Body Weight Increment Research Articles

Antitrypanosomal activity of hydromethanol extract of leaves of Cymbopogon citratus and seeds of Lepidium sativum: in-vivo mice model

BackgroundTrypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of both humans and animals which decreases their productivity and causes death in the worst scenario. Unavailability of vaccines, the low therapeutic index of trypanocidal drugs, and the development of resistance lead to the need for research focused on developing alternative treatment options especially from medicinal plants. The present study was aimed to investigate antitrypanosomal activities of leaves of Cymbopogon citratus and seeds of Lepidium sativum in in-vivo mice model.MethodsThe plant extracts were prepared by maceration using 80% methanol and reconstituted with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to have the desired concentration. The test doses were adjusted to 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg based on the toxicity profile. The plants extracts were administered to the respective groups of mice after the 12th day of field isolate T. congolense inoculation for seven consecutive days. The level of parasitemia, bodyweight, packed cell volume (PCV), and differential white blood cell counts were measured.ResultsThe in -vivo test results revealed that both plant extracts had dose-dependent antitrypanosomal activity. Both crude extracts showed a significant reduction in parasite load (P < 0.05), increased or prevent the fall of PCV value (P < 0.05), decreased lymphocytosis and increased neutrophil counts (p < 0.05) and improved bodyweight but significant bodyweight increment (P < 0.05) was observed only in C. citratus treated mice compared to the negative and positive controls.ConclusionThe present study concluded that the crude extracts of leaves of C. citratus and seeds of L. sativum had antitrypanosomal effects. Both plants extracts reduced parasitemia level, prevented anemia and improved bodyweight of treated mice. Comparative results from all tested parameters showed that the best activities were observed with C. citratus treated groups of mice.

Effect of sleep duration on dietary intake, desire to eat, measures of food intake and metabolic hormones: A systematic review of clinical trials.

Sleep, as well as diet and physical activity, plays a significant role in growth, maturation, health, and regulation of energy homeostasis. Recently, there is increasing evidence indicating a possible causal association between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and food consumption, energy intake, anthropometric characteristics, and appetite-regulating hormones by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic literature searches were conducted on Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2020. The search was conducted with the following words: "Sleep Duration", "Circadian Rhythm", "Sleep Disorders" in combination with "Obesity", "Overweight", "Abdominal Obesity", "Physical Activity", "Energy Intake", "Body Mass Index", "Lipid Metabolism", "Caloric Restriction", Leptin, "Weight Gain", and "Appetite Regulation" using human studies.methods RESULTS: After screening 708 abstracts, 50 RCTs (7 on children or adolescents and 43 on adults) were identified and met the inclusion criteria. In general, the findings suggested that sleep restriction may leads to a significant increment in energy intake, fat intake, body weight, appetite, hunger, eating occasions, and portion size, while protein and carbohydrate consumption, total energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient remained unaffected as a result of sleep restriction. Serum leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol concentrations were not influenced by sleep duration as well. Insufficient sleep can be considered as a contributing factor for energy imbalance, weight gain, and metabolic disorders and it is suggested that to tackle disordered eating it may be necessary to pay more attention to sleep duration.

Treatment of spinal tuberculosis in rabbits using bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with isoniazid and rifampicin

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with isoniazid and rifampicin (INH-RFP-BSA-NPs) in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis in rabbits. Methods 35 spinal tuberculosis rabbit models were grouped into three groups, including 14 in group A and group B respectively and 7 in group C.All rabbits in group A were treated by INH-RFP-BSA-NPs’s injection and in group B were treated with classic dosage form of INH and RFP, while in group C normal saline was given as the blank control. After intervention, the body weighing and CT scan, as well as concentration’s measurement of INH and RFP in blood and tissues, were performed in all rabbits at the time of the 6thweek and 12th week, respectively. Results In group A, rabbits’ weight increased by 0.44 kg and 0.27 kg within 6 weeks and 12 weeks’ treatment respectively. The bactericidal concentrations of 1.64 µg•g-1 for INH and 21.36 µg•g-1 for RFP were measured in focus vertebral body 6 weeks post-injection and six weeks later the concentrations of INH and RFP in vertebral body still maintained at the level of 1.96 µg•g-1 and 22.35 µg•g-1respectively. After 12 weeks therapy, CT-scanned showed all the necrotic tissue was replaced by normal bone tissue. In group B, all rabbits had no significant increment of body weight and 4 rabbits had paralysis of hind leg. The concentrations of INH and RFP in vertebral body and focus were much lower than group A. CT-scanned showed the focus vertebral body was only partially repaired after 12 weeks’ therapy. Conclusion The INH-RFP-BSA-NPs has the characteristics of sustained release in vivo and target biodistribution in focus vertebral body. Its therapeutic effect in rabbit spinal tuberculosis is much better than common INH and RFP.

