Abstract
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are metabolic dysregulations that arise from poor lifestyle and unhealthy dietary intakes. These co-morbidity conditions are risk factors for vascular diseases. Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a nutritious plant that has been shown to pose various phytochemicals and pharmacological actions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS on obesity and hyperlipidemia in an animal model. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The groups were as follows: UG—Untreated group; CTRL—control; FDW—olive oil + 20% fructose; FDW-PS—PS (125 mg/kg) + 20% fructose; FDW-NGN—naringin (100 mg/kg) + 20% fructose. Fructose drinking water was administered daily for 12 weeks ad libitum to induce metabolic abnormality. Treatment was administered at week 8 for four weeks via oral gavage. The rats were sacrificed with anesthesia at the end of the experimental period. Blood, liver, and visceral fat were collected for further analysis. The consumption of 20% fructose water by Wistar rats for eight weeks displayed a tremendous increment in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, leptin, and reduced the levels of HDL and adiponectin as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Following the treatment period, FDW-PS and FDW-NGN showed a significant reduction in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, and leptin with an increment in the levels of HDL and adiponectin compared to the FDW group. FDW-PS and FDW-NGN also showed adipocyte hypotrophy compared to the FDW group. In conclusion, oral administration of 125 mg/kg PS methanolic extract to fructose-induced obese rats led to significant amelioration of obesity and hyperlipidemia through suppressing the adipocytes and inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. PS has the potential to be used as an alternative or adjunct therapy for obesity and hyperlipidemia.
Highlights
Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease that is widely spread across the globe and threatens the health of mankind
In this study, we investigated the effect of Piper sarmentosum (PS) toward obesity and hyperlipidemia in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in a rat model, which will be the foundation of knowledge in the development of PS as a supplementation in preventing and reducing complications associated with metabolic syndrome
The group of rats that underwent fructose induction for eight weeks experienced a significant increase in daily food intake compared to the control group (p < 0.05)
Summary
Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease that is widely spread across the globe and threatens the health of mankind. This rising epidemic depicts the extensive changes in society and behavioral patterns of communities over the past decades. Modernization, urbanization, and globalization of food markets are some of the important attributes that accelerate the progression of obesity [1]. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing other serious illnesses like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and certain forms of cancer [2]. The prevalence of obesity is at an alarming rate around the world.
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