Body Image In Adolescents Research Articles

Young adult mental health sequelae of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence.

There has been interest in the antecedents and mental health impacts of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Less is known about longer-term mental health impacts into young adulthood, as longitudinal studies with data spanning this developmental period are rare. We capitalize on mental health data collected across adolescence and young adulthood from a population-based cohort study that has been following >2000 Australian children and their families from infancy to young adulthood. This sample comprised 1,568 participants who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory drive for thinness and bulimic behavior (the severity of binge-purge patterns) subscales, and a modified version of the body dissatisfaction subscale in mid-adolescence (15-16 years), or the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in young adulthood (19-20, 23-24, and 27-28 years). After adjusting for baseline demographic and prior mental health factors (<13 years of age), all three indices of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence predicted each mental health outcome in young adulthood. Mental health risks associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior scores remained stable across young adulthood, with men having more pronounced problems associated with bulimic behavior scores than women. In contrast, mental health risks associated with adolescent drive for thinness scores diminished across this period similarly for men and women. Findings suggest that adolescent eating and body image disturbances may have long-term mental health impacts that extend into young adulthood. This underscores the need for early preventative intervention, and longer-term monitoring and support for body image and eating disturbances.

Digital dermatoses: skin disorders engendered by social media in tweens and teens.

Photograph-based social media use among children and adolescents has skyrocketed over the past decade, raising concerns about the implications for self-confidence and behavior in this population. Social media 'challenges' encourage participants to complete potentially dangerous tasks while sharing their completion of the tasks on social media. Many of these challenges affect the skin and lead to recognizable findings on physical examination. This review discusses the history of prominent social media challenges and their effects on the skin. Attention is also given to the effects of social media trends on self-confidence and body image in children and adolescents. Over the past several years, there have been several notable social media trends that can harm the skin. These include the Kylie Jenner lip challenge, salt and ice challenge, deodorant challenge, eraser challenge, fire challenge, and hot water challenge. Participation in these challenges can cause morbidity in children and adolescent that should be recognized by clinicians. Social media has become an important platform for communication and self-expression among children and adolescents. Pediatricians should remain aware of social trends in this age group and look out for cutaneous findings that may signal dangerous behavior on social media.

‘Who taught you how to hate yourself so much?’: A brief literature review on body image in children and adolescents and the case for mindful eating habits and self-compassion

‘Who taught you how to hate yourself so much?’: A brief literature review on body image in children and adolescents and the case for mindful eating habits and self-compassion

The Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS): Conceptualization, development, and psychometric evaluation among adolescents from Belgium

In this study, we aimed to offer a conceptualization of positive body image during adolescence and psychometrically examine a new scale developed to measure this conceptualization. A literature review on positive body image and adolescence was conducted, which shaped the development of the Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS). In Study 1, four focus groups (totaling 14 adolescents) from Belgium explored the content, clarity, and applicability of the PBIAS items. In Study 2, an exploratory factor analysis (N = 565; Mage = 14.9, 63.8 % girls) revealed 4 factors: body self-appreciation, body other-appreciation, resilience against media body ideals, and resilience against negative appearance feedback. This 4-factor structure was confirmed in Study 3 (N = 718; Mage = 15.2, 50.4 % girls), and gender invariance was upheld. The test-retest reliability of the PBIAS scores was partially supported in Study 4 (N = 309, Mage = 15.3, 66.3 % girls). Across studies, internal consistency was supported and construct validity (convergent and incremental) evidence was garnered. Further, the PBIAS was translated from Dutch to English to offer researchers an option for collecting data in English-speaking countries. Overall, the PBIAS is a brief measure with psychometric support that assesses four dimensions of adolescent positive body image.