Prophylaxis of microelementosis in rabbits using a mixture of glauconite, succinic, humic and fulvic acids and minerals

Impaired metabolism of mineral substances in the conditions of industrial rabbit breeding may cause decrease in increment of live mass, reduction of immunity, mass morbidity and death of animals. In our experiment, we studied the efficiency of using a mineral mixture to prevent the disorders in the metabolism of rabbits according to changes in morphologic, biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of blood, chemical composition of blood plasma and increments in body weight compared to the control group of animals. For the studies, we formed four groups of white New Zealand rabbits, each comprising six individuals aged 70 days with mean body weight equaling 1.99 kg. In group I, the rabbits received an aqueous form of a mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with water, rabbits of group II were given a dry form of a mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with fodder, and the rabbits of group III were intramuscularly injected with butanol fraction of humic acids. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results of the experiment indicate that the most effective prophylaxis of malfunctions of mineral metabolism in white New Zealand rabbits aged 70–95 was dry mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with fodder (group II), which was given once a day for 21-day period. We determined a positive effect of biologically active supplement on the parameters of hematopoiesis(1.25 times significantly higher level of hemoglobin and 1.14 times higher number of erythrocytes), metabolism of proteins (1.54 times significantly higher content of albumins), mineral substances (significantly higher content of inorganic phosphorus – by 1.17 times, calcium by 2.18 times, manganese by 1.39 times, zinc by 1.50 times, iron by 1.39 times and cuprum by 1.49 times), functional condition of the liver (2.04 times lower activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase), the state of the antioxidant system (lowest catalase activity) and energy of rabbits’ growth (1.20-fold increment in body weight). The results of our study indicate that using a dry form of the mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with fodder is an efficient method of preventing malfunctioning of mineral metabolism in rabbits.

Effectiveness of Dietary Pediococcus on Growth and Some Vital Biochemical Parameters in Calves

The oral use of Pediococcus (23×106 CFU/calf/day) in drinking milk once a day for one month from January till February 2020 in Holstein's calves, induced a highly significant effect on metabolic hormones, protein electrophoresis and bodyweight. Moreover, it improved the future reproductive performance of the female calves. Albumin and Gamma globulin percentages showed a significant increase in Pediococcus treated group compared to the control one. Also, there was a significant increment in insemination body weight and milk production in the treated female group compared to the control groups. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), and alpha globulin % in groups treated by Pediococcus. Besides, there was a significant decrease in insemination age and service conception in the treated female group compared to the control female groups. Moreover, there were non-significant changes in beta globulin % in the same groups compared to the control groups. Our results concluded that the use of Pediococcus (23×106 CFU/calf/day) orally in drinking milk once daily for one monthhas highly significant effects on metabolic hormones, protein electrophoresis, body weight gain in calves; moreover, it improves the future productive and reproductive performance of the female calves.

Biomimetic Recognition-Based Bioorthogonal Host–Guest Pairs for Cell Targeting and Tissue Imaging in Living Animals

Biomimetic Recognition-Based Bioorthogonal Host–Guest Pairs for Cell Targeting and Tissue Imaging in Living Animals

Methanolic Extract of Piper sarmentosum Attenuates Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats.

