Bone Waste Research Articles

Recycling of animal bone as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in lightweight hollow sandcrete blocks

Animal bone waste (ABW) is hazardous to the environment and necessitates a sizable area for disposal. This study aims to employ animal bone waste (ABW) in functionalised compact concrete as a partial substitution for cementitious materials, the source of which are both unswerving and appropriate for substitute preventive solutions promotes the industry’s ecological sustainability by minimizing and reducing the negative impact of the concrete industry due to the explosive usage of raw materials. As a result, this paper examines the impact of using crushed animal bones as coarse aggregates in place of sand and cement in the production of concrete. With an improved step level of 10% through cement mass, ABW was applied at a percentage range of 0 to 40%. Bone’s various characteristics in its fresh and hardened states were looked examined. A Sieve shaker machine was employed to sieve the bone after which the bone was boiled and dried to remove moisture. To evaluate whether the employed aggregates and crushed animal bone were suitable for use in concrete, a physical analysis of each was performed.

Adsorption of methyl red from aqueous solution using Bali cow bones (Bos javanicus domesticus) hydrochar powder

Beef consumption produces a lot of bone waste. Here, We prepared Bali cow bones-based hydrochar material (BCBHP) using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method. The resulting BCBHP material was then characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, and BET-BJH. Next, the BCBHP was applied to adsorb methyl red in water samples. Adsorption was carried out using a bath system. Adsorption of methyl red persisted optimum for 30 min at pH 6 at 303.15 K, with a capacity of 7.2 mg g−1. The Zeta potential of BCBHP is −24.4 mV suggesting a higher electrostatic attraction between methyl red dye and BCBHP surface. Methyl red adsorption fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Adsorption of Methyl red dye on BCBHP follows the Freundlich isotherm model and is well described by a heterolayer adsorption pattern. Thermodynamic studies show that adsorption processes are spontaneous, exothermic, and chemisorption reactions. Moreover, BCBHP has an excellent reusability performance that could be used as a promising adsorbent for dye removal in wastewater treatment.

The synthesis of ZnO/HAp Composites for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

The amount of battery waste and goat bone waste in Indonesia is very abundant; therefore, it needs further processing not to waste and pollute the environment. Battery waste has the potential as a source of ZnO and goat bone waste has the potential as a source of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Both materials are synthesized into ZnO/HAp composites which have the potential as photocatalysts to reduce the intensity of dyes in wastewater. This study aims to synthesize ZnO/HAp composites to reduce the intensity of methylene blue dyes. ZnO/HAp composites were synthesized by solid dispersion method with acetone solvent in the variation of ZnO/HAp mass ratio by 20:80; 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40; 70:30; and 80:20. The resulting ZnO particles are wurtzite minerals and hydroxyapatite particles are hydroxyapatite minerals. SEM data shows that the ZnO/HAp composite crystal morphology is in the form of chunks and hexagonal rods of non-uniform size and particle agglomeration. Synthesis of ZnO/HAp composites can reduce the intensity of methylene blue dyes by using visible light. In applying ZnO/HAp composites to the decolorization of methylene blue, several variations were made including variations in the composition of composites, the mass of composites and irradiation time. The best condition for reducing the intensity of methylene blue dyes is using ZnO/HAp composite with a ratio of 40:60 as much as 25 mg in 20 mL of 10 ppm methylene blue solution for 3 hours. The percentage of decolorization is 95.70%.

Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Fe0 for the Degradation of BTEX: Effects of Aging Time and Interfering Ions

