Blood Serum Of Children Research Articles

COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF VITAMIN D: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background. Vitamin D is a significant risk factor for atherogenic disorders. It is of interest to study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the components of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and markers of chronic inflammation in different age groups. Objective. Our aim was to study association of the components of the metabolic syndrome and pro-atherogenic metabolic disorders with vitamin D levels in children and adolescents. Methods. In a cross-sectional (one-stage) study, the serum 25(OH)D level in children and adolescents was determined. The relationship between the 25(ОН)D level and the presence of the metabolic syndrome was assessed in quartile groups. Results. The study included 319 children and adolescents (49% — girls) aged 10–15 years. In the quartile I in terms of the 25(ОН)D level, higher (as compared with the quartile IV) mean level values of insulin (11.5 ± 6.3 and 7.3 ± 4.0 mmol/L, p <0.001), HOMA index (2.4 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 0.7, p <0.001), body mass index (22.6 ± 4.3 and 19.3 ± 3.9 kg/m 2 , p = 0.012), waist circumference (68 ± 11 and 61 ± 12 cm, p = 0.034), blood concentration of C-reactive protein (2.3 ± 1 and 0.9 ± 0.7 mg/ml, p <0.001), diastolic blood pressure (70 ± 7 and 65 ± 6 mm Hg, р = 0.028), uric acid (0.29 ± 0.06 and 0.21 ± 0.06 mmol/L, р = 0.021), glucose (4.8 ± 0.6 and 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L, p = 0.011), triglycerides (0.86 ± 0.37 and 0.72 ± 0.31 mmol/L, р = 0.017), and lower mean level values of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (1.38 ± 0.36 and 1.58 ± 0.31 mmol/L, p = 0.011) were noted. Multivariate regression analysis showed an independent relationship between the 25(ОН)D level, C-reactive protein level (β = -0.55, p <0.001), and HOMA index (β = -0.96, p < 0.001). Conclusion. A low vitamin D level in the blood serum in children is associated with the components of the metabolic syndrome.

АНТИОКСИДАНТНАЯ ЗАЩИТА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ ПРИ БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЕ У ДЕТЕЙ

Objective: To research peculiarities of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in children with bronchial asthma.Methods: It has taken the results of the research in 56 children aged from 5 to 14 years, who suffered with bronchial asthma (BA). Along with the general clinical examination, spirometry were used to identify respiratory function, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase contents in blood serum were analyzed. Results: Spirometry in all BA patients from attack of disease up to attack-free interval showed increasing of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (from 61.5±3.70% to 84.3±5.33%) and maximum voluntary ventilation (from 59.1±4.21% to 81.7±6.31%), and decreasing of residual volume (from 117.4±6.01% to 93.1±5.25%) . Biochemical studies revealed increase in the content of MDA (3.2±0.04), reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (10.7±0.2) and reduced content of ascorbic acid (57.6±0.28) in blood serum in children with BA. Conclusion: At the time of attacks in children lipid peroxidation processes are intensified and followed by increasing development of lipid peroxidation products (MDA), depletion of antioxidant system in blood serum, lower activity of superoxide dismutase, and increased sialic acid, which facilitates development of immune-inflammatory process in the bronchopulmonary system. Administration of Mexidol in children with BA led to earlier elimination of the key clinical and paraclinical implications such as: elimination of asthma attacks, disappearance of pulmonary rale, improved respiratory function parameters, and indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in the blood serum. Keywords: Bronchial asthma, children, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants.

CONTENT OF PENTRAXIN-3 AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN BLOOD SERUM OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SUFFERING FROM RESPIRATORY TUBERCULOSIS WITH DESTRUCTION AND MINOR FORMS OF THE DISEASE

