Blood Vessels In Lesions Research Articles

Analysis of vascular lesions of small blood vessels in biopsied kidney in patients with SLE

Analysis of vascular lesions of small blood vessels in biopsied kidney in patients with SLE

Immunohistopathology of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

The cause and nature of the lesions in small blood vessels in diabetes mellitus is still unknown. Immunological mechanisms possibly related to reactions between insulin and antibodies to insulin, or damage caused by transudation of serum proteins, have been proposed by several investigators. To study these factors, we have examined by immunofluorescence thirty-seven samples of diabetic kidney tissue, showing varying degrees of pathology from normal to end-stage. A thin linear staining of the glomerular basement membrane was seen in about half the cases for IgG and IgM, including four tissues with normal or only slightly abnormal histology, and less frequently for fibrin, β1C, albumin and ceruloplasmin. Heterologous complement did not bind in vitro to the basement membrane. Eluted IgG from the isolated glomeruli and sera from anephric diabetic patients did not react with normal glomeruli in indirect immunofluorescence. Fluorescent insulin did not bind to diabetic basement membrane and antibodies to insulin did so only exceptionally. The results are interpreted as showing that the serum proteins are found in the basement membrane as a result of nonimmunological mechanisms, possibly as a result of alteration in the glomerular basement membrane or mesan-gial dysfunction.

Studies of vascular and other lesions in KK mice.

Glomerulosclerosis was found in 47% of 64 nonobese genetically “diabetic” KK mice. The changes consisted of a progressive increase in mesangial matrix and cells forming diffuse lesions. Nodular-type lesions, made up of mesangial matrix and cells were also noted, and there were many so-called exudative lesions. The incidence of these lesions increased significantly with age. Lesions of blood vessels, interstitial tissue and tubules were not significant. — Gangrene of the extremities was found thus far in 4 KK mice. — Tolerance to oral glucose was impaired in a very high percentage of animals. Glycosuria was found mostly during the OGTT. In a significant percentage of animals serum fasting triglyceride values were high. Pancreatic immunoreactive insulin was about double and serum IRI three times higher in the KK mice. Elevated BUN levels and significant proteinuria were found in some of the KK mice.

Pathologic changes in canine renal allografts with prolonged function.

SummaryThe pathologic changes In 21 long functioning canine renal allografts are presented. A consistent finding was linear areas of tubular and gtomerular atrophy in the cortex in the distribution of interiobular blood vessels. Parenchyma between the radially directed scars was well preserved but there was sometimes glomerular alteration. This consisted of increased density of the glomerular tuft with increase in cellularity affecting both epithelial and endothelial cells. Blood vessel lesions were frequent and changes affecting arteries and arterioles are described. In 6 allografts renal function had deteriorated progressively before death in the manner of “chronic rejection”. Histology revealed accentuation of differing pathologic changes in these cases. In all allografts there was evidence of continuing pathological change.

Elastolytic enzymes in the vessel wall

If the enzymes of the elastase complex intervene in the aging processes of elastic tissue and initially control the deposition of atherosclerotic lesions in blood vessels, it must be assumed that these enzymes which are produced in the pancreas pass into the vascular tissues via the circulation. Hence experiments were conducted to determine whether or not they could be isolated from aortic tissue. Their presence was already demonstrated in blood. Small but consistently present amounts of the proteolytic elastase component (elastopro-teinase), of the mucolytic component (elastomucase), and of the elastoproteinase inhibitor could be isolated from calf and cow aorta powder. The presence of the third enzyme of the elastase complex (the lipolytic enzyme elastolipoproteinase) could not be definitely proved. The observation that the fraction which showed elastolytic activity, at the same time also inhibited the activity of highly purified pancreatic elastoproteinase could not be explained.

Focal Lipid Lesions in Blood Vessels due to Erythrocytes and Platelets

Experiments on goats and rabbits living on a normal diet demonstrated that the lipid associated with organizing thrombi became concentrated in fibrosed focal lesions of blood vessels. The lipid that appeared during organization of lysed erythrocytes underwent changes similar to those of lipid in thrombi. From this it was concluded that what red cells there were in the thrombi contributed to the total lipid present. These observations are pertinent to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, because they help to explain the thrombosis characteristically associated with this disease, and how lipid can be delivered to restricted regions of the arterial intima.

A Device for the Production of Well-Defined Lesions of Mesenteric Blood Vessels with Resulting Platelet Thrombi

SummaryWell-defined lesions of mesenteric blood vessels with resulting platelet thrombi are produced in a reproducible manner by electric stimulation with a microelectrode under microscopic observation. The apparatus used and the results obtained are described.

25. Electron Microscopic Observation of the Lesions of Cerebral Blood Vessels due to the Increased Intracranial Pressure

25. Electron Microscopic Observation of the Lesions of Cerebral Blood Vessels due to the Increased Intracranial Pressure

Vascular lesions of rheumatic heart disease with special reference to rheumatic activity.