The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem in female adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Low self-esteem and negative body image expose girls to many risks and damages. Cognitive-behavior counseling is one of the ways of improving body image and self-esteem. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of cognitive-behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem of adolescent girls. The English (Cochrane library, Web of sciences, EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar) and Persian (SID, MagIran) databases were searched without any time limit. The quality of included studies in terms of risk of bias was assessed using Cochran handbook and the quality of evidence was evaluated through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software. Heterogeneity of studies was analyzed by index I 2. Subgroup analysis was performed on the basis of outcome evaluation intervals (after intervention, one month and two months later). A total of 2,664 articles were accessed in different databases of which 2,655 articles were excluded and finally nine studies were systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis results on seven studies (228 participants) showed that the group receiving cognitive-behavior counseling was significantly better than the control group regarding body image (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]: 13.01; 95% CI: 10.68 to 15.34; I²=26.1%). Likewise, meta-analysis results on two studies (50 participants) showed that self-esteem was not significantly different between the group receiving cognitive-behavior counseling and the control group (SMD: 1.13; 95% CI: -0.7 to 2.32, I²=73%). Meta-analysis results of this study represent effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on body image of adolescent girls; however, since the number of studies in the field of self-esteem is low, more trials in this field with stronger designs are suggested.

Specifics of the Body Image of Adolescents with Scoliosis: A Case of Being Labeled as ‘A Scoliotic’

The body image is to be reconstructed during adolescence, which is more difficult in the case of somatic illness and social stigma. This research aimed to study adolescents' body image with scoliosis, students of a special educational institution in Ukraine socially identified with stigma as 'a school for scoliotics'. The participants (n=104) of the research were adolescents (13-15 years old) with scoliosis from the institution mentioned above (n=52, 24 males, 28 females) and adolescents without scoliosis from the same city (n=52, 24 males, 28 females). Two methods were used to collect the data: (1) Self-portraits; (2) Dembo-Rubinstein Self-Assessment Scale. The adolescents with scoliosis and labeled as 'scoliotics' face additional obstructions in their psychic body development compared to their peers. For instance, they tend to overinvest in the desired image of a healthy body and do not feel able to get it. We found the markers of four different ways to cope with the situation by the adolescents with scoliosis: (a) identification as 'a scoliotic' instead of hope to be cured soon; (b) psychological distancing from the others to preserve the desire of a more attractive body image; (c) repression or denial of the body parts which could relate to scoliosis; (d) infantilization, aimed to slow down the discovery of their maturing corporeality. Consequently, adolescents with scoliosis affected by stigma experience the gap or conflict between their current, desired and perceived realistic body image.

Body image among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer: A scoping review.

Cancer and treatment can produce temporary or permanent body changes, which may affect the body image (BI) of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer (AYAs). This evidence has not been comprehensively summarized. A scoping review was conducted to explore the available evidence on BI among AYAs and identify the definitions, theories, models, frameworks, measures, and methods used to assess BI. Databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO (via Ovid) and CINAHL and Gender Studies (via EBSCO) were searched to identify published studies from 1 January 2000 to 25 November 2019. Inclusion criteria were: qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodology; at least one BI-related measure or theme; published in English; and majority of the sample between 13 and 39 years at diagnosis and a mean age at diagnosis between 13 and 39 years. Two authors screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and data were extracted and summarized. The search yielded 11,347 articles and 82 met inclusion criteria. Articles included 45 quantitative, 33 qualitative, and four mixed-methods studies. The majority of studies used cross-sectional designs, while BI definitions, theories, models, frameworks, and measures were varied. Studies explored descriptive, psychological, physical, coping, and social factors, with BI being described most often as an outcome rather than a predictor. Theory-based research that employs a holistic BI definition and uses longitudinal or intervention study designs or a qualitative methodology is needed to better understand the BI experience of AYAs and inform the development of strategies and programs to reduce BI concerns and increase positive body experiences.

Testing modified gender-moderated exercise and self-esteem (EXSEM) model of positive body image in adolescents.