Obesity and hyperlipidemia are metabolic dysregulations that arise from poor lifestyle and unhealthy dietary intakes. These co-morbidity conditions are risk factors for vascular diseases. Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a nutritious plant that has been shown to pose various phytochemicals and pharmacological actions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS on obesity and hyperlipidemia in an animal model. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The groups were as follows: UG—Untreated group; CTRL—control; FDW—olive oil + 20% fructose; FDW-PS—PS (125 mg/kg) + 20% fructose; FDW-NGN—naringin (100 mg/kg) + 20% fructose. Fructose drinking water was administered daily for 12 weeks ad libitum to induce metabolic abnormality. Treatment was administered at week 8 for four weeks via oral gavage. The rats were sacrificed with anesthesia at the end of the experimental period. Blood, liver, and visceral fat were collected for further analysis. The consumption of 20% fructose water by Wistar rats for eight weeks displayed a tremendous increment in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, leptin, and reduced the levels of HDL and adiponectin as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Following the treatment period, FDW-PS and FDW-NGN showed a significant reduction in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, and leptin with an increment in the levels of HDL and adiponectin compared to the FDW group. FDW-PS and FDW-NGN also showed adipocyte hypotrophy compared to the FDW group. In conclusion, oral administration of 125 mg/kg PS methanolic extract to fructose-induced obese rats led to significant amelioration of obesity and hyperlipidemia through suppressing the adipocytes and inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. PS has the potential to be used as an alternative or adjunct therapy for obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Gene Is Important in Growth and Molting of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a vital multifunctional molecule that is widely distributed in invertebrates and vertebrates. GSK3 is a highly conserved serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase, which plays an important role in insulin, Wnt, and various signaling pathways. In this study, a GSK3 gene were identified in the genome of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and analyzed its gene structure, phylogeny, and expression profiles. The deduced LvGSK3 protein contains a highly conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase catalytic (S_TKc) domain, the LvGSK3 gene exhibited high expression in different early developmental stages, most adult tissues, and premolting stages. RNA interference of LvGSK3 significantly retarded the increment of body weight and affected the expressions of molting-related genes compared with control groups. These results will improve our understanding of the conserved structure and functions of the LvGSK3 gene and show potential applications of shrimp growth.

A Comparison Of Soft-shell Crab Production Methods: Autotomy, Herbal Extract and Natural Rearing

The world market demand for soft-shell crabs is increasing due to their delicate taste and ease of eating. However, the current production methods of soft-shell crabs (mutilation / limb autotomy) is either considered unethical or the waiting period for molting is too long. Thus, this research assessed the effect of mutilation (removal of all appendages except swimming legs), using herbal extract (Vitomolt TM ) as a stimulant for moulting, and without stimulation (control) on growth (body size and weight increment), molting period, molting percentage and survival. It was observed that mutilation method stimulated faster molting in crabs compared using herbal extracts and naturals, however, with a significantly lower increase in body size and weight. Molting rate was highest in crabs subjected to mutilation (92%), followed by those injected with than Vitomolt TM (73%) and control (52%). The survival rate of crabs subjected to Vitomolt TM was the highest (94.8%) compared to mutilation group (91.7%) and control (89.6%). Based on these results, mutilation is not recommended for soft-shell crab production due to their lower body size and weight increment (lesser profit for farmers). The use of herbal extract (Vitomolt TM ) has huge potential as a stimulant for molting in soft-shell crab production as its usage increased survival and molting rate in S. olivacea .

Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Assessment of European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L). Fruit Extract

Abstract Objectives The intake of the high dose of polyphenols might cause adverse health effects on humans, in such cases, toxicological testing may be required to ensure safe levels of intake. In the present study, acute and subacute oral toxicity studies of polyphenol-rich European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) (ECB) fruit extract were evaluated to ensure the safe use of this extract. Methods In acute toxicity, freshly prepared ECB extract dissolved in distilled water was administrated to Sprague-Dawley rats by oral gavage at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and signs of toxicity and mortality was observed. In subacute toxicity, Balb-c mice were administrated orally at 500 (low dose) and 2000 mg/kg (high dose) of ECB extract for 28 days and their mortality, clinical signs and, body weight were recorded on a daily and weekly basis, respectively. At the end of 28 days, while blood samples from each animal were taken for hematological and biochemical analysis, vital organs were taken for histopathological examination. Results In acute toxicity study, ECB extract showed no toxicological signs observed on behavioral change and body weight of rats after 14 days indicating that the lethal dose (LD50) of the ECB fruit extract might be higher than 2000 mg/kg. No death and no abnormal clinical signs were also recorded in subacute toxicity study. However, the increment in body weight of administrated high dose of ECB extract animals were significantly lower than control (P &amp;gt; 0.05). High dose of ECB fruit extract induced the level of in some hematological parameters. Even amylase and lipase values were lower than normal ranges at high dose animals, other biochemical parameters results were not significantly different from the controls. In histopathological examination, the total histopathological scores ECB extract administrated mice at both doses were showed normal histological features in many tissues compared to control. However, administrated with a high dose of ECB extract showed significant changes in kidney, liver, and adipose tissue that were alterations (edema, infiltration, and bleeding) compared to control. Conclusions These findings indicated that polyphenol-rich ECB extract might show a toxic effect at a high dose (2000 mg/kg) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ECB extract was 500 mg/kg ECB fruit juice. Funding Sources This study was supported by Yeditepe University.