(1) Bio-microscopy of bulbar conjunctiva and examination of the punch biopsy of synovial membrane demonstrated various kinds of blood vessel lesions in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.(2) These lesions were observed not only in cases with manifestations of rheumatic changes, but with no apparent clinical and laboratory evidence of rheumatic activity, too. It would be suggested that laboratory tests of the present day were not sensitive enough to indicate the presence of mild rheumatic inflammation. Incidious morphologic changes of blood vessels might exist in rheumatic heart disease patients with no evidence of rheumatic activity.(3) The prevention and treatment of those vascular lesions are important, since the vascular changes can accelerate aging degenerative process of blood vessels to bring out early appearance of arteriosclerosis, and can also cause various damages to organs and tissues, which are ischemic injuries due to anoxemia.

Arterial Surgery

Progress in the field of vascular surgery has been accelerated during the past two decades. Following the pioneer work of Matas and Carrel a succession of basic contributions stimulated the present advance. Diagnostic techniques which permit radiographic visualization of practically every major blood vessel in the body, discovery of suitable blood vessel substitutes, advent of hypothermia, and a practical heart pump have made possible the approach to and the practical surgical management of previously inoperable blood vessel lesions. A clearer and more precise definition of these lesions and their sequelae has followed. Criteria of operability have evolved as experience has been acquired. <h3>Patent Ductus Arteriosus</h3> Increasing experience with inthrathoracic surgery undoubtedly stimulated the approach to two major congenital defects which involve the thoracic aorta. The ductus arteriosus is a direct communication between the arch of the aorta and the left pulmonary artery which in fetal life permits the blood from

Current Status of Therapy in Cerebral Vascular Accidents

Cerebral vascular accidents may be defined as sudden events occurring in the cerebrum caused by diseases of the blood vessels. Simple description of the various types of accidents and discussion of differential diagnosis are beyond the scope of this paper. Structural and Functional Considerations Several anatomic and physiological facts are important to consider in discussing treatment of the more common types of cerebral vascular accidents. Effective collateral circulation is possible in the brain. Vasospasm, with resultant structural defects, has been observed. Sludging of blood as a transient phenomenon has been observed in superficial arteries. The humoral and nervous control of circulation in the brain is highly developed. Disease of the blood vessels in the brain is manifest clinically by the secondary effects on functioning nervous tissue. Moreover, at autopsy, the secondary effects overshadow or obscure the primary blood vessel lesion. These features complicate the evaluation of the effects of therapy,

New Method of Surgical Treatment of Blood Vessel Lesions

It was established during the Second World War that the operation to be preferred in field conditions is that of ligating vessels in the wound; vascular sutures were used in 0.8% of cases only. Ligating large vessels may lead to necrosis of the extremity and, as a rule, always results in its reduced function because of inadequate blood supply. This had been stated long ago by A. P. Krynov: "In a number of cases I had the occasion of ligating large arteries, such as the subclavian, iliac, femoral arteries, etc., and I should like to note that even if no necrosis of the extremity was observed after ligation, such patients subsequently exhibited all kinds of trophic disturbances on these extremities." From the papers published during the Second World War, I have collected the following data regarding the occurrence of gangrene after ligation of the femoral and popliteal arteries: The ligation

REPORT of Committee on Blood Vessel Banks; recommendations for the establishment and maintenance of a Blood Vessel Bank.

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of segmental lesions of large blood vessels have created a need for storage of arterial and venous grafts and plastic prostheses. It has been the purpose of this paper to describe in some detail the problems and technics of procurement, sterilization, preservation and utilization of arterial and venous grafts. Emphasis has been placed on the need for bacteriologic and histologic safeguards in the maintenance of a blood vessel bank. A brief section was devoted to the current status of plastic prostheses. Finally, it is of considerable importance to recognize the fact that this is a new field which is being subjected to intensive study and that advances and modifications will be forthcoming. Therefore, this paper represents an interim rather than a final report.

Peripheral vascular murmurs; mechanism of production and diagnostic significance.

WHILE it is commonplace in clinical procedure to hear murmurs over peripheral aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae, it is but little appreciated that murmurs may also be heard over blood vessels in a great variety of conditions, particularly those characterized by a reduction in size of the vascular lumen. This paper is concerned with such locally generated murmurs in both arteries and veins, the mechanism of their formation, and their diagnostic significance. Optically registered examples of such murmurs will be presented, correlated in some instances with the roentgenangiograms. This clinical material will be preceded by an analysis of the theory of murmur formation. A presentation of experimental murmur formation by pneumatic cuff compression in normal subjects will also be offered in explanation of the murmurs encountered in obstructive lesions of the blood vessels. There are three distinct aspects to the problem of formation and appreciation of murmurs: the mechanism of their

Specific lesions of peripheral blood vessels in rheumatism: Von Glahn, William C., Pappenheimer, Alwin M.: Am. Jour. Path., 1926, ii, 235

Specific lesions of peripheral blood vessels in rheumatism: Von Glahn, William C., Pappenheimer, Alwin M.: Am. Jour. Path., 1926, ii, 235