Border Problems Research Articles

Väike-Abhaasia suured piiriküsimused

The article examines Baltic German research expeditions to the north-western Caucasus, including Abkhazia, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and analyses the results of these trips. Although some of these researchers, such as Peter Simon Pallas and Heinrich Klaproth, came from Germany, most of the researchers were from the Baltic provinces of the Russian tsarist state: Johann Anton Güldenstädt, Otto Moritz Ludwig von Engelhardt, Johann Jacob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot, and Theodor von Tornau. The main focus of the article is on the descriptions of the north-western region of Abkhazia, where the historical region Dzhigetia or Small Abkhazia is located, and which was inhabited by the Dzhiget ethnic group until the 1860s. Using data from Baltic German authors, especially Theodor von Tornau, an attempt is made to answer the question of whether or not Dzhigetians belonged to the Abkhazians. The article provides an overview of the historical location and fate of Dzhigets in the 19th century. In general, the descriptions of the peoples of the Caucasus provided by the authors of the late 18th and early 19th centuries are superficial and do not follow a uniform classification. Therefore, their interpretation offers different possibilities today. The examples of recent interpretations given in the article convince us that Russian and Abkhaz authors have interpreted earlier authors differently. The most comprehensive accounts of Dzhigetia come from Theodor von Tornau, and it can be argued that the Dzhigetians were an Abkhaz ethnic group. The question of the affiliation of Dzhigets is important in today’s border disputes between Abkhazia and Russia. In the last decade, Russia has made territorial claims to Abkhazia in the region of historic Dzhigetia. It is also declared among the Russian scientific community that Dzhigetia is not historically-ethnically within the borders of Abkhazia. However, Tornau’s data refute these statements of Russian authors. The ethnicity of the peoples of the border areas would probably not solve today’s border problems, but would give to the parties of the dispute symbolic capital and moral support to defend their positions.

«Истерические» тела в современном искусстве Эстонии

After 1991, the proclaimed Second Republic of Estonia restores individual freedoms, which leads to the problems of individualism, personal borders, transgressive behavior, identity, equality and corporeality in Estonian art after the 1990s. In this article, the author will examine the works of key Estonian contemporary artists who address the problems of identity crisis and “split personality”, which are so characteristic of modern Estonia, where issues of cultural memory, national identity and disciplinary authority are acutely relevant. Marge Monko and Liina Siib analyze the construct of “femininity” and various female cliché images through the sociocultural phenomenon of hysteria. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that in the context of the identity crisis that reigns in modern Estonian society due to historical and geographical circumstances, artistic representations of a split, “hysterical” personality, embodying established social and cultural patterns that affect individuals, become especially relevant. Through both self-analysis and analysis of the collective unconscious, the artists seek to reveal the reasons for the oppression of “deviant” behavior, as well as the influence of “foreign” culture on Estonia.

ŞANGAY İŞBİRLİĞİ ÖRGÜTÜ VE TÜRKİYE’NİN OLASI İLİŞKİLERİ

With the dissolution of the USSR, the world entered a unipolar period after the cold war. In this period, the US wants to influence the region by establishing warm relations during the independence and establishment processes in the former Soviet regions with the claims of world domination. China and Russia, dissatisfied with these expansionist policies of the USA and western countries. China and Russia took the border problems between them for many years against the threats in the region and established the Shanghai 5th organization in 1996 to establish security and commercial cooperation and to remove the USA from the region. With the participation of Uzbekistan in 2001, the name of the organization was changed to Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). when Turkey started to be hesitated from EU membership process in recent years, Turkey's foreign policy orientation of Eurasia and as an alternative to membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has started to be discussed. In 2012, Turkey was accepted as a dialogue country in the SCO that could not yet enter the full membership process. In this study, primarily the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and mentioning about the structure of the aforementioned organization, within the framework of the advantages and disadvantages of being the SCO member for Turkey and its possible relations were examined.

