Blood Transfusion In Dogs Research Articles

La transfusion sanguine chez le chien en Tunisie, enquête auprès des vétérinaires libres-praticiens

In Tunisia, blood transfusion in dogs is practiced without any legal framework protecting the veterinary practitioner or guaranteeing the conditions for good transfusion practice. Given that the current situation of transfusion practice is unknown in Tunisia, we opted for a descriptive multicenter evaluation survey with a single cross-sectional data collection. An anonymous questionnaire was designed with Google forms and sent to 200 veterinary practitioners by e-mail between June and July 2023. Approximately one third (29.5%) of veterinarians agreed to take part in the study and completed the questionnaire. Among them, 35.6% of veterinarians had already transfused a sick dog at least once. There were inconsistencies between current practices and the rules of good practice, none of veterinarians practicing transfusion perform screening of blood-borne infections, none perform blood grouping and crossmatching. Efforts are requested to promote and organize blood transfusion in dogs in Tunisia.

Blood transfusions in dogs and cats from Portugal: a retrospective study

Transfusion medicine has experienced a great evolution in recent years. Despite its generalization in veterinary medicine, the available information related to its clinical practice is scarce.This retrospective study aimed to characterize blood transfusions of whole blood and erythrocyte concentrates in companion animals performed in Portugal.In total, 116 animals were analysed, of which 59 dogs and 57 cats. Pre-transfusion blood typing was not performed on most animals (63.8%). In the animals in which pre-transfusion blood typing was performed, most cats (96.2%) were type A and most dogs (75.0%) were DEA1 positive. After the transfusions, most of the animals survived (77.2% cats and 64.4% dogs). The survival of cats after transfusion was significantly influenced by age, and in dogs by age and origin of blood, being that older animals had lower survival and animals transfused with blood components from a blood bank had a higher survival. Survival may have been influenced by other factors such as the animal's underlying disease. The mean pre-transfusion haematocrit in cats (11.8%) was lower than in dogs (16.7%). In dogs, the mean increase in haematocrit after transfusion was 9.0%, close to the recommended 10%, whereas in cats it was 6.5%. No transfusion reactions were recorded.

Characterization of dog serum virome from Northeastern Brazil

Domestic dogs share habitats with human, a fact that makes them a potential source of zoonotic viruses. Moreover, knowledge regarding possible bloodborne pathogens is important due to the increasing application of blood transfusion in dogs. In the present study, we evaluated the serum virome of 520 dogs using throughput sequencing (HTS). The serum samples were pooled and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Our unbiased method identified prevalent canine pathogens as canine protoparvovirus 1 (canine parvovirus 2), undersearched agents as canine bocaparvovirus 1 (minute virus of canines) and canine circovirus, circular viruses closely related to viruses recently found in human samples, and new parvovirus and anelloviruses. The dog virome described in the present work furthers the knowledge concerning the viral population in domestic animals. The present data includes information regarding viral agents that are potentially transmitted through blood transfusion among dogs.

Blood Transfusions in Dogs and Cats Receiving Hemodialysis: 230 Cases (June 1997-September 2012).

BackgroundMultiple factors exist that contribute to anemia in dogs and cats receiving hemodialysis, can necessitate transfusion.ObjectivesTo describe blood product usage in dogs and cats with acute and chronic kidney disease that were treated with intermittent hemodialysis to determine risk factors associated with the requirement for blood product transfusion.Animals83 cats and 147 dogs undergoing renal replacement therapy at the Animal Medical Center for acute or chronic kidney disease.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of all dogs and cats receiving renal replacement therapy for kidney disease, from June 1997 through September 2012.ResultsBlood products (whole blood, packed RBCs, or stromal‐free hemoglobin) were administered to 87% of cats and 32% of dogs. The number of dialysis treatments was associated with the requirement for transfusion in cats (adjusted OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.13, 4.32), but not in dogs (adjusted OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95, 1.03). Administration of a blood product was associated with a higher likelihood of death in dogs (OR 3.198, 95% CI 1.352, 7.565; P = .0098), but not in cats (OR 1.527, 95% CI 0.5404, 4.317, P = .2).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVeterinary hospitals with a hemodialysis unit should have reliable and rapid access to safe blood products in order to meet the needs of dogs and cats receiving dialysis.

