Abstract
Progress in the field of vascular surgery has been accelerated during the past two decades. Following the pioneer work of Matas and Carrel a succession of basic contributions stimulated the present advance. Diagnostic techniques which permit radiographic visualization of practically every major blood vessel in the body, discovery of suitable blood vessel substitutes, advent of hypothermia, and a practical heart pump have made possible the approach to and the practical surgical management of previously inoperable blood vessel lesions. A clearer and more precise definition of these lesions and their sequelae has followed. Criteria of operability have evolved as experience has been acquired. <h3>Patent Ductus Arteriosus</h3> Increasing experience with inthrathoracic surgery undoubtedly stimulated the approach to two major congenital defects which involve the thoracic aorta. The ductus arteriosus is a direct communication between the arch of the aorta and the left pulmonary artery which in fetal life permits the blood from
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