Resolving three environmental challenges simultaneously—recycling bone waste, aggregation, oxidation of bare nZVI and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX) contamination—was conducted by fabricating a highly stable and efficient activator of peroxymonosulfate. In this work, a novel heterogeneous catalyst, ostrich bone ash-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe0-OBA) prepared by pyrolysis of animal bones and reduced Fe2+ on the surface of it, was used for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Advantageous properties such as extensive availability, low production cost, and high thermal stability make OBA an appealing carbonaceous material for heterogeneous catalysis. The TEM and SEM results revealed that the black ball-shaped nZVI particles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of OBA. The Fe0-OBA composite had a porous structure with a specific surface area of 109 m2 g−1 according to BET analysis. With BTEX as the refractory pollutant, the PMS-based Fe0-OBA system shows great degradation performance as compared to the homogeneous Fe2+/PMS system. The effects of various parameters, such as initial pH (2–9), temperature (25–45 °C), initial BTEX concentration (50–200 mg L−1), PMS dosage (0.5–1.25 mM), time of reaction (0–60 min), and Fe0-OBA dosage (0.5–5 g L−1) on the BTEX degradation, have been discussed in detail. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model can describe the BTEX degradation by the PMS-based Fe0-OBA system. The excellent stability of Fe0-OBA even after 10 years, while maintaining the degradation efficiency, shows the high potential of it in a wide range of practical applications. This study illustrated that Fe0-OBA could be an effective activator of PMS for the degradation of stubborn organic contaminants in water and wastewater.

Biochar derived from animal bone waste as an alternative bioadsorbent for an industrial tannery dye removal

Biochar derived from animal bone waste as an alternative bioadsorbent for an industrial tannery dye removal

Utilization of Fish Bone Waste for Food

This article study aims to explain the use of fishbone waste in its processed form on the daily food product, to analyze to an extent it’s strength and potential in Indonesia and identify its usage. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data sources. This research is done by reviewing and analyzing various literature data correlated to fish bone usage. From the associated data, it’s discovered that fish bone mainly used as a calcium source in wich has different value depending on the sources. The utillization of fish bone as food ingredients is mainly used as a substitute or an additive used for product improvements and still being developed to this day.

Analysis of Protein Levels in Cow Bones from Kaledo Waste from Palu City Central Sulawesi

Kaledo (donggala ox leg) is one of the famous culinary in Central Sulawesi. The number of restaurants that provide kaledo menus causes problems, due to the lack of utilization of the bone waste, causing problems in the environment. People still don't know that beef bones still contain protein. Protein serves as a form of new tissue during the growth and development of the body. This study aims to determine the protein content of beef bones from kaleo waste from the city of Palu, Central Sulawesi, which was taken randomly from a kaledo restaurant. Determination of protein content in beef bones from kale waste using the Kjeldhal method. In the results of calculations that have been carried out with three repetitions, it was found that the protein content in Repetition1 was 3.85%, Repetition2 was 3.59% and Repetition3 was 4.2%. The average protein content of beef bones from kale waste is 3.88%. The results of this study are expected to be a source of information about the protein content contained in beef bones from kaleo waste and can be used further as a substance in the utilization of bone waste.

The Effect of Adding Catfish Bone Flour on the Preference Level of Catfish Meatballs

Catfish is a commodity in great demand by the Indonesian people because it is easy to process. The utilization of fish bone waste is not optimal because many people only use meat. Fish bones can be processed into flour as a food additive with high calcium. This research aims to determine the appropriate percentage of catfish bone flour added to catfish meatballs and its effects on the preference level among the panelists. This research was conducted at the Fishery Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. This research used an experimental method with 5 treatments of adding catfish bone flour into catfish meatballs: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The assessment of the level of preference was carried out by 20 semi-trained panelists. This research observed the organoleptic attributes (appearance, aroma, taste, and texture) and physical characteristic (folding test). Statistical analysis of this research used non-parametric statistics such as Friedman test, followed by a multiple comparison test, and determined the best treatment using the Bayes method. The results of statistical analysis and Bayes showed that the addition of 10% catfish bone flour to catfish meatballs was the best treatment preferred by the panelists.

Optimization using response surface methodology for producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil using fishbone catalyst

AbstractFuel demand has increased due to motorization and industrial activities. Specially cultivated crops can be used to make biodiesel. However, certain forms of biodiesel create ethical concerns since they are derived from crops utilized as food sources. Biodiesel manufacturing technologies that are cost‐effective and environmentally friendly must be continually researched and improved if this biofuel is competitive with petroleum‐based fuels while resolving these ethical concerns. Substituting a less expensive oil like waste cooking oil (WCO) for vegetable oil for biodiesel can lower the entire production cost. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil has shown promising results. Generally, an optimal combination of temperature and reaction time is required to develop a biodiesel manufacturing method that is both long‐term and cost‐effective. One viable alternative is the methanolysis of used cooking oil utilizing fish bone waste as a catalyst. This research focuses on modeling and optimizing temperature and time‐dependent characteristics for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using fishbone as a catalyst. The results of the experiments with 6 % catalyst and with a temperature range of 55 °C to 65 °C and reaction duration between 5 minutes to 120 minutes were utilized to optimize the biodiesel manufacturing process using the response surface methodology (RSM).