Uso da hemoterapia em cães na cidade de Manaus, AM

Blood transfusion is the transfer of its blood with blood products from a donor to the recipient, for temporary correction of any disability or disorder. The purpose of this study was to survey the number of requests for scholarship requests blood for blood transfusion in dogs and the reasons leading to these requests in the city of Manaus, AM. Data collection was performed at a veterinary office was located where the animal blood bank. The data were collected from the records of each blood bag and stored medical records of dogs attended the local blood transfusion applicants highlighting information regarding the primary cause of disease diagnosis, sex and place of use of the stock acquired. 101 scholarships have been requested since the creation of the blood bank. Of scholarships requested, only met 49 records, totaling 48 cases and of these, 31 were motivated by hemoparasites, 25 animals were males and 23 females and 57% of the requests were from south-central, 29% of the East and 14 % remainder distributed among the other areas of the city of Manaus. Of the total 48 cases, 29 (60.4%) died and 19 (39.4%) recovered.

Transfusion practices for treatment of dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses: 542 cases (2001-2012).

To describe transfusion practices for treatment of dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses. Retrospective case series. 542 client-owned dogs. Medical records of dogs that underwent splenectomy for splenic masses at 2 referral institutions were reviewed. Variables of interest were compared between dogs that did and did not undergo transfusion. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess associations of transfusion with death during hospitalization and with 30- and 180-day survival rates. Transfusions were administered to 240 of 542 (44%) dogs; packed RBCs were the most frequently administered blood product. On admission, dogs that subsequently received transfusions had higher mean illness severity score, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood lactate concentration, and prothrombin time, with lower mean PCV, platelet count, serum total solids and albumin concentrations, and base deficit than dogs that did not receive transfusions. Hemoperitoneum and malignancy, especially hemangiosarcoma, were more common in the transfusion group. Overall, 500 of 542 (92%) dogs survived to discharge. Dogs that received transfusions had higher odds of death or euthanasia while hospitalized and lower odds of surviving to 30 or 180 days after hospital discharge than dogs that did not. Evidence of shock, anemia, and hypocoagulability were apparent triggers for the decision to perform blood transfusion in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses and were likely attributable to hemoperitoneum and related hypovolemia. Dogs undergoing transfusion more commonly had malignant disease and had greater odds of poor long-term outcome, compared with dogs that did not undergo transfusion.

Transfusion practices for treatment of dogs hospitalized following trauma: 125 cases (2008-2013).

To describe transfusion practices for treatment of dogs hospitalized because of traumatic injuries. Retrospective case series. 125 client-owned dogs. Medical records of dogs that sustained trauma and were hospitalized for ≥ 24 hours after emergency stabilization were reviewed. Admission characteristics and transfusion-specific data were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate diagnostic utility of PCV and serum total solids concentration as predictors of transfusion in the study population. 45 of 125 (36%) dogs received transfusions. Packed RBCs were the most commonly administered blood product (42/45 [93%]). Common reasons for transfusion included perioperative hemodynamic support and treatment of shock or worsening anemia. Dogs that underwent transfusion had higher mean heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and animal trauma triage scores, with lower mean PCV, serum total solids concentration, and rectal temperature at admission than dogs that did not undergo transfusion. Total solids concentration and PCV at admission were specific but insensitive predictors of subsequent transfusion. Most (109/125 [87%]) dogs survived to hospital discharge. Significantly fewer dogs that had transfusions survived, compared with dogs that did not have transfusions. Seven of 10 dogs that received massive transfusions survived to discharge. Apparent clinical triggers for the decision to perform blood transfusion in dogs hospitalized following traumatic injury included evidence of shock or worsening anemia on admission and requirement for perioperative hemodynamic optimization. Although dogs that received transfusions had a lower survival rate than dogs that did not, this was likely attributable to greater severity of injuries in the transfusion group.

