Bone Mineral Density Characteristics Research Articles

Features of Bone Mineral Density, Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism and Bone Remodeling in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations associated with multiple autoantibodies formation and deposition of immune complexes, and other immune processes. Despite significant advances in treatment, the disease remains disabling, in particular, due to increased bone fragility and low-energy fractures. The study of bone remodeling in patients with SLE should help to improve the therapy and quality of their treatment. The aim of the study. To investigate the features of bone mineral density, calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Materials and methods. The study involved 123 women with SLE aged 21-51 years. The comparison group (CG) consisted of 25 women without SLE in premenopausal status of the appropriate age. The control group included 25 practically healthy women. In order to study bone mineral density (BMD), dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine was performed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer. For the study of calcium-phosphorus metabolism (CPM), total calcium (Ca), ionized Ca, phosphorus (P) in blood and Ca, P, creatinine in daily urine, as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum were determined. Markers of bone remodeling (osteocalcin, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and isomerized C-terminal telopeptide (β-crosslaps) in serum were measured. To achieve the stated goal, the first step included the determination of bone damage prevalence in patients with the diagnosed SLE; the second step was directed towards the characterization the particular bone condition in patients with SLE based on the results of BMD, CPM indices and markers of bone remodeling assessment. Results and discussion. According to the results of DXA of the lumbar spine, 88 (71.54 %) women of the SG and only 8 (32.00 %) women of the CG had a decrease in BMD (p < 0.001). According to the mean values, the studied CPM indices of the SG patients, CG and control group wemen exposed no significant differences. Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the mean values of urinary phosphorus and in between blood PTH values in SG, CG, and control. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in SG (15.14 ± 0.80 ng/ml) than in CG (19.62 ± 0.46 ng/ml) and control (22.38 ± 1.34 ng/ml) p < 0.05. The mean value of osteocalcin in woman with SLE was significantly lower than in CG and control (11.81 ± 0.49 ng/ml versus 18.61 ± 0.75 ng/ml and 19.28 ± 1.88, p < 0.001). No significant difference were detected in between the mean values of P1NP in SG, CG and control. The mean values of β-cross laps were significantly higher in patients with SLE (0.51 ± 0.02 ng/ml) compared to GC (0.26 ± 0.02 ng/ml) and control (0.28 ± 0.02 ng/ml), p < 0.001. Conclusions. Bone mineral density, calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have peculiarities as follows: a significant decrease in bone mass in 71.54 % of patients, namely 18, 70 % - grade I osteopenia, 21.14 % - grade II osteopenia, 14.63 % - grade III osteopenia; 17.07 % - osteoporosis, increased calcium excretion, vitamin D deficiency, decreased osteoblastic and enhansed osteoclastic functions.

Characteristics of bone mineral density in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea and its association with reproductive hormones and body composition.