Образы Китая в творческом сознании Г. Р. Державина и А. С. Пушкина

The article reveals the genesis and structure of the «Chinese Text» of Russian literature in the 18th–19th centuries. Its subsequent evolution is shown — how, stepping into the parks, Catherine’s Chinese became more consistent and philosophical. For encyclopedic educators, Chinese philosophy came to be perceived as one of the ideals of thought. At the same time, the image of China in Russia began to be used both in critical literature and in ideological struggle. The spread of the Chinese style in popular culture became the basis of glamour. The Chinese topic in the correspondence of Catherine II and Voltaire is interpreted as «mutual enlightenment», which is partially replicated in the further interactions of the Empress and Derzhavin in their efforts to resolve the Chinese border problems. The formation of Pushkin as a poet took place in the conventional Tsarskoye Selo China. His subsequent in-depth involvement in the topic is associated with the emergence of realistic trends in his work and with his interest in history, which made it possible to anticipate future events and topics in this direction.

Implementation Of Technical Sub Committee Border Demarcation And Regulation (TSC-BDR) Agreement Between Indonesia - Timor Leste In The Resolution Of The Land Border Dispute

The unclear and strict land border between Indonesia and Timor Leste in some segments has caused a number of problems in bilateral relations between the two countries. Unclear demarcation (limitation of one country to another bordering on land) is one of the potential factors that can trigger conflicts between the citizens of the two countries living in the border region. The existence of repeated security disturbances at the borders of the two countries further reinforces the belief that in reality unclear land boundaries between Indonesia and Timor Leste, it can easily erupt in disputes, disputes and conflicts, both between communities, or between communities and security forces. The aim of this study is to analyze the Implementation of Technical Sub Committee Border Demarcation and Regulation (TSC-BDR) Between Indonesia - Timor Leste in Completion of The Border Dispute Disorders. To answer the legal issue this study using normative legal research. Result of this study is the Border Demarcation and Regulation (TSC - BDR) Technical Sub Committee forum was established independently under the coordination of JBC Indonesia - Timor Leste which specifically discussed the technical aspects of the Indonesia - Timor Leste border. It is hoped that the formation of the TSC-BDR can help Indonesia and Timor Leste solve the land border problems of the two countries.

Politics Of Uzbekistan In Solving Border Problems In Central Asia

The Central Asian states are located in the same geographical area and have a border problem. The roots of Central Asia's border issues go back to the 1920s. Each country has its own approach and policy on solving border problems. This article analyzes Uzbekistan's policy on resolving border issues.

As fronteiras de um corpo imaginário

Neste artigo, estudamos a obra O menino que brincava de ser (2000), de Georgina Martins, investigando como são abordados os temas do gênero, corpo e identidade no universo da literatura infantil. A análise enfatiza as brincadeiras do ser do personagem Dudu, que apresenta um gosto não convencional pela cópia ao imitar personagens de contos de fada – geralmente do sexo oposto. Situação que acentuará os problemas das fronteiras do masculino-feminino ao evidenciar o potencial do imaginário na produção de novas subjetividades.

IMPLEMENTASI PERJANJIAN PERBATASAN RI – RDTL DALAM UPAYA PENYELESAIAN MASALAH PERBATASAN (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten TTU – RI dengan Distrik Oecusse-RDTL)

Recent observation regarding the reality of people’s living in the border region of the Republic of Indonesia-Timor Leste revealed the facts that they are still facing many problems directly related to all aspects of life that requires the government to take action through the implementation of the state border treaty policy in accordance with the community desire and expectation for sa conducive environment to the life of the nation and the state. The purpose of this study were: 1) to describe the implementation of border treaty between Indonesia and Timor Leste in the resolution of border problems in the District of Oecusse, TTU and 2) to describe and interpret the factors supporting and inhibiting the implementation of the border agreement in resolving the border issues. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative approach. The informants in this study were: Deputy Governor of NTT, TTU Regent, TTU Vice Regent, head of the BPP of TTU and Pamtas RI- Timor Leste Task Force, selected by purposive technique. The study found that: First; communication dimension: (a) lack of community involvement in determining national boundaries; (b) discussion/dialogue with the community had not been maximally conducted; (c) there is requirement to improve existing products of bilateral agreements. Second; Resources dimensions: (1) poor coordination between the senior government and the local government; (2) bolstering up to build further discussion/dialogue between the two countries involving indigenous people had not been done as proposed by the local government ; (3) lack of supporting infrastructures available for the people in the border region; (4) Minimum budget capacity. Third; Bureaucratic structures: (1) lack of supervision for the institutions/implementing agencies; (2) officials in the senior level of government did not involve the Government in the lower /regional level and local communities in setting the boundaries. Fourth; Implemention disposition: (1) The occurrence of interest claims resulting disharmony of interests; (2) the existence of public ignorance on the outcomes of the policy. The Supporting factors were: the availability of law products; commitment between government and society; and the lineage similarity of border communities. The inhibiting factors, however, were: minimum budget capacity, very limited availability of infrastructures and lack of coordination. Thus, the proposed suggestions and recommendations were: a necessity for socialization to the public about the purposes and benefits of the policy set; a nnecessity for budget support and other facilities in the border region as a state gateway; a necessity for a clearly distributed tasks and authority, so that it may not cause sectoral egoism.