Sustainable utilization of unavoidable food waste into nutritional media for the isolation of bacterial culture for the removal of heavy metals

This study aims to reuse food waste (FW) as growth media for bacterial cultures for bioremediation of heavy metal. The best natural medium was selected based on the carbon, nitrogen, and other elements. The batch culture of Comamonas terrae showed growth stability for 16 days in the pig bone medium. C. terrae showed the best growth at pH of 7.4, temperature of 35 °C, and medium concentration of 10 g/L. The C. terrae showed heavy metal (HM) removal efficiencies of Cd (52 %) Cr (63 %) Pb (62 %) and Zn (55 %). In addition, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed the bioadsorption of HM in C. terrae. The study suggests the C. terrae can efficiently remove HM and C. terrae may be used for bioremediation of HM. Therefore, pig bone waste is a cost-effective medium and a good solution for the valorization and reuse of FW in line with the circular economy.

Exploration of metal-layered double hydroxide composite material for hybrid capacitor produced by facile and efficient electrodeposition process

Manganese cobaltite (MCO) with an empirical formula Mn2−x Co1+x O4 and cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxide (CN-LDH) composite were synthesized through a dual-step electrodeposition approach. This process commenced with cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrodeposition of manganese cobaltite (MCO) on nickel foam (NF) followed by annealing in air. The next step was the CV electrodeposition of CN-LDH on MCO. The enhanced composite material MCO-2.5 @CN-LDH yielded a remarkable specific capacity of 415.9 mAh g−1 at a specific current of 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode configuration using 2 M KOH electrolyte. The electrodeposition method is credited for producing these competitive results, since the method excludes polymeric binders which would make it necessary to include conductive additives to compensate for the increased resistivity in the electrode materials. This positive electrode and the activated carbon from cooked chicken bone waste (CCBW) as the negative electrode were assembled into hybrid supercapacitor device (MCO-2.5 @CN-LDH//CCBW) using the same electrolyte. The device generated a specific energy of 55.8 Wh kg−1 corresponding to a specific power of 940.4 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1. A device stability measurement at 10,000 galvanostatic charge-discharges (GCD) at 7 A g−1 produced a capacity retention of 81.6% and coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. Owing to these promising results, the fabricated materials proved to be capable to be employed as high specific energy supercapacitor.

Cow bone-derived biochar enhances microbial biomass and alters bacterial community composition and diversity in a smelter contaminated soil

Bone waste could be utilized as a potential amendment for remediation of smelter-contaminated soils. Nevertheless, the influences of cow bone-derived biochar (CB) on soil microbial biomass and microbial community composition in multi-metal contaminated mining soils are still not clearly documented. Hence, the cow bone was used as feedstock material for biochar preparation and pyrolyzed at two temperatures such as 500 °C (CB500) and 800 °C (CB800), and added to a smelter soil at the dosage of 0 (unamended control), 2.5, 5, and 10% (w/w); then, the soil treatments were cultivated by maize. The CB effect on soil biochemical attributes and response of soil microbial biomass, bacterial communities, and diversity indices were examined after harvesting maize. Addition of CB enhanced total nutrient contents (i.e., total nitrogen up to 26% and total phosphorus P up to 27%) and the nutrients availability (i.e., NH4 up to 50%; NO3 up to 31%; Olsen P up to 48%; extractable K up to 18%; dissolved organic carbon up to 74%) in the treated soil, as compared to the control. The CB500 application revealed higher microbial biomass C (up to 66%), P (up to 41%), and bacterial gene abundance (up to 76%) than the control. However, comparatively a lower microbial biomass nitrogen and diversity indices were observed in the biochar (both with CB500 and CB800) treated soils than in the unamended soils. At the phylum level, the highest dose (10% of CB500 and CB800 resulted in contrasting effects on the Proteobacteria diversity. The CB50010 favored the Pseudomonas abundance (up to 793%), Saccharibacteria (583%), Parcubacteria (138%), Actinobacteria (65%), and Firmicutes (48%) microbial communities, while CB80010 favored the Saccharibacteria (386%), Proteobacteria (12%) and Acidobacteria (11%), as compared to the control. These results imply that CB500 and CB800 have a remarkable impact on microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in smelter contaminated soils. Particularly, CB500 was found to be suitable for enhancing microbial biomass, bacterial growth of specific phylum, and diversity, which can be useful for bioremediation of mining soils.