Bone mineral density (BMD) is typically reduced in patients with female athlete triad (FAT) and anorexia nervosa (AN). However, bone health in most patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA), who may not suffer from severe energy deficiency, has not received adequate attention in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate BMD and its association with clinical and endocrine features in individuals with FHA and to provide clinical evidence for improving bone loss and preventing osteoporosis in FHA. To assess the bone status of patients with FHA and investigate its association with various clinical and endocrinological characteristics. We retrospectively analysed 80 patients with FHA who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2022 to March 2023. The levels of reproductive hormones, including luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, oestradiol (E2 )and total testosterone (TT), were examined at the time of initial diagnosis, and a body composition analyser was used to measure body fat percentage (BF%), lean body mass (LBM)and segmental muscle/fat. Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure lumbar spine BMDand femoral neck BMDin patients with FHA, and the Z score was calculated. The study cohort consisted of 80 female patients with FHA. The average age of the patients was 24.64 ± 6.02 years, and their body mass index (BMI) was 19.47 ± 2.86 kg/m2 . The duration of weight loss was 12 (6, 24) months, while the duration of oligo/amenorrhoea was 12 (4.5, 24) months. The mean degree of weight loss was 18.39 ± 9.53%. Low BMD were present in 15% of patients with FHA at the lumbar spine and/or femoral neck; 12.5% and 10% had low bone mass at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively. The low bone mass group experienced a longer period of weight loss than the normal group [24 (16.5, 60) vs. 12 (4.5, 24) months, p = .037]. In addition, the abnormal group had a lower BMR (basal metabolic rate, BMR) [1158 ± 85 vs. 1231 ± 91 kcal/day, p = .011] and lower bone mineral content [2.15 ± 0.26 vs. 2.43 ± 0.31 kg, p = .009] than the normal group. Both LBMD and femoral neck BMD (Fn BMD) were positively correlated with BMI, BF%, LBM, and regional muscle/fat mass (all p < .05). There was also a positive correlation between LBMD and basal LH levels (p = .009) and waist-to-hip ratio (p = .034), whereas Fn BMD was positively correlated with TT levels (p = .029). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that LBM was positively associated with LBMD (β = .007, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.004-0.009, p < .001), while trunk muscle mass was positively associated with Fn BMD (β = .046, 95% CI = 0.013-0.080, p = .008). Fifteen percent of the patients with FHA exhibited low bone mass, a condition associated with prolonged weight loss. The basal LH and TT levels showed positive correlations with LBMD and Fn BMD, respectively. Meanwhile, BMR levels, BMI, BF%, and muscle mass were all positively correlated with LBMD and Fn BMD. Clinically, we should be attentive to suboptimal bone health in patients with FHA and take early screening, diagnosis and intervention measures, especially appropriate muscle mass gain, to prevent the onset of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in the long term.

Evaluation of bone mineral density and body compositions interrelation in young and middle-aged male patients with Crohn's disease by quantitative computed tomography.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) and body compositions, and the impact of body compositions on BMD in young and middle-aged male patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).MethodsPatients with CD (n = 198) and normal controls (n = 123) underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) examination of lumbar vertebrae 1–3 (L1–3). The BMD and bone geometric parameters were measured and outputted by QCT post-process software. Meanwhile, body composition parameters, including subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), lean mass (LM), and muscles mass around lumbar vertebrae were also acquired by QCT. Blood indicators [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), Ca, and P] were collected from clinical medical records. Independent t-test was used to compare these variables between the CD group and the normal control group.ResultsThere was no significant difference in age, height, and weight between the CD group and the control group (p > 0.05), indicating that the sample size was relatively balanced. Mean BMD in the CD group were lower than those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The bone geometric parameters of the CD group, including cortical area/density (Ct. Ar, Ct. BMD) and trabecular area/density (Tb. Ar and Tb. BMD), were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05), so were the body composition parameters including total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), lean mass (LM), and muscles mass (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of plasma IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and TNF-α of the CD group were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the body mass index (BMI) and serum Ca and P levels of the CD group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Through multiple linear regression analysis, Tb. BMD, VAT, Ct. Ar, LM, Ca, and IL-8 entered the regression model and revealed a significant contribution to BMD.ConclusionsPatients with CD could suffer from reduction in BMD. However, the parameters of bone geometric parameters are more sensitive and accurate than BMD changes. Among them, Tb. BMD, VAT, Ct. Ar, and LM have significant effects on BMD reduction.

Analysis of Bone Mineral Density and Bithermal Caloric Test Results in Unilateral Idiopathic Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Patients