The most acceptable model explaining the associations between physical exercise and self-esteem is the exercise and self-esteem model (EXSEM). The present cross-sectional study tested the mediating role of body appreciation and physical fitness perception in the associations between physical activity and self-esteem in modified EXSEM. Overall, 1412 Lithuanian adolescents (40.2% were boys, mean age 17.0 (SD = 0.5) years) completed online questionnaires. The study was implemented in 2019 from October to December. Perceived physical fitness and body appreciation mediated the associations in the EXSEM. Physical fitness perception was directly associated with the self-esteem of girls, but not boys. Gender moderated EXSEM associations in body appreciation and perceived physical fitness showed stronger mediation effects for the adolescent girls compared to boys. Increasing physical activity, positive body image and perception of physical fitness might help to foster mental health, especially in girls.

The relationships between body image, self-efficacy, and coping strategy among Indonesian adolescents who experienced body shaming

This study aimed to identify the relationships between body image, self-efficacy, and coping strategies in Indonesian adolescents who had been victims of body shaming. A cross-sectional descriptive-correlative method as used in this study. We recruited 168 high school students in a public school in Indonesia obtained through screening body shaming with a purposive sampling technique. The results of univariate analysis were 53% of adolescents had negative body image, 56% of adolescents had low self-efficacy, 73.8% of adolescents used emotional-focused coping. There was a statistically significant relationship between body image and self-efficacy (p=0.000); as well as between self-efficacy and coping strategies (p=0.001). However, that body image was not significantly related to the coping strategies (p=0.124). Body image is linked to self-efficacy as self-efficacy is linked to the coping strategies among the Indonesian adolescents who had experienced body shaming.

The Experience as a Victim of Bullying and Body Image Perception in Adolescents

This study aims to determine the relationship between experiences as victims of bullying and the perception of adolescent body image. The hypothesis of this research is that there is a positive relationship between experiences as victims of bullying and the perception of negative body image in adolescents. Participants in this study involved 100 adolescents in Kupang City aged 15-23 years (79 girls and 21 boys) who experienced bullying in the past year. The study used a quantitative approach with a modified Forms of Bullying-Victimization scale and a modified Body Satisfaction scale. Hypothesis testing with the Pearson Product Moment correlation technique shows a correlation coefficient of 0.319* with a significance level of 0.0005 (p &lt;0.01). The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between experiences as victims of bullying and perception of body image. This study concluded that the higher the level of bullying experienced by the victim, the higher the negative body image perception was.

The longitudinal relationship between family and peer teasing in young adulthood and later unhealthy weight control behaviors: The mediating role of body image.

Sociocultural theories hold that family and peer weight-related teasing increases the risk for unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) by negatively impacting body image. Although much cross-sectional support exists for these pathways, longitudinal data are lacking. This study tested the longitudinal relationships among peer and family teasing (occurrence and perceived impact) in early adolescence, body satisfaction in late adolescence, and UWCBs in young adulthood among a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population. Data were drawn from three waves of Project EAT over a 15-year period (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), and included responses from 1,902 young adults (57% female). Among female participants, a mediated indirect pathway emerged with family weight-related teasing predicting increased engagement in UWCBs in early adulthood via poorer body image in late adolescence. In contrast, peer teasing did not predict body image or UWCBs. Among boys, the mediated indirect pathways were not significant. However, poor body image in late adolescent males predicted higher likelihood of engaging in UCWBs in early adulthood. These findings support the long-term impact of family weight-related teasing on greater risk for UWCBs among girls and young women, and poor body image as a mechanism accounting for this relationship. Moreover, the results highlight the poor body image among adolescent boys as a factor for increased risk of engaging in UWCBs in early adulthood. Pending replication in current cohorts, health promotion and prevention involving family members of early adolescents that address family weight teasing and body image are needed.

Self-esteem, Body Image, and Dating Violence in Colombian Adolescents and Young Adults.