Recent progress on low-cost ceramic membrane for water and wastewater treatment

Great progress in the development of low-cost ceramic membranes from alternative materials have been achieved recently towards various application especially water and wastewater treatment. However, their significance has not been fully recognized and understood especially in term of their microstructural analysis such as formation of grain growth and microcracks. This review paper summarizes fabrication method, alternative materials, microstructure, wettability, mechanical properties and application of low-cost ceramic membrane. The fabrication method including slip casting, tape casting, extrusion, pressing method and phase inversion technique are described. Alternative materials used in low-cost ceramic membrane fabrication are discussed and categorized into clays, agricultural waste, industrial waste and animal bone waste. The mechanisms of morphology formation, microstructure and wettability properties are analysed. Modification strategies for the surface of low-cost ceramic membrane are discussed, and classified into modification for separation application, modification for photocatalytic application and modification for membrane distillation and membrane contactor system. Modification improves the membrane structure by changing the pore size, porosity and wettability properties of low-cost ceramic membranes. Mechanical properties of low-cost ceramic membranes are also discussed in detail towards several mechanism, like grain growth phenomenon and formation of microcracks which also considered as membrane defects. Grain growth phenomenon can be divided into normal and abnormal grain growth. Meanwhile, formation of microcracks could be occurred in single-phase polycrystalline ceramics that have anisotropic grains or biphasic polycrystalline grains. The application of low-cost ceramic membrane in seawater desalination, oily wastewater treatment, heavy metal adsorption, textile separation and photocatalytic application are reviewed. Finally, some possible opportunities and challenges for further development of low-cost ceramic membrane are pointed out.

A low-cost approach to develop silica doped Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) scaffold by valorizing animal bone waste and rice husk for tissue engineering applications

In the present study Hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) and Silica (SiO2) based scaffold was successfully fabricated for the first time by effective utilizing various waste such as animal waste bone (AWB) and rice husk (RH) as a source of HAp and SiO2 respectively. Scaffold development involved simple steps comprising of segregation of waste materials followed by sample preparation through die compaction and sintering (1000 °C and 1300 °C). Advanced characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR were employed to study the properties of the waste materials as well as the developed composite scaffold. The presence of silica from RH combines with the HAp during high temperature sintering and initiates the phenomenon of phase transformation of HAp to TCP along with the formation of a glassy phase. The extent of phase transformation increases as the wt% of RH increases. XRD analysis revealed the development of different phases. SEM microstructure shows that the addition of silica restricts the grain growth and supports the formation of crystalline glassy phase termed as Si-TCP. FTIR results confirmed the presence of phosphate, carbonate, and hydroxyl groups in the sintered samples. The porosity of the scaffold was in the range of 34–61% and the compressive strength was up to 4.1 MPa. The SEM images of scaffold dipped in simulated body fluid (SBF) shows formation of apatite layer throughout the surface. The bioactivity of the scaffold was highly influenced by the addition of silica in the HAp matrix. The apatite forming ability of the developed porous was much greater than that of pure HAp for the same incubation period. The obtained properties of the developed scaffold are comparable to that of natural bone. Thus the present work creates an opportunity to use AWB for the development of composite for tissue engineering applications.