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most frequently diagnosed type of peripheral vestibular vertigo. Studies have reported a possible association between BPPV and osteoporosis; however, there is still a lack of evidence. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) and bithermal caloric test results in patients with unilateral posterior canal idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (pc-iBPPV). BMD was measured in 65pc-iBPPV menopausal female patients and 65 healthy controls using dual-energy xray absorptiometry and then compared the T-score of BMD between the two groups. The bithermal caloric test was also performed with video nystagmography and the relationship between canal paresis, directional preponderance, T-score, and recurrence were analyzed. Lower T-scores were observed in pc-iBPPV patients compared with the normal subjects. Among 65 pc-iBPPV patients, free recurrence was observed in 38 (58.5%), single recurrence was noted in 14 (21.5%), and multiple recurrences were seen in 13 (20%) patients. The proportion of positive T-score and CP value increased with the pc-BPPV recurrence frequency. Statistically, a significant difference was found only in T-score, indicating that recurrence was raised with a decrement of T-score. The proportion of positive CP values tended to increase as BMD decreased. The decrement of BMD might be one of the pathogeneses in patients with unilateral pc-iBPPV and associated with multiple recurrences. Moreover, positive CP value cannot be regarded as a predictive factor for recurrence; however, there is a clear association between CP and BMD.

Половые особенности минеральной плотности костной ткани у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона

Актуальность. Болезнь Паркинсона (БП) — хроническое прогрессирующее заболевание головного мозга, проявляющееся сочетанием гипокинезии с ригидностью, тремором покоя и постуральной нестабильностью, а также широким спектром немоторных проявлений, сопровождается повышенным риском остеопоротических переломов. Цель исследования — изучение половых особенностей минеральной плотности костной ткани у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона. Материалы и методы. Были обследованы 89 пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона и 89 пациентов соответствующего возраста и пола без неврологической патологии. Женщины и мужчины обеих групп не отличались по возрасту, росту и массе тела. Минеральную плотность костной ткани (МПКТ) определяли методом двухфотонной рентгеновской абсорбциометрии. Результаты. Остеопороз у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона регистрировался достоверно чаще у женщин, чем у мужчин (48 и 24,3 % соответственно), и достоверно чаще, чем у лиц контрольной группы. Зафиксированы достоверно более низкие показатели МПКТ пациентов с БП в сравнении с показателями лиц конт­рольной группы: у мужчин — на уровне шейки бедренной кости, дистального отдела костей предплечья и всего скелета, у женщин — на уровне поясничного отдела позвоночника, шейки и проксимального отдела бедренной кости, дистального отдела костей предплечья и всего скелета. У женщин зарегистрированы достоверные негативные коррелятивные связи МПКТ различных регионов скелета и возраста, у мужчин связь зарегистрирована на уровне дистального отдела костей предплечья. У мужчин и женщин зарегистрированы положительные коррелятивные связи между МПКТ и индексом массы тела (ИМТ). Выводы. Результаты нашего исследования свидетельствуют, что болезнь Паркинсона способствует развитию остеопороза, но состояние костной ткани у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона имеет половые особенности, в частности, у женщин МПКТ в большей степени зависит от возраста, а у мужчин — от ИМТ.

Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Clinical Features, Bone Mineral Density Features and Medical Care Costs of Rotator Cuff Tears.

PurposeWe aim to present unsupervised machine learning-based analysis of clinical features, bone mineral density (BMD) features, and medical care costs of Rotator cuff tears (RCT).Patients and MethodsFifty-three patients with RCT were reviewed, the clinical features, BMD features, and medical care costs were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Furtherly, unsupervised machine learning (UML) algorithm was used for dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis of the RCT data.ResultsThere were 26 males and 27 females. The patients were divided into four subgroups using the UML algorithm. There were significant differences among four subgroups regarding trauma exposure, full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears, infraspinatus tendon tear, subscapularis tendon tear, BMD distribution, medial row anchors, lateral row anchors, total medical care costs, and consumables costs. We observed the highest frequency of trauma exposure, infraspinatus tendon tear, subscapularis tendon tear, osteoporosis, the highest number of medial row anchors, lateral row anchors, total medical care costs, and consumables costs in subgroup II.ConclusionThe unsupervised machine learning-based analysis of RCT can provide clinically meaningful classification, which shows good interpretability and contribute to a better understanding of RCT. The significance of the results is limited due to the small number of samples, a larger follow-up study is needed to confirm the encouraging results.