Assessment on bioactive role of Moringa oleifera leaves as anthelmintic agent and improved growth performance in goats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive effect of Moringa oleifera leaves hydroalcoholic extract as a dietary feed additive on helminths load and growth performances of goats. Initially, the availability of bioactive compounds in M. oleifera hydroalcoholic extract was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which showed the presence of heneicosane (35.69%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (22.89%), heptacosane (18.26%), pentatriacontane (4.77%), and hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (3%) as predominant compounds in the leaves extract. The anthelmintic effect of M. oleifera extract (0 and 60 mL of extract animal-1) was evaluated against disparate nematodes using standard methodology. M. oleifera leaves extract exhibited significant (P = 0.002) anthelmintic activities against Trichuris sp. and Ostertagia sp. with reduced counts of eggs. A completely randomized experiment of 3 treatments comprised of 10 goats in each treatment was designed for the growth performance study. Treatments used in the present experiment were as follows: treatment 1 (T1), 0 mL of extract animal-1; treatment 2 (T2), 30 mL of extract animal-1; and treatment 3 (T3), 60 mL of extract animal-1. Growth performance parameters (body weight, daily weight gain, and feed intake values) of goats fed varied concentrations of M. oleifera extract were estimated as per standard protocols. The T2 and T3 groups' goats offered significant (P < 0.05) increment in body weight. Daily weight gain of the T2 and T3 groups' goats was also increased. Group T3 exhibited maximum feed intake value of 588, 678, 652, and 678 g d-1 at 0, 30, 45, and 60 days, respectively. Feed conversion efficiency was increased for T2 and T3 groups' goats versus T1. Findings of this study concluded that M. oleifera hydroalcoholic extract can be used not only as an effective anthelmintic agent against disparate nematodes but also as a prominent feed additive to improve growth performances of goats.

Impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on body weight: A combined systematic review and a meta-analysis

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imposed lockdowns in order to control the pandemic, had undoubtedly influenced the lifestyle of millions of people worldwide. The period of confinement, which was characterized by seizing most business activities and allowing only for e-classes at schools and universities, leading also to a lower physical activity, could have affected eating behaviors of people of all ages. In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of the first lockdown period (March–May 2020) on body weight (BW) and on body mass index (BMI) in both adults and adolescents (>16 years old). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science® and EMBASE® databases and 36 observational (35 cross-sectional and one cohort) studies were included. BW and BMI changes after/during the lockdown period were examined. BW was stated as increased in a significant part of the individuals (11.1–72.4%), although a range of 7.2–51.4% of individuals reported weight loss. A significant higher BW was observed with a weighted mean between-group difference (WMD) 1.57 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.14) in the post-lockdown period compared to the before lockdown time and higher BMI, 0.31 WMD (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.45) was identified before the lockdown period. At variance with general trends, one study in older adults (>60 years old) notably reported a significant BW loss, suggesting a higher risk for lockdown-induced weight loss and potentially malnutrition in the elderly population. Overall increments in BW are an alarming effect of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to potential higher incidence of overweight, obesity and related health-risks as well as other noncommunicable diseases. Further studies are needed to assess potential group-specific impacts, with particular regard to weight gain in younger people and risk of weight loss, malnutrition and sarcopenia in older adults.

Protective impacts of gallic acid against cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity in the ovary of rats

This study evaluates the probable effects of induced reproductive toxicity by cadmium and its amelioration by gallic acid (GA). Adult female rats were daily administered with cadmium (CdCl2) (5 mg/kg) singly or combined with GA (20 mg/kg) for 14 days to evaluate the effect on antioxidant status and ovary function using biochemical and histological analysis. Cadmium-treated rats alone revealed a considerable increment in total body weight and ovaries’ weight due to muscle wasting. However, GA + cadmium reversed considerably the tread and offered protection against cadmium-induced muscle wasting. Cadmium treatment alone decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) level, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and also increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Besides, the administration of GA alone or in combination mitigated the cadmium-mediated decrease in GSH, SOD, and CAT, respectively. Serum concentrations of estrogen (E), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were reduced significantly in cadmium-treated rats. Histopathology of the ovaries showed a considerable reduction in follicle number. GA treatment alone and CdCl2 + GA-treatment group decreased cell death of follicular cells in the ovaries of rats and increased serum reproductive hormones. Taken together, gallic acid prevented the deleterious impacts of CdCl2 on the biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and ovarian histopathological structure.

