATURE MUSEUM CASE

The article examines the place and role of borrowings in the Ukrainian term system of the natural museum case. The composition of borrowings is clarified and the specifics of the functioning of types of foreign language term units are determined. The expediency of application of borrowed term units in the modern Ukrainian language has been determined. The reasons for the appearance of a significant number of borrowings in the terminological vocabulary have been clarified. It was revealed that the terminology of the natural museum area contains a significant layer of units of Greek-Latin origin, as well as borrowings from German, French, Italian, Arabic, and Dutch languages, which makes it possible to talk about the international character of the terminology. The largest part of terms of foreign origin in the studied terminology are borrowings from classical languages - Latin and Greek. The Latin language had a special role in medieval Europe, as it almost completely dominated in science, education and other spheres of life. Even from that time, Latinisms became a source of replenishment of scientific terminologies of all European languages. Since classical Latin was filled with Greek borrowings, the Greek language also became a lexical reserve for the construction of new terms. Mixed language constructions formed by combining two bases of the type Latin + Greek, Greek + Latin, French + Latin are also considered. The solution of urgent tasks regarding the organization and further replenishment of the studied term system of the Ukrainian language in accordance with modern economic and scientific and technical development requires a deep study of the sources, ways and methods of term formation inherent in the Ukrainian literary language. The involvement of foreign loanwords enables Ukrainian terminology to organically fit into the global scientific and technical context. Entering the term system, foreign language units undergo appropriate phonetic, morphological and semantic adaptation, which contributes to the expansion and enrichment of the modern Ukrainian term system of natural museum case.