Skeletal and Bone Mineral Density Features, Genetic Profile in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: Review.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with impaired glycosylation of proteins and lipids. These conditions have multisystemic clinical manifestations, resulting in gradually progressive complications including skeletal involvement and reduced bone mineral density. Contrary to PMM2-CDG, all remaining CDG, including ALG12-CDG, ALG3-CDG, ALG9-CDG, ALG6-CDG, PGM3-CDG, CSGALNACT1-CDG, SLC35D1-CDG and TMEM-165, are characterized by well-defined skeletal dysplasia. In some of them, prenatal-onset severe skeletal dysplasia is observed associated with early death. Osteoporosis or osteopenia are frequently observed in all CDG types and are more pronounced in adults. Hormonal dysfunction, limited mobility and inadequate diet are common risk factors for reduced bone mineral density. Skeletal involvement in CDGs is underestimated and, thus, should always be carefully investigated and managed to prevent fractures and chronic pain. With the advent of new therapeutic developments for CDGs, the severity of skeletal complications may be reduced. This review focuses on possible mechanisms of skeletal manifestations, risk factors for osteoporosis, and bone markers in reported paediatric and adult CDG patients.

Characteristics Of Bone Mineral Density In College Students With Low/Normal Weight Obesity

PURPOSE: Investigate the bone mineral density(BMD) of college students, and analyze the characteristics of the BMD of low/normal obese college students. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 519 low/normal-weight students(18-23 years old), including 383 women and 136 men. The dual-energy X-ray test method was used to detect the percentage of body fat and BMD of college students. The BMD of obese people with low/normal weight was compared with those of non-obese people. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI), body fat percentage(BF%) and BMD. RESULTS: 1)Among the low-weight male college students, the whole body BMD, T-value and Z-value of the low weight obese students were lower than those of the low weight non-obese students (2.01 ± 0.22 vs 1.82 ± 0.04 g/cm2; -0.02 ± 0.15 vs -1.10 ± 0.24;-0.01 ± 0.43 vs -0.94 ± 0.64,P < 0.01);2)Among low-weight male college students, the BMD of the upper limbs, thighs, ribs, and pelvis of the low weight obese students was lower than that of the low weight non-obese students (0.68 ± 0.03 vs 0.57 ± 0.01; 1.20 ± 0.04 vs 0.96 ± 0.02;0.87 ± 0.04 vs 0.79 ± 0.06;0.78 ± 0.02 vs 0.69 ± 0.04; 0.91 ± 0.06 vs 0.77 ± 0.06 g/cm2,P < 0.01);3)Among low-weight female college students, the body BMD of the low weight obese students was lower than that of the low weight non-obese students (1.31 ± 0.29 vs 1.13 ± 0.48 g/cm2; P < 0.05);4)Among low-weight female college students, the BMD of the head, upper limbs, thighs, and trunk of the low weight obese students was lower than that of the low weight non-obese students (1.48 ± 0.57 vs 1.23 ± 0.72; 0.74 ± 0.13 vs 0.65 ± 0.20;1.07 ± 0.10 vs 1.02 ± 0.11;0.86 ± 0.07 vs 0.82 ± 0.07 g/cm2,P < 0.05); 5)In male college students, BMI was positively correlated with BMD, T-value and Z value (r = 0.694; 0.676; 0.612,P < 0.01), while BF% was negatively correlated with BMD, T-value and Z value (r = -0.523; -0.509; -0.488,P < 0.01); 6)In female college students, BMI was positively correlated with T-value and Z-value(r = 0.455; 0.261,P < 0.01), and BF% was negatively correlated with T-value and Z-value(r = -0.224; -0.225,P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low/Normal weight obese college students have poorer bone mineral density. Intervention to promote BMD in this population is of great significance for the prevention of osteoporosis.