Chronic photoperiodic manipulation\xa0induced chronodisruption upregulates HSP60 during early pro-atherogenic remodeling in thoracic aorta of C57BL/6J mice

BackgroundCircadian disruption is often associated with aggravation of atherosclerosis; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherogenic initiation in normolipidemic diet remains unclear. Most of the studies done for understanding circadian disruption induced atherosclerosis have been carried out in murine model of hyperlipidemia induced atherosclerosis. The present study investigates pro-atherogenic events in response to chronic photoperiodic manipulation induced chronodisruption (PMCD) in C57BL/6J mice fed with laboratory chow diet.ResultsThe results were compared with atherogenic initiation induced by high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. The combined effects of HFHF and PMCD on atherogenic initiation were also investigated for possible synergy of both variants. The HFHF and HFHF+PMCD groups recorded increments in body weight gains and serum lipid parameters (TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL) and a decrement in HDL-cholesterol as compared to the control group. However, PMCD group recorded body weight gain similar to that of the control group, but the serum lipid parameters (TG and VLDL) were significantly elevated and the HDL levels were lowered. However, prominent hypertrophic remodeling, higher collagen deposition, and elastin derangement, along with endothelial dysfunction, its activation, and macrophage infiltration, were observed in thoracic aorta of all the three experimental groups. But the mRNA and immunoblots of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in thoracic aorta was found to be maximum in PMCD followed by HFHF and HFHF+PMCD groups.ConclusionLaboratory chow feeding coupled with photoperiodic manipulation mediated chronodisruption overexpress HSP60 that in turn plays a central role in PMCD mediated pro-atherogenic remodeling in thoracic aorta of C57BL/6J mice.

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Insulin Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

The insulin signaling (IIS) pathway plays an important role in the metabolism, growth, development, reproduction, and longevity of an organism. As a key member of the IIS pathway, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are widely distributed a family in invertebrates and vertebrates that are critical in various aspects of physiology. As an important mariculture species, the growth of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is one of the most concerning characteristics in this area of study. In this study, we identified three IGFBP genes in the genome of L. vannamei and analyzed their gene structures, phylogenetics, and expression profiles. LvIGFBP1 was found to contain three domains (the insulin growth factor binding (IB) domain, the Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor (Kazal) domain, and the immunoglobulin C-2 (IGc2) domain), while LvIGFBP2 and LvIGFBP3 only contained a single IB domain. LvIGFBP1 exhibited high expression in most tissues and different developmental stages, while LvIGFBP2 and LvIGFBP3 were only slightly expressed in hemocytes. The RNA interference of LvIGFBP1 resulted in a significantly smaller increment of body weight than that of control groups. These results will improve our understanding of the conservative structure and function of IGFBPs and show potential applications for the growth of shrimp.

Взаимосвязь инкрементов продолжительности жизни и массы тела Drosophila melanogaster с дифференциаль-ной экспрессией генов циркадных ритмов в условиях культивирования с повышенным содержанием белка

The rhythmic functioning of the molecular circadian clock in various tissues and nutrition has a significant impact on the duration and quality of life, as well as the rate of aging of organisms. It is known that body weight correlates with the expression of various genes and the risk of death at different ages. In this study, an attempt was made to identify patterns in realization of genetic information under the influence of various factors, in particular, the ability of ectopic expression of circadian rhythm genes in the fat body and muscles to influence body weight in conditions when media contain different concentrations of protein. We used transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines carrying UAS sequences in promoters of circadian rhythm genes (cry, per, tim, clk, cyc), that enhance expression, and lines that allow to induce the expression of tissue-specific GSG-311-2 (muscles) and P {Switch1} 106 (fat body). Drosophila body mass was measured on “Mettler Toledo” analytical scales, and a correlation with lifespan increments in response to overexpression of circadian rhythm genes from pre-viously published data was established. A strong correlation was found between the increments of body weight and lifespan in the case of overexpression of circadian rhythm genes in the fat body against the background of a protein-rich diet; according to Spearman, the corre-lation coefficient was 0.955. Based on the results obtained and data on the high evolutionary conservatism of the signaling pathways involved in the process (human signaling pathways are evolutionarily close to Drosophila cascades), generalizations were made regarding the negative consequences of using high-protein diets to reduce the body weight against the background of circadian rhythm disorders that are widespread in megacities.