Extraction and Characterization of Natural Calcium Phosphate Materials from <i>Lutjanus johnii</i> and <i>Lutjanus sebae</i> Fish Bone Bio-Wastes

Fish processing by-products, such as fish bone waste is usually considered as waste and will be disposed without fully utilizing it. Indeed, this by-product can serve as a cheap bio-resource for the production of high-value product, for instance, as an inexpensive source of calcium phosphate material. In this research, Lutjanus johnii and Lutjanus sebae bones were subjected to thermal calcination to yield different calcium phosphate products. XRD, FTIR and HRTEM-SAED results revealed that biphasic HAp/β-TCP mixture was obtained by heat treatment of Lutjanus johnii bone while a single-phase HAp was prepared from Lutjanus sebae bone. In addition, it was shown that both Lutjanus johnii and Lutjanus sebae bones had a merit in producing B-type carbonated composition that is advantageous for biomedical application. EDX result further corroborated the existence of inorganic elements such as Mg, Na and Sr. With their unique composition, the calcined products deriving from Lutjanus johnii and Lutjanus sebae bones can be further employed to form bioceramic scaffolds for bone engineering applications.

Autoclaving and Alkaline Hydrolysis Effects on the Particle Size and Solubility of Grouper (<I>Epinephelus</I> sp.) Nano-calcium Powder in <I>In Vitro</I> Gastrointestinal Tract Simulation

Highlight Research Autoclaving for 3x3 hours followed by alkaline hydrolysis (3x3AH) may lower nano-calcium particle size into 47.47 nm 3x3AH sample contain 30.73% calcium and 18.37% phosphorus 3x3AH sample created the best calcium solubility (26.14 %) in comparison to synthesized CaCO3 (14.34 %) Grouper nano-calcium powder includes trace quantities of organic content, such as protein and fat, which enhance calcium's solubility. Abstract Fish bone nano-calcium production may solve two challenges, providing calcium for lactose-intolerant people and recycling bone waste. Fish bone autoclaving prior to extraction reduces fat, denatures collagen, and softens bones but only few researches have compared autoclaving duration with nano-calcium product quality, particle size, and its solubility in in vitro testing. This study studied the influence of autoclaving duration followed by alkaline hydrolysis on nano-calcium characteristics to enhance calcium solubility in in vitro gastrointestinal simulation experiments. The dried grouper (Epinephelus sp.) bone was divided into four groups: 0A (no autoclaving), 3A (3 h autoclaving), 2x3A (double cycle for 3 h autoclaving), and 3x3A (triple cycle for 3 h autoclaving). Each group was followed by alkaline hydrolysis, designated as 0AH, 3AH, 2x3AH, and 3x3AH. The results showed that autoclaving for 3x3 hours followed by alkaline hydrolysis resulted in lowest nano-calcium particle size of 47.47 nm consisting of 30.73% calcium and 18.37% phosphorous. 3x3AH sample created the best calcium solubility (26.14%) in comparison to synthesized CaCO3 (14.34%). In contrast to synthetic CaCO3, grouper nano-calcium powder includes trace quantities of organic contents, such as protein and fat, which enhance calcium solubility. In vivo research should be established to study the bioavailability and influence of grouper nano-calcium powder on bone density.

Synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite from Hypopthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) bone waste by two different methods: a comparative biophysical and in vitro evaluation on osteoblast MG63 cell lines.

More than a thousand tonnes of fish bone wastes can be transformed into biomedical products annually. Alkaline hydrolysis and thermal calcification were used to create nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals from Silver carp bone wastes. Biophysical tests were used to determine the nano size and chemical composition of synthesised hydroxyapatite. Alkaline hydrolysis hydroxyapatite (AH-HAp) was 58.3nm, while Thermal calcination hydroxyapatite (TC-HAp) was 64.3nm in size, confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis studies showed Ca/P (Calcium phosphate) ratio of AH-HAp to be 1.65, whereas TC-HAp as 1.45, confirming AH-HAp to be organically rich along with a similar Ca/P ratio as natural HAp. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectra indicated HAp formation from both procedures, however AH-HAp had superior crystallinity than TC-HAp confirmed from X-Ray Diffraction spectra. MG63 osteoblast cell lines showed 91% cell viability in cytotoxicity studies and 70.1% proliferation efficiency in Alkaline Phosphatase assay, which was higher than TC-HAp. The present study shows that HAp produced via alkaline hydrolysis has better biocompatibility which enhances its applicability as a biomaterial, than HAp synthesized through thermal calcination, which tends to incinerate organic moieties.