The association of z-score with early postoperative remission and characteristics of bone mineral density in patients with cushing’s disease: Single center study

The association of z-score with early postoperative remission and characteristics of bone mineral density in patients with cushing’s disease: Single center study

Characteristics of bone mineral density and densitometry data in patients with osteoarthritis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and obesity

Characteristics of bone mineral density and densitometry data in patients with osteoarthritis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and obesity

Zinc Supplementation Increased Bone Mineral Density, Improves Bone Histomorphology, and Prevents Bone Loss in Diabetic Rat.

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a complication of diabetes, with the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and bone structure destruction. Zinc was reported has a benefit effect on postmenopausal osteoporosise, it was also has hypoglycemic effect, whether zinc was beneficial on diabetes-induced osteoporosis has not been reported. So in the present study, we established a diabetic rat model by streptozotocin injection (60mg/kg), and administered zinc sulfate by oral gavage to investigate the protective effects of zinc on DOP and the underline possible mechanism. Thirty six Sprague Dawley rats were divided into T1DM group (diabetic rats), control group (vehicle treatment), and T1DM-Zinc group (diabetic rats administered zinc sulfate 0.25mg/kg by oral gavage). The bone histomorphological parameters, serum bone metabolism markers (including ALP, OPG, RUNX 2, and RANKL), BMD, and bone marrow adipocyte numbers were detected after eight weeks of zinc sulfate treatment. The results showed zinc sulfate administration (0.25mg/kg/d) decreased blood glucose, increased the BMD, decreased serum ALP, and RANKL, increased serum OPG and RUNX 2 levels, as well as OPG/RANKL ratio of T1DM rats. Meanwhile, the bone histomorphological parameters, bone marrow adipocytes numbers were returned to be normal. The RUNX 2, and OPG mRNA expression levels in bone tissues of T1DM-Zinc group rats were increased after zinc sulfate treatment compared with the diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Those indicating that zinc sulfate can prevent DOP, the protective mechanism were mainly related to its hypoglycemic effect, bone marrow lipogenesis inhibition effect, OPG/RANKL ratio and RUNX 2 up-regulation effect.

Chronic kidney disease is associated with low BMD at the hip but not at the spine.

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the features of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with assorted kidney diseases and hypothesized that low BMD, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), would be more prevalent as kidney function decreased and would correlate with biomarkers of mineral and bone disease. DXA obtained from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, clinical, demographic, and biochemical data at the time of image acquisition were recorded. Data from 1172 patients were included in this study (81.3% women, 79.9% white, and 8.1% diabetic). Osteopenia and osteoporosis in at least one site (total hip or spine) were found in 32.7% and 20.0% of patients, respectively. As CKD progressed, the percentage of patients with normal BMD decreased, whereas the percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis increased, which was mostly due to the total hip involvement, particularly in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60ml/min/1.73m2. Older age and hyperparathyroidism were independent risk factors for osteopenia/osteoporosis at the total hip; female gender, older age, and higher iCa were independently associated with the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis at the spine. With eGFR > 90ml/min as reference, the odds ratios for osteoporosis/osteopenia at the hip were 1.51 (95% CI 1.01-2.24) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.13-3.20) for patients with eGFR 30-60 and 15-30ml/min/1.73m2, respectively. No CKD stage was significantly associated with the risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia at the spine. Our results highlighted that low BMD in patients with CKD is associated with age and hyperparathyroidism, and affects predominantly the hip.

Anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) ameliorates diabetic osteoporosis in rats.