Autologous blood transfusion in dogs with thoracic or abdominal hemorrhage: 25 cases (2007-2012).

To describe the use and outcome following autologous blood transfusion (ABT) in dogs. Retrospective study (January 2007-July 2012). Private veterinary referral center. Twenty-five dogs that underwent ABT secondary to thoracic or abdominal hemorrhage. None. The hospital transaction database was searched using the keyword "autotransfusion" from January 2007 to July 2012. Data collected included signalment, body weight, etiology of hemorrhage, source and method of collection, volumes and method of ABT administration, use of anticoagulant, reported complications, and outcome. Twenty-five dogs were included for a total of 27 ABTs. Causes of hemorrhage included vascular trauma (14/25 dogs, 56%), ruptured tumor (8/25, 32%), and coagulopathy attributed to brodifacoum toxicosis (3/25, 12%). Autologous blood was collected from the abdominal (19/25, 76%), thoracic (5/25, 20%), or abdominal and thoracic cavities (1/25, 4%). Anticoagulant was added to the ABT blood in 13 of 25 (52%) cases. A median ABT volume of 29.3 mL/kg (range 2.9-406.9 mL/kg) was infused through either a 210 μm blood administration filter (21/27, 78%) or an 18 μm hemonate filter (6/27, 22%). Reported complications that may have been associated with ABT included hypocalcemia (4/17, 24%), hemolyzed serum (5/19, 26%), and prolonged coagulation times (4/5, 80%). These complications were considered of minimal clinical significance. Additional blood products were administered in 17 of 25 (68%) dogs. Seventeen (68%) dogs survived to discharge. Cause of death in the remaining cases was euthanasia or cardiac arrest secondary to uncontrollable hemorrhage. ABT is an adjunct to volume replacement in dogs with thoracic or abdominal hemorrhage secondary to vascular trauma, ruptured tumor, or anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis. ABT may be used as bridge to definitive hemorrhage control, particularly when other blood products are not available or affordable. Complications may include hypocalcemia, prolonged coagulation times, and hemolysis.

Blood transfusions in dogs and cats: blood typing and cross matching

The blood transfusion (administration of blood) is a resource of veterinary medicine with several indications. Point-of-care blood-typing methods, including both typing cards and rapid gel agglutination, are readily available. Following blood typing, cross matching is performed on one or more donor units of appropriate blood type. Cross matching reduces the risk of transfusion reactions but does not completely eliminate the risk of other types of transfusion reactions in veterinary patients. All transfusion reactions should be appropriately documented and investigated. It is, therefore, important to have in-depth technical knowledge about concepts and procedures involved in clinical blood transfusion, so that the entire procedure can be performed in the most appropriate way and with a high success rate.

Blood transfusions in dogs and cats 2. Practicalities of blood collection and administration

Part 1 of this article, published in the May issue of In Practice (volume 32, pp 184–189), described the properties of different blood products in transfusion medicine and outlined how...

Blood transfusions in dogs and cats 1. Indications

Transfusion therapy is the mainstay of supportive treatment for dogs and cats with anaemia. The commercial availability of blood and blood products for dogs has resulted in an increase in...

A retrospective study of blood transfusion in dogs from a veterinary hospital in Bangkok, Thailand

Blood transfusion is the established therapeutic method for anemic human patients and has recently become more practical in veterinary medicine. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the etiology of anemia, the effectiveness of blood transfusion, and the incidence of transfusion reaction after treatment in dogs. The data of the transfusion veterinary service at the Chulalongkorn Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CVTH) were collected from January 2005 to February 2006. The presentation, causes of anemia, hematology, and transfusion reaction of 41 dogs were summarized as frequency and percentage. The hematology data were continuously analyzed as mean, median, and range. The mean of packed cell volume before and after treatment of all dogs was 11.3 and 26.5%, respectively. The anemic causes of 41 dogs were categorized into three groups including blood loss (43.90%), ineffective erythropoiesis (34.15%), and hemolysis (21.95%). The hematology of three categorized groups was not significantly different. Acute nonhemolytic transfusion reactions were observed in 4.18% of the dogs after transfusion, and they rapidly recovered after treatment. Although transfusion treatment in dogs shows good short-term efficacy, for complete therapeutic results, long-term data need to be gathered.

