Abstract
BackgroundTrypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of both humans and animals which decreases their productivity and causes death in the worst scenario. Unavailability of vaccines, the low therapeutic index of trypanocidal drugs, and the development of resistance lead to the need for research focused on developing alternative treatment options especially from medicinal plants. The present study was aimed to investigate antitrypanosomal activities of leaves of Cymbopogon citratus and seeds of Lepidium sativum in in-vivo mice model.MethodsThe plant extracts were prepared by maceration using 80% methanol and reconstituted with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to have the desired concentration. The test doses were adjusted to 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg based on the toxicity profile. The plants extracts were administered to the respective groups of mice after the 12th day of field isolate T. congolense inoculation for seven consecutive days. The level of parasitemia, bodyweight, packed cell volume (PCV), and differential white blood cell counts were measured.ResultsThe in -vivo test results revealed that both plant extracts had dose-dependent antitrypanosomal activity. Both crude extracts showed a significant reduction in parasite load (P < 0.05), increased or prevent the fall of PCV value (P < 0.05), decreased lymphocytosis and increased neutrophil counts (p < 0.05) and improved bodyweight but significant bodyweight increment (P < 0.05) was observed only in C. citratus treated mice compared to the negative and positive controls.ConclusionThe present study concluded that the crude extracts of leaves of C. citratus and seeds of L. sativum had antitrypanosomal effects. Both plants extracts reduced parasitemia level, prevented anemia and improved bodyweight of treated mice. Comparative results from all tested parameters showed that the best activities were observed with C. citratus treated groups of mice.
Highlights
Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of both humans and animals which decreases their productivity and causes death in the worst scenario
The identification was done by Mr Melaku Wondaferash (Botanist), and the report contained the local name, botanical name and its family; Teji sarCymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf- Poaceae and FettoLepidium Sativum L.- Brassicaceae, and samples were deposited with specified voucher numbers (AY1 and AY3) respectively
The result showed that hydromethanol extraction produced 15.03% yield for the plant C. citratus leaves and 16.48% from the seeds of L. sativum
Summary
Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of both humans and animals which decreases their productivity and causes death in the worst scenario. Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease caused by the genus trypanosome. The disease affects both animals and human beings. African animal trypanosomiasis causes severe economic losses in the livestock sector. Emiru et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021) 21:290 animal trypanosomiasis are influenced by an animal’s general health, as well as the strain and dose of the infecting organisms [1, 2]. Human trypanosomiasis is one of the 13 most neglected tropical diseases recognised by the world health organization. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is common in sub-Saharan Africa. Rhodesiense HAT is an acute disease that usually progresses to death within 6 months; whereas gambiense HAT has a more chronic progressive course with an average duration of 3 years [6]
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