Two objectives were formulated. The first was to establish whether characteristics such as self-esteem, perception of body image, and dating perpetration explain dating victimization. The second was to check if sex moderates the relationship between low self-esteem and dissatisfaction and if body dissatisfaction mediates the effect of low self-esteem on being a victim of dating violence (DV). A total of 1,409 Colombian adolescents and young adults, secondary and university students (42.5% men and 57.5% women), aged between 14 and 25 years (M = 18.6 years; SD = 2.8 years) participated. An explanatory correlational design was used, in which the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Revised Dating Violence Questionnaire were applied. Six regression models were proposed for both men and women, where it was found that low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, and violence exerted in the courtship explain the violence received. Also, through the moderated mediation analysis, a moderate conditional indirect effect was verified of low self-esteem in DV victimization (R2 = 0.052***) through body dissatisfaction, being higher in women than in men. The preceding points to the convenience of intervening on self-esteem and body image in adolescents and young victims of this type of violence and considering these aspects in prevention campaigns.

Psychopathological Risk Factors Associated with Body Image, Body Dissatisfaction and Weight-Loss Dieting in School-Age Adolescents.

Determining the comorbidity patterns leading to suffering behavioural eating disorders (BED) that are identifiable in the early stages of life, can help prevent their becoming chronic, as well as preventing the consequences deriving from the cost and effectiveness of intervention programs. The paper focuses mainly on analysing the association between behavioural/emotional risk factors and body image, body satisfaction and diet in school children, as well as confirming whether there are differences based on sex. Several questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and several items of Health Behaviour in School-age Children) including these variables were distributed and completed by the 647 adolescents (16 year olds on average) who took part in the research project. The findings confirmed a differentiated risk profile in adolescent girls in that they had greater prevalence of emotional symptoms as a general psychopathological trait, although this was offset with their prosocial behaviour. Additionally, the findings also allowed us to conclude that the factors that predict vulnerability to BEDs are sex, the presence of emotional symptoms and social and behavioural issues. At the end of this paper, we discuss some implications and consequences that should be taken into account for future work.

The Meaning and Factors That Influence the Concept of Body Image: Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography from the Perspectives of Adolescents

Community care nurses educate adolescents about body image, but their interventions appear to be ineffective. Body dissatisfaction predicts unhealthy behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to understand the meanings and factors that influence the concept of body image through a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies from the perspective of adolescents. Ten studies published from 2009–2019 were identified by a search of relevant systematic databases between September and December 2019. The review followed the seven steps of meta-ethnography developed by Noblit and Hare, including a line-of-argument. The synthesis revealed six themes: self-perception of body image; opinions of friends and colleagues; opinions of family; specific features of the school environment; expectations perceived across the mass-media; and strategies, practices, and self-management of body image. An explanatory model was developed that showed adolescents’ development of body image and the path towards its establishment. In conclusion, these results should be considered to implement strategies to promote a healthy body image in adolescents by community health and mental health nurses.

Perfil nutricional, satisfação com a imagem corporal e erro alimentar em adolescentes com baixo peso

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional profile and satisfaction with body image of adolescents with low weight and/or eating error. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with adolescent patients attended in the outpatient service from Institute of Hebiatry, at the Centro Universitário FMABC. RESULTS:&nbsp; Twenty-nine adolescents among 10 and 18 years were enrolled in this study (16 female and 13 male), diagnosed with low weight and/or eating error. Of the total sample, 26 adolescents answered about body image satisfaction, with 13 adolescents (50,0%) reported dissatisfaction. Three adolescents (10.3%) reached daily energy consumption recommendations. Regarding macronutrients in the daily intake, 17 adolescents (58.6%) reached protein recommendations, 4 (13.8%) reached lipid recommendations and none reached carbohydrate recommendations. Regarding micronutrients intake, 5 adolescents (17.2%) reached daily recommendations of Iron and none of the adolescents reached recommendations of Calcium. CONCLUSION: the present study aimed to provide detailed observation about adolescents with low weight and/or eating errors. The results evidenced inadequate eating habits, with a significant deficit of essential nutrients, which can lead to health issues. This information is important to develop better nutritional strategies for this public.