Reasoning Criminal – Implikasi Limbah Hasil Operasional Kapal Terhadap Ekosistem Laut di Selat Malaka

The Malacca Strait, which has always been the most strategic world trade route. The majority of foreign vessels crossing the Malacca Strait transit at the Port of Singapore. The potential of environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait area is also very large, especially the pollution from vessel waste resulting from the operational activities of vessels in the form of liquid waste and garbage dumped in vain and the washing of vessels illegally. The operational activities of foreign ships in violation of international treaties and Indonesian law often occur in Indonesian coastal areas. Indonesian waters were victims of foreign vessels who carried out illegal activities in order to reduce operational costs and avoid sanctions from the port authorities and the Singapore's sincerity which required that every vessel to be anchored in Singapore's port was clean from waste. Regulations made by the Singapore Government encourage illegal ship laundering and waste disposal in the Straits of Malacca. The supervision of severe penalties against each vessel that crosses and violates the rules, and the establishment of a special zone of vessel cleaning in the Straits of Malacca can reduce environmental damage. This research uses qualitative methods using rational choice and institutional approach in environmental view to see how environmental problems caused by vessel waste occurred and cause cross border problems threatening ecosystem in the Straits of Malacca, especially the Indonesian water area. Data used in the form of qualitative data are collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.

Model Pembangunan Kawasan Perbatasan Kalimantan Utara Yang Berpihak Pada Masyarakat Hukum Adat

iAbstract The North Kalimantan Border Area is largely inhabited by indigenous peoples. Development of Border Areas is a necessity, because the development of border areas is part of national development. Indigenous peoples in the border region have the character and local wisdom that determines with other communities, so that the development model in other regions does not necessarily show partiality to the indigenous peoples in the border region. There are two questions in this study; first, regarding the characteristics of the border problems of North Kalimantan Province and their implications for indigenous peoples,? and secondly; Does the development model in the border area favor indigenous peoples? This type of research is normative juridical research, with qualitative analysis. The research objective to be achieved is to produce an appropriate development model applied in areas that connect to the copyright of indigenous peoples in the border region, and produce specific findings for. Reducing legal and policy barriers in finding development models in the border region in North Kalimantan that favor the indigenous peoples.Keywords; Models, development, indigenous peoples, borders

Border Problems: Mapping the Third Border

AbstractThe Internet has become the site of economically relevant objects, events and actions, as well as the source of potential risks to the financial systems. This article builds on a metaphor of ‘border problems’ in financial regulation, exploring a ‘third border’ between the ‘real world’ and ‘cyberspace’—a virtual domain of human interaction facilitated and conditioned by digital communications systems. Reviewing the ‘cyber‐sovereignty’ debate and surveying the divergent approaches now emerging along geo‐political faultlines, we argue that sovereign states still have a unique and irreplaceable role in guarding financial stability which must be reflected in the law of Internet jurisdiction: an emerging lex cryptographica financiera. We conclude with a few observations on how this could affect the design of financial regulation in the coming decade.