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a systemic endocrine-metabolic osteopathy which has the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and bone microstructural destruction. Although anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (AEBR) was reported to have a beneficial effect on diabetic rats, no studies have been performed on whether black rice anthocyanins are beneficial for diabetic osteoporosis. Therefore, in this study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was established to investigate the protective effect of AEBR on diabetes-induced osteoporosis and its possible mechanism. AEBR at three doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g kg-1 d-1) were administered by oral gavage to diabetic rats for 8 weeks. The blood glucose, BMD, bone histomorphometry parameters, serum bone turnover biomarkers, bone marrow adipocyte numbers, as well as osteoprotegerin (OPG), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX 2), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) protein expression in bone and serum were detected. The results indicated that AEBR dose-dependently decreased the blood glucose, increased the BMD, and decreased the serum bone turnover markers. The bone microstructure and osteoclast numbers in bone tissues returned to normal in the high AEBR dosage group; at the same time, the AEBR dose-dependently suppressed bone marrow adipogenesis. The RUNX 2 as well as the OPG/RANKL ratio in diabetic rats' bone tissues increased significantly in the AEBR treatment group. Our results indicate that AEBR administration can ameliorate bone loss caused by diabetes; this is mainly attributed to its inhibition of bone turnover, suppression of bone marrow adipogenesis, and up-regulation of RUNX 2 and the OPG/RANKL expression ratio.

Age and gender features of bone mineral density in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Age and gender features of bone mineral density in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The characteristics of bone mineral density in men of different ages with type 2 diabetes

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)

АБСОРБЦИОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА НЕКОТОРЫХ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ ПРИ СНИЖЕНИИ МИНЕРАЛЬНОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ КОСТИ

Aim. To study the characteristics of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bone mineral density in women. Materials and methods. Quantitative computed tomography with additional quantitative and qualitative assessments was performed in 127 women of different ages without clinical signs of osteoporosis. Results. We had calculated the size and the ratio of cortical bone and spongy tissue at the lumbar vertebrae considering the density range characterized as the maximum and minimum of mineralized areas that represent not only quantitative but also qualitative state of the bone tissue. Conclusions. The obtained data can be used to assess the changes in the quality of bone in osteoporosis and osteopenia.

ABSORPTIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOME QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF BONE TISSUE STATUS ASSESSED BY A QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGES

Aim. To study the characteristics of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bone mineral density in women. Materials and methods. Quantitative computed tomography with additional quantitative and qualitative assessments was performed in 127 women of different ages without clinical signs of osteoporosis. Results. We had calculated the size and the ratio of cortical bone and spongy tissue at the lumbar vertebrae considering the density range characterized as the maximum and minimum of mineralized areas that represent not only quantitative but also qualitative state of the bone tissue. Conclusions. The obtained data can be used to assess the changes in the quality of bone in osteoporosis and osteopenia.

The characteristics of bone mineral density, erosive and destructive changes in joints of hands and feet, vertebral deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The characteristics of bone mineral density, erosive and destructive changes in joints of hands and feet, vertebral deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The characteristics of bone mineral density, erosive and destructive changes in joints of hands and feet, vertebral deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The characteristics of bone mineral density, erosive and destructive changes in joints of hands and feet, vertebral deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Different involutionary changes in bone mineral density with age in three skeletal sites in healthy Polish women

The aim of the study was to estimate the differences in bone mineral density (BMD) at three skeletal sites, with regard to age and menopausal status. The study was conducted between 2001 and 2006 in the Polish city of Wrocław and the sample was comprised of 440 healthy female inhabitants aged 40–88 years. The measurements of bone mineral density were taken at three sites: femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter major. Two bone mineral density characteristics were used in further analysis: absolute measure of bone mineral density (BMD) expressed in g/(100 mm) 2, and % of BMD of the peak value calculated for young adults (20–45, USA reference population). Pre- and postmenopausal status was defined according to occurrence of menstruation within the last 60 days. The changes in bone mineral density with age showed significantly different patterns in different skeletal sites. While the decrease in bone mineral density in the femoral neck and Ward's triangle were parallel and gradual, the changes in trochanter major were very small and between the age groups 51–55 and 71–75, nearly unnoticeable. A comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women aged 46–55, showed a significant effect of menopausal status. The average bone mineral densities in the three skeletal sites were higher in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women. The highest value of bone mineral density was found in the femoral neck, significantly lower in Ward's triangle, and a little lower (non-significantly) in the trochanter major than in the Ward's triangle. Postmenopausal women had a little higher BMD value in the trochanter major than in the Ward's triangle site.