Transmission of Leishmania infantum via blood transfusion in dogs: Potential for infection and importance of clinical factors

Blood transfusion is an important routine practice in veterinary medicine that generally involves the use of whole blood. Permanent blood donors must be vaccinated against viral infections that affect dogs and submitted periodically to clinical and serological examinations to detect blood-transmitted diseases. There is a very high risk of transmission of infectious agents, particularly protozoans due to their long incubation periods, subclinical persistence in infected animals and likelihood of remaining viable in bloodstocks. The aim of the present study was to identify the potential of asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic dogs for Leishmania infantum transmission as a result of transfusional practice. Nineteen Leishmania-seropositive adult dogs of both sexes and indeterminate breeds were selected as donors. The animals were classified as symptomatic, oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic after clinical examination and evaluated by ELISA, IFAT and bone marrow puncture biopsies. Whole blood and monocyte cells were collected and used for dog's serological evaluation and inoculation in culture medium as well as in hamsters. All but three dogs were positive for IFAT, ELISA and parasite demonstration in bone marrow aspirates, irrespective of their clinical conditions. Parasites were detected in 77% of the whole blood and 90% of the monocyte cultures. Six months after inoculation with whole blood or monocytes, hamsters developed infection and clinical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis, as well as positive titres measured by ELISA. These results suggest that blood donors should be monitored periodically and rigorously for Leishmania infection, to prevent dissemination of the disease through blood transfusion.

Pathological effects of intra-arterial blood transfusions in dogs.

During storage, large cellular aggregates and clots formed in venous blood but not in arterial blood. Contrary to previous opinions, the intra-arterial transfusion of blood containing aggregates and clots did not cause focal brain damage and the presence of aggregates was not essential for the post-transfusion development of cerebral petechial and other minor haemorrhages.

Homologous blood transfusion in dogs with and without heartworm infection

Morphine-pentobarbitalized dogs were transfused with homologous whole blood, and both recipient and donor dogs were examined for microfilariae and heartworms. None of the 33 dogs transfused had a fall in blood pressure, and the only detectable reaction to the homologous blood was the development of urticaria in 54% of the recipients. There was no relationship between heartworm infection and the development of urticaria. Also, handling of the blood did not enhance the development of urticaria in the experiment reported here. Further, urticaria developed in a dog receiving a transfusion by an intima-to-intima arteriovenous anastomosis. When the blood from the same donor was transfused into two recipients, one developed urticaria and the other did not, suggesting that urticaria was a result of innate differences between the plasmas of recipient and donor dogs. When a heartworm extract was injected to a group of dogs, most of them had a fall in blood pressure; however, the fall in pressure was not related to the D. immitis infection. Naturally occurring antibodies in the blood of the dog against the water-soluble fraction of a heartworm antigen could not be demonstrated.

Influence of autologous and homologous blood exchange on the bleeding volume of dogs.