مشکلات التقسيم الإداري بدول الوطن العربي وتأثيرها على الأمن القومي العربي دراسة موضوعية تطبيقية في الجغرافيا السياسية

Despite the importance of the role that the administrative division plays in facilitating the state's administrative affairs; However, it may be the source of many political problems within the state, and its problems may worsen and result in its disintegration and collapse. This division itself may be a step towards the fragmentation of the state into small states, or a source of civil wars among the population of one state. The borders of most Arab countries have been crystallized, and within them central governments that control areas have been marred by many border problems with some of them colonial legacies. Therefore, its administrative division has become hereditary, and despite its problems, these countries are afraid to talk about it or to prejudice it because of the tribal nature of the population, and the variation in the distribution of petroleum or mineral wealth. Or the natural conditions of mountains, plateaus and deserts, and the nature of urban distribution in such countries.

ИСТОРИЯ ВОПРОСА О КИТАЙСКОРОССИЙСКОЙ ГРАНИЦЕ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ЕГО РЕШЕНИЯ ДЛЯ УКРЕПЛЕНИЯ МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ РОССИИ И КИТАЯ

This article examines the historical importance in the settlement of border issues and identifies the main difficulties of the process of solving problems related to the SinoRussian border. The article emphasizes that since the formation of the modern national state, borders have become an important part of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, and during the formation of modern states, the process of establishing a border between the two countries has almost always been accompanied by controversy, even large-scale wars or the threat of war. The formation of the russian-chinese border also took place in similar conditions. The author traces in detail the history of RussianChinese relations in terms of resolving border problems, comments on the main stages of China-Russian negotiations on border delimitation issues, characterizes the main border agreements concluded between China and Russia (Nerchinsky, Kyakhtinsky, Aigong and Beijing), assessing the difficulties in signing agreements from the positions of the Chinese and Russian sides. The article justifies the importance in the settlement of the China-Russian border issue: the creation of new conditions for cooperation in many specific areas, such as economic and trade exchanges, environmental protection, rational use of resources, shipping and the joint fight against crime in the border areas; improving the external situation and maintaining national security in the both countries. The article concludes that today Russia and China as a whole have reached a settlement of border issues, which made it possible to create conditions for long-term relations of strategic partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation

The impact of the Algiers Agreement on the Kurdish liberation movement

The 1975 Algiers Agreement is a political and legal agreement signed between Iraq and Iran to end the chronic border problems between them after the abolition of the Saadabad Agreement of 1937 from the Iranian side unilaterally on 19/4/1969 and the demarcation of the border between the two neighboring countries. In the waters of the Shatt al-Arab in favor of Iran in return for non-support of the Tehran government of the Kurdish liberation movement in Iraq, has already collapsed this movement as a result of a mysterious international and regional deal, Moreover, this agreement has met the historical demands of Shahnashah Iran to extend its sovereignty over the Gulf And the region, in addition to strengthening the American influence of this region to counter the influence of the Soviet Union, as the signing of this agreement as a result of manipulation of the paper by the American and Iranian interests and joint scheme in the Gulf, the Algiers agreement is a mysterious political and legal deal at the expense of Iraqi territory and at the expense of Kurdish liberation movement in Iraq to end The long-standing problems between Iraq and Iran, and therefore be replaced by this illegal agreement is not in place and the Iraqi and Iranian borders have become clear and final. The United States and Iran Israel has used the movement Kurdish liberation as a bargaining policy against the Soviet Union for the Gulf region, and vice versa Kurdish liberation movement has benefited these financial aid and internal and international Tazizmkantha.

SOUTH CAUCASUS AS A REGION OF STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE

The article ‘South Caucasus as a Region of Strategic Importance’ provides a detailed analysis of the geopolitical characteristics of South Caucasus as a region with unique position on the world map. It justifies the topicality of the subject and the strong interest in the region populated by diverse ethnicities and religious denominations, exposed to a high concentration of frozen and active conflicts, many border problems, internationally unrecognised and partially recognised states. Revealed are the geographic, ethnic, geo-economic and political characteristics of the region. A focus is placed on the instability in the region and on the existing frozen conflicts on the territory of Azerbaijan and Georgia. Reviewed is the diverging foreign policy orientation of the individual states. The article underscores the geopolitical symbol of South Caucasus as a clashing and conflicting centre of the interests of the big players: Russia, the US, the European Union, Turkey and Iran. Their influence is juxtaposed and the key role of Russia and the USA is highlighted. A special attention is paid to the relationships of the US and NATO with the three South Caucasus republics. The issue of energy security and transportation of energy resources through South Caucasus is seen as central to the conflict of interests of the big geopolitical players . Justified is the understanding that the security environment in South Caucasus is strongly affected by and has lastingly deteriorated as a result of the Ukrainian crisis , the annexation of Crimea and the conflict in Donbas . Another factor behind the complex relationships among the South Caucasus states is their multi-vector foreign policy orientation and mutually exclusive interests. Georgia appears to be a clear enemy of Russia and makes efforts, by all means, to come closer to the time when it will accomplish its national goals for membership in NATO and the European Union . Armenia in turn is a strategic ally of Russia and a diligent member of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation, dominated by Moscow. Azerbaijan pursues a balanced foreign policy, striving to maintain equally good relations with Russia and with the US and neighbouring Turkey. In summary it is difficult to find clear positive signs of stability in South Caucasus in the current situation. Russia will continue its efforts to assert its political influence , where this is possible. Against the ongoing situation with the conflicts in the Middle East, in the Black Sea region, in Afghanistan and the complex set-up in the relationships between the US and Iran, the US and NATO policies are expected to intensify further. A conclusion is drawn that the existing status-quo in the relationships of the global geopolitical players would probably develop negatively in the foreseeable future and confrontation will continue for a long period of time .

Maritime border security and challenges for Indonesia

The issue of border security had drawn much attention for being an important part of a country’s national security and sovereignty, in addition to its dynamic and complex nature. Indonesia as an archipelagic country faces many problems and challenges in its maritime border areas, in addition to the problems of unresolved state borders with its neighboring countries. Indonesia also faces various trans-boundary crime actions near the maritime border areas. This study aimed at developing a conceptual framework of maritime border security and explaining the challenges of maritime border security. This study applied the qualitative approach by focusing on secondary data. The secondary data were obtained by means of analyses of documents, books, journals, magazines, bulletins and newspaper, including internet sources that were relevant with this study. The findings of this study show that Indonesia faced dynamic and complex problems of maritime border security, not only the problems of unsettled borders with several neighboring countries, but also many trans-boundary criminal activities in its maritime border areas. The problems of overlapping regulations and institutions added up to the problems to cope with the problems of maritime border security. This study recommends that the government of Indonesia needs to intensify the border diplomacy regarding the maritime borders with the neighboring countries in order to reach delimitation agreements of its maritime border. Further, the government of Indonesia should do immediate reorganization of regulations and institutions of maritime border security to handle all forms of trans-boundary crimes. K eywords : border, limology, maritime border security, neighboring countries, sovereignty, trans-boundary crime

Кордони і транскордонні процеси: новітні тенденції державно-просторових розмежувань (публікується англійською мовою)

States and borders are unstable both in terms of content and form. Therefore, there are no eternal powers, and there are no eternal borders. These postulates are true being confi rmed both by history and modernity. The so-called “hybrid wars” became an important element of the unprecedented exacerbation of the entire system of international relations. Massive information subversions distributing fake information were staged. Cyber att acks from abroad pose an increasing threat to the security of states. From time to time there are terrible terrorist att acks that are usually inspired by cross-border extremist organizations. The phenomenon of state-space demarcation and their associated phenomena is refl ected in two main, dichotomous concepts: borders and transborder processes. Due to the complexity of the research object the circle of scientists is more and more aware of the need to transfer theoretical and practical developments of the problems of borders and transborder processes to a qualitatively new level – from predominantly mono-scientifi c analysis to interdisciplinary research. In this article through the prism of sociological analysis the essence and forms of existence of modern borders and transborder processes are revealed. Identifi ed the newest tendency towards «blurring», and even a complete leveling of the barrier function of borders, in connection with the transformation of the nature of cross-border activities. In this regard, the necessity of introducing into the scientifi c circle the concept of «interstate spatial phenomena» with its subsequent political and legal implementation. The author outlines the range of the most important theoretical, methodological and empirical problems of sociological analysis of borders and transborder processes in their newest form and presents their own vision of scientifi c and practical ways of solving these problems. Particular att ention is paid to the urgency of the issue of borders and their delineation for Ukraine, which faced today the task of restoring its territorial integrity and control abroad in the East. There were also serious problems in the West, in relations between Ukraine, Poland and Hungary.

İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin İran Politikası

Avrupa'da yayın yapan bir aydın muhalefeti olarak yola çıkan ve sonunda ülke yönetimini bütünüyle ele alan İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti, Osmanlı Devleti'nin kadim komşusu İran ile kendi iç değişimlerine paralel ilişkiler geliştirmiştir. Başlangıçta yalnızca II. Abdülhamid'e atfedilen sorunlarla sınırlı bir bakış gözlenirken, sonraki yıllarda II. Abdülhamid'in politikasına benzer bir İttihad-ı İslam söylemi ve ardından siyasi dayanışma ve kurtuluş motifl erinin ön plana çıkacağı politik bir üslup belirlenmiştir. Özellikle Settar Han öncülüğünde Tebriz'de yürütülen direniş, İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti ile İran'lı Meşrutiyetçiler arasındaki en önemli bağı oluşturur. Ancak bu olumlu bakış açısı özellikle sınır sorunları gündeme geldiğinde sorun çözücü olmaktan uzak kalmıştır. Geleneksel sınır ihtilafl arının aşılması iki ülkenin iyi komşuluk ilişkisi geliştirmenin yanında kendi siyasetleri ile ilgili farklı noktalara dokunduğundan Meşrutiyetçi dayanışma söylemi ile güncel siyasal zorunluluklar arasında sürüp giden bir mücadele yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin İran'a yönelik politikaları iki farklı bakış açısı ile ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır. Öncelikle İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin başlangıcından, 1.Dünya Savaşına kadar olan dönemde geçirdiği değişimlerin İran'a yönelik politikasının belirlenmesine olan etkileri ele alınacak, ardından İran politikasının II. Abdülhamid yönetimi ile kesişen ve ayrışan tarafl arının neler olduğuna değinilecekir. Çalışmanın kapsamı Cemiyet'in ilk yayınlarından başlamakla birlikte 1.Dünya Savaşı'nın başlangıcına kadar olan dönemdir. Çünkü bu savaş içerisinde İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin İran'a yönelik tutumları, doğrudan doğruya savaş koşulları, cephe gereksinimleri ve Alman genelkurmayının öncelikleri doğrultusunda şekillenmiştir. Bu nedenle 1914'den sonraki süreci genel savaş planlarının içerisinde ele almak gerektiğinden, çalışmada 1913 yılındaki Trablusgarp Savaşına kadar olan dönemin olayları incelenmiştir.

Проблемы работорговли и государственных границ в Европе на Венском конгрессе 1814-1815 гг.

Проблемы работорговли и государственных границ в Европе на Венском конгрессе 1814-1815 гг.

THE CONTROVERSY AROUND THE CURRENT SERBIAN BORDERS: A REAL CHALLENGE IN THE COUNTRY'S WAY TO EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP

The article “The controversy around the current Serbian borders: a real challenge in the country's way to European Union membership” provides an overview of border and territorial disputes between the Republic of Serbia and its neighbours in the Western Balkans. These problems have not been solved more than a quarter of a century. In the new EU strategy from February 2018 'A credible enlargement perspective for and enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans', it is said that Serbia and Montenegro can become members of the EU in 2025. This is possible in case that countries meet the conditions for membership and overcome their border disputes with their neighbours. A special place is given to the reasons for many unsettled border issues between post Yugoslav states. The focus is on the complex relations between Serbia and Kosovo, which should sit at the negotiating table and resolve the many controversial issues between them. One of the most important is the regulation of borders and the recognition of Kosovo's independence from Serbia. The idea of "correction" of the border between the two countries was commented, as well as the modern hostile relations between the countries. It is concluded that now an agreement between Serbia and the former Serbian province seems less likely than ever and explains why. The article sheds light on the complex border problems between Serbia and Croatia about the border of the Danube River, as well as the outstanding border issues between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conclusions are that Serbia will not be able to fulfill all the conditions for EU membership and the process of European integration of the country will be delayed.