Unique Chemistry and Structure of Pyrolyzed Bovine Bone for Enhanced Aqueous Metals Adsorption

Bone waste is a problematic slaughterhouse waste typically disposed of in landfills. The pyrolyzed product of this waste shows strong potential in mine and industrial waste water remediation and work is needed to identify chemical and structural parameters which drive performance. Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to probe carbonate (CO32−), phosphate (PO43−) and hydroxyl (OH−) environments of mineral phases and functional group chemistry in carbonaceous phase, revealing a potentially synergistic functionality between the two in bone char. CO32− and water substitutions in the mineral lattice were found to persist after pyrolysis to 750 °C, and more soluble non-apatite calcium phosphate phases were observed using second derivative analysis of the v3 PO43− band. Nitrogen-rich functional groups were found in the carbonaceous phase which are associated with complexation of aqueous metals, and ordered aromatic clusters identified by Raman spectroscopy indicate a porous carbon skeletal structure to promote metals adsorption and complexation. These results point to unique chemical and structural features of bone char which are not easily replicated by synthetic carbonated apatite or activated carbon and which contribute to the excellent aqueous metals removal power of bone char.Graphical

DESAIN BIOFLOKULAN GELATIN TULANG IKAN LELE (CLARIAS BATRACHUS) UNTUK PENJERNIHAN AIR

Coagulation-flocculation wastewater treatment is widely used because the process is simple to facilitate the sedimentation process. The coagulation-flocculation process aims to alter very small colloidal particles (smaller than 10-3) into larger particles using synthetic or natural materials. The synthetic material is preferred because it does not need to adjust the pH of the media; only small quantities required (from 1-5 ppm), the floc formed is larger, stronger, and has better settling properties. However, it has many shortcomings, including nonbiodegradable, neurotoxic, and carcinogenic properties. Gelatin can be used as an alternative bioflocculant because it has a dual function in the coagulation and flocculation processes. The gelatin production is obtained by utilizing the bone waste of catfish (Clarias batrachus) using the acid method. This study aimed to design gelatin flocculant from catfish bone waste by specifying the intended characteristics such as pH, molecular weight (Mv), non-toxic, and insoluble in neutral pH and determining the effectiveness in purifying water. The method coveredthe production of gelatin using the acid method, determining the properties of gelatin flocculants, performing test of the effectiveness for water purification using the jar test, and calculate the cost. The results showed that gelatin flocculant met the criteria for flocculants with a pH of 5.2, Mv value of 302.648 g/mol, and non-toxic insoluble in neutral pH. The jar test results showed that the administration of a gelatin flocculant dose of 40 mg/L at pH 5.5 was able to reduce the turbidity of the artificial waste from 100 NTU to 28 NTU with a turbidity removal value of 72% with estimated cost of treatment of Rp 4,000 /m3.Keywords: catfish bone waste, flocculation, gelatin flocculant, jar test, molecular weight

Acceptance Level of Spring Rolls Wrapper with the Addition of Patin Fish (Pangasius Sp) Bone Flour as a Source of Calcium

Patin is a commodity fish that is in great demand from year to year. Utilization of fish bone waste has not been done much. Patin bone waste from the fillet industry can be used as flour. Patin bone flour has a high calcium content. This study aims to determine the percentage of patin fishbone flour in the manufacture of spring roll wrapper which is the most preferred by the panelists. The method used was an experimental method with the addition of patin fishbone flour at 0%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. Observations parameters made were the level of preference including color, taste, aroma, texture and tested using the Friedman test and the Bayes method. The addition of patin fishbone powder to spring roll wrapper was significantly different in aroma and taste, but not significantly different in color and texture. The results showed that the addition of 6% patin fishbone flour was the most preferred treatment by the panelists because it had an alternative value of 7.55.