ARTICLESInfluence of autologous and homologous blood exchange on the bleeding volume of dogsS Deavers, RA Huggins, and EL SmithS Deavers, RA Huggins, and EL SmithPublished Online:01 Jan 1966https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.210.1.146MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByHomologous blood transfusion in dogs with and without heartworm infectionJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 8, No. 12 More from this issue > Volume 210Issue 1January 1966Pages 146-150 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1966 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.210.1.146PubMed5903136History Published online 1 January 1966 Published in print 1 January 1966 Metrics

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION : ESPECIALLY ON THE BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN DOGS

1) Salivery types in 78 mongrel dogs were divided into two groups, namely Otype of 56 dogs (71.8%) and A' type of 22 dogs (28.2%).2) Crossmathches were done in use of dog's plasma, and the agglutinations reacted more strongly than in use of sera. The number of positive reactions was 362 in 1694 trials (21.3%) and was 304 in 847 combination groups (35.8%). Anti Aagglutinin was demonstrated in the plasma of some O'typed dogs.3) Suspension of donor's erythrocytes was injected repeatedly in recipients, and consequently the rise of antibody value was observed in 1 of 7 combination groups. The antibody might be weak anti-A.4) Micrpfilariae were detected in the peripheral blood of dogs in rate of 27.5%.5) Mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups by the crossmatching and the detection of microfilariae. Crosstransfusion and extracorporeal circulation were done, and the agglutinationreactions and infections of filariae were apparently concerned with bloodtransusionreaction in dogs.6) The bloodtransfusionreaction could be largely prevented by the preliminary examinations of salivery type, crossmatching and detection of microfilare.7) Investigation of the openheart surgery in dogs were indispensable to the progress of clinical heart surgery. Up to the present, the effects of massive bloodtransfusion in dogs were apt to be neglected. Therfore, author tried to investigate the cffects of the massive bloodtransfusion in dogs were apt to be neglected. Therfore, author tried to investigate the the effects of the massive bloodtransfusion and deviced the simplc and effecfive method of their protection.8) The causes of so-ccalled bloodtransfusionreaction in dogs were discussed.

Quantitative changes in the hemopoietins of gastric juice from dogs following repeated blood lettings and transfusions

A study was made of the hemopoietic activity of the gastric juice after repeated blood lettings and blood transfusions in dogs (4 dogs with the isolated pouches on the fundus according to I. P. Pavlov, 1 dog with Bassov's fistula). Blood letting was done repeatedly (23–25 ml of the blood per kg of body weight, once or several times a week, and in lower doses). Transfusion of erythrocytic mass or blood was conducted repeatedly — once in 1–2 weeks, 175–400 ml each time. Blood letting was accompanied by a brief rise of the hemopoietin content in the gastric juice, later alternated by a reduction (with the progress of marked anemia). The hemopoietin content rises in some cases with anemia. In conditions of artificially created post-transfusional plethora there was a rise of the hemopoietin content in the gastric juice following its brief reduction directly after the transfusion.

Serum hepatitis consequent to the transfusion of blood.

Time is required to determine the limitations of even the most brilliant discoveries in medicine. Blood transfusion is no exception. The enthusiastic announcement in 1665 of Richard Lower's demonstration of homologous blood transfusion in dogs contains his own appraisal of its significance: At least it is a comfort to our Nation and credit to our fame that Harvey became pre-eminent by first demonstrating that blood circulated inside the body. That this circulation could be extended outside the body was first discovered by me. Dr. Samuel Pepys perceived the value of Lower's demonstration in a somewhat different light: This did give occasion to many pretty wishes, as the blood of a Quaker to be let into an Archbishop, and such like. Lower's discovery, however, ended in near disaster some 2 years later when the Parisian physician, Denys, encountered a death following transfusion of lamb's blood to one of his patients. Charges

Pathologic study of intravascular coagulation following incompatible blood transfusion in dogs: II. Intra-aortic injection of incompatible blood

Intravascular thrombosis follows the injection of incompatible blood into the aorta of the dog. The thrombi form quickly and may disappear quickly. Under different experimental conditions thrombi persist in different locations. The organ or organs through which the coagulating blood circulates first receive and retain the majority of the thrombi. The functional and pathologic consequences of the injection of incompatible blood depend upon the organ or organs which are most severely involved by the clotting process. The localization of thrombi is dependent on the site and speed of injection, and the condition of the vascular bed at the time of the clotting episode. The most likely source of the clotting agent in these experiments is the hemolyzed human red blood cell.