Relationship of sociodemographic conditions with the formation of body image in Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the associations between sociodemographic population conditions and adolescents’ body image Methods This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE, National School Health Survey), conducted in 2015. The objective was to analyze the relationship between students’ sociodemographic conditions and body image attending public and private schools in Brazil capitals and the Federal District. For the statistical analysis, we conducted the Poisson regression models, generating adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% CI. In the multiple models, sociodemographic variables were included, which were significantly associated with body image variables (p&lt;0.05) or which altered the prevalence ratios by at least 10%. Results The research involved 10,926 adolescentes The analyses showed that the older the adolescents, the greater their dissatisfaction with their body. As for the school administrative status, students from private schools were more unhappy with their image (Girls: 33% and Boys: 17.6%) and, they tend to have more attitudes to lose weight (Girls: 42.8% and Boys: 28%). The mother’s level of education causes daughters to be more dissatisfied with their bodies (33.3%) and sons showing more attitudes of wanting to lose weight (26.6%). Conclusion Sociodemographic conditions are directly and indirectly associated with the adolescents’ body image. Negative deviations in body image can result in binge eating and social disorders hindering the development of these pubescent children. The consequences of these actions become a risk to health and psychological well-being, strongly supporting the initiative of programs aimed at issues related to body image in the school setting.

Consumo de bebidas açucaradas e imagem corporal de adolescentes na Pandemia de Covid-19

The social isolation promoted by the COVID-19 pandemic changed the behavior of the population, especially teenagers who, with the closing of schools, started to stay at home. In this context, the consumption of sugary foods and beverages increased, which may lead to changes in the composition and body image of these young people. This study evaluated the consumption of sugary drinks, body image, and nutritional status of adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a quali-quantitative study, which evaluated 62 students from 13 to 18 years old in the city of Canaã-MG. The consumption of sugary drinks (volume and frequency) was investigated using the dietary recall form, the 9-image silhouette scale for body image, and anthropometric parameters for measuring nutritional status. The results show that most students were eutrophic and reported changing their consumption of types of beverages, frequency, and volume consumed. Natural juice and common soft drinks were the most consumed beverages before and during the pandemic. They also reported a high rate of body dissatisfaction due to thinness, which was reduced during the pandemic. The reason for this dissatisfaction was related to health and aesthetics, with girls exhibiting greater changes in body dissatisfaction between the period before and during the pandemic. Anthropometric parameters confirmed the high rate of body dissatisfaction among students, when compared to their classification by nutritional status. It is concluded that during the pandemic, students changed their consumption of beverages and their perception of their body image.

Effect of a school based intervention on self esteem, body image, eating attitudes and behavior of adolescents with obesity in selected schools of Kerala - A pilot study

Adolescence, by its very nature, is associated with weight gain, and many adolescents experience dissatisfaction with their changing bodies. This in turn leads to low self esteem and adoption of unhealthy and erroneous eating behaviors.

The Relationship between Body Shaming Treatment and Body Image in Adolescents in Depok

Since March 2015 at the Asian level, the number of cases of bullying that has happened to students in schools has reached 70%. The impact of body shaming will lead to poor self-assessment. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between body shaming treatment on body image among adolescents in Depok. The design of this research is quantitative with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study is 81 students in Depok. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. Data are analyzed using Chi-Square test. The results showed that there is a relationship between body shaming treatment on body image among adolescents in the Depok area, aimed at p values of 0.017 (p

Commentary: Sex differences in perceived stigmatization, body image disturbance, and satisfaction with facial appearance and speech among adolescents with craniofacial conditions

Crerand and colleagues (2020) analyzed body image in adolescents with craniofacial conditions, with particular reference to gender differences in the perception of stigma, satisfaction with one's appearance and linguistic functionality.