The Livability of Bovans Brown Parent Layers Raised in Commercial Breeder Farm, Ethiopia

In order to meet its chicken meat and egg demand for its growing population and produces export surpluses, Ethiopian poultry sub-sector should move away from the traditional scavenging family poultry system (TFP) to the improved semi-scavenging family poultry system (IFP) and increase the scale of specialized poultry. The Bovans brown (BB) genetics are one of familiar exotic breed in Ethiopia. A prospective cohort study was conducted to estimate their livability and evaluate body weight and age as predictors of livability. There is direct proportional trend in body weight increment with slight difference with the standard. Both sex groups showed excellent growth with percent uniformity of 96.7% for males and 95.3% for females. Overall, 161 chickens died with the total weekly chicken death rate ranged from 0.00% to 1.79% varying from 0.00% to 3.14% in males and from 0.00% to 1.57% in females. On the other hand the percentage of cumulative mortality was 9.91% (46/510) for male chicken and 2.94 (115/4020)% for female and 3.69% (161/4530) for all. The mean mortality of chicken was 4.24 per week being 2.42 for males and 6.05 for females. The loss of female chickens exceeded that of male chickens, CV of 2.38 for the former and 1.82 for the latter. Using regression analysis, the identified significant predictors of mortality were age in weeks (Coef. = -0.78; p = 0.011) and body weight in gram (Coef. =-0.0086; p = 0.006). As both parameters get increased, mortality of chicken on the contrary got reduced. The overall livability of bovans brown breeder chicks at the end of rearing period was 96.45% (90.98% for males and 97.14 for females). Bovans brown parent stock layer chicks demonstrated excellent performance and livability.

Efek Pemberian Biskuit Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Dengan Jenis Tepung Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertambahan Berat Tubuh Mencit

The objective of the study was to know the effect of biskuit made of different flour materials mixed with catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) on the body weight increment of rat. This study was conducted from January - May 2020 under an experimental method. It used Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications: catfish biskuit processed with flour (O), tapioca (A), rice flour (B), cornstarch (C). Results showed that the administration of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) biscuit processed with different flour highly significantly influenced the weight increment of the rat.

P.560 Lurasidone in adolescents with schizophrenia: remission and recovery during 2 years of open-label treatment

Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder with an excess morbidity and mortality partly due to a higher incidence of metabolic disturbances and cardio-vascular events. The exposure to antipsychotic treatment has been observed linked to these metabolic abnormalities. This study explores the metabolic effects of aripiprazol, quetiapine and ziprasidone in drug-naïve patients with a first-episode of psychosis, at long-term. Two-hundred and two patients with first-episode of psychosis were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive quetiapine, ziprasidone, or aripiprazole. Clinical, sociodemographic and anthropometric measures, as well as lipid and glyceamic parameters, were recorded at baseline and after three years of initiating antipsychotic treatment. Body weight and BMI increased significantly after 3 years of follow-up (F = 35.0, p<0.001; and F = 37.6, p<0.001, respectively). Most of the increase in weight occurred within the first year of treatment. The proportion of patients meeting criteria for obesity (5.6% vs 25.7%; p<0.001), hypercholesterolemia (23.2% vs 41.7%; p<0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (5.8% vs 23.0%; p<0.001) increased significantly. Head-to-head comparisons between antipsychotic groups revealed that the ziprasidone group presented significantly smaller increments in weight (p = 0.034) and BMI (p = 0.020) than aripiprazole group. After 3 years of having presented a first episode of psychosis, patients show significant increments in body weight and BMI, as well as in lipid and glycaemic parameters leading to clinical metabolic disturbances. In this context, the first year is the critical period for weight gain and development of metabolic changes. In this study, ziprasidone produced smaller weight gain than aripiprazole.

The intestinal microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine is an anti-inflammatory molecule that modulates local and systemic immune homeostasis.

It is considered that intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic endotoxemia drive obesity and its related complications. However, what causes barrier dysfunction remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that the gut microbiota from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice had impaired ability to degrade dietary flavonoids, and in correspondence, the microbial-derived flavonoid metabolite desaminotyrosine (DAT) was reduced. Supplementation of DAT in the drinking water was able to counter the HFD-induced body fat mass accumulation and body weight increment. This is correlated with the role of DAT in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis to protect barrier integrity. DAT could attenuate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mucosal inflammation in a type I interferon signal-dependent manner. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of DAT-protected mice from bacterial endotoxin-induced septic shock. Together, we identified DAT as a gut microbiota-derived anti-inflammatory metabolite that functions to modulate local and systemic immune homeostasis. Our data support the notion of dysbiosis being an important driving force of mucosal barrier dysfunction and systemic metabolic complications.