The study investigated the dynamic changes in the content of pentraxin-3 and C-Reactive Protein in blood serum of children and adolescents suffering from respiratory tuberculosis with destruction and minor tuberculous changes in chest lymph nodes and lungs (minor forms). Level of PTX3 in tuberculosis patients with destructive lesions confidently reduced by the 6th month of treatment (end of the intensive phase of treatment): from 3 285.2 ± 387.1 down to 1 280.0 ± 65.4 pg/ml In the group ofthose with minor forms oftuberculosis the content of PTX3 confidently increased after 6 months of treatment (completion of the main course of chemotherapy): from 2 990.0 ± 330.3 down 5 329.7 ± 421.3 pg/ml. Such changes of PTX3 in this group were observed for the first time and it had not been described before. It is possible that the increase of PTX3 level after completion of chemotherapy course is temporary and it is related to activation of the lung tissue healing. Content of C-Reactive Protein before treatment start was typically higher in those with destructive lesions and it confidently reduced in 6 months of chemotherapy in the patients from this group (from 15.7 ± 2.9 down to 5.95 ± 1.2 mg/l) and remained unchanged in the patients with minor forms of tuberculosis (4.5 ± 1.1; 2.9 ± 0.1 mg/l).

Вміст 25-гідроксихолекальциферолу в сироватці крові дітей з ювенільним ревматоїдним артритом

Вміст 25-гідроксихолекальциферолу в сироватці крові дітей з ювенільним ревматоїдним артритом

State of humoral link of immune system in children with mono- and mixed-variants of rotavirus infection

Connection of an immune system with infection agents defines the further development of infectious diseases especially rotavirus infection (RVI). The state of immune system before the beginning of disease and an adequacy of immune answer to causative agent defines the possibility of disease and its heaviness, duration of an acute period, cyclicity, time of pathogens elimination and period of reconvalescence. The humoral link is one of important components of immune system. Methods . 96 children 1 month-5 years old with acute intestinal infections of rotavirus etiology were under observation. 51 children with mono-variant of rotavirus infection formed the 1 group. The 11 group included 45 patients with mixed-variant of rotavirus infection. The control group included 32 practically healthy children. The research was carried out at the high point of disease (1–3 day) and in period of reconvalescence. (5–6 day). The study of humoral link of immunity was carried out using the method of radial immunodiffusion in agar on Mancini G. Results . At comparison of indicators of the humoral link of immune system in children with mono- and mixed-variants of RVI at admission to hospital it was established that Ig М concentration in children of the 1 group was higher (р<0,05), and Ig G level in blood serum lower(р<0,05) than in the 11 group. So the study of the humoral immunity in blood serum in children with rotavirus infection revealed changes that were presented as an increase of Ig М and IgG indicators and also decrease of IgА. An assessment of an immune system after treatment within this research is characterized with an increase of IgА and IgG and decrease of IgМ. Conclusions . In blood serum of children with mono- and mixed-variants of rotavirus infection in an acute period of disease there was observed decrease of Ig А concentration and increase of Ig М і IgG. In the period of reconvalescence in children with mono- and mixed-variants of an acute intestinal infection of rotavirus etiology the humoral link of immune system is characterized with a tendency to increase of Ig М, there was no improvement on the other indicators. At comparative characteristic of the studied groups it was established that in children with mono-variant of rotavirus infection was detected the reliable decrease of immunoglobulin M concentration and increase of immunoglobulin G comparing with mixed-variant of rotavirus gastroenteritis

Reference intervals for alkaline phosphatase activity in blood serum in children. Laboratory diagnosis of hypophosphatasia

Reference intervals for alkaline phosphatase activity in blood serum in children. Laboratory diagnosis of hypophosphatasia

Concentration of Il-1β, Il-2, Il-6, TNFα in the blood serum in children with generalized epilepsy treated by valproate

BackgroundThe aim of the study was the comparison of concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα before and after valproate (VPA) treatment in blood serum in patients with generalized seizures diagnosed and treated in the Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences from January 2006 to May 2007. MethodsThe analysis was conducted in a group of 21 patients with well controlled, generalized seizures (mean age 7.7±4.7 years) before and after 4–6 months of VPA therapy. Quantitative determination IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα were performed with method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum drug concentration was determined with the use of fluorescence-polarization-immunoassay system (FPIA). ResultsThe concentration of IL-6 in blood serum of patients decreased significantly (p<0.001) after 4–6 months of VPA therapy, but concentration of IL-1β (p=0.732), IL-2 (p=0.865), TNFα (p=0.079) did not change significantly. The serum concentration of VPA in all of patients was in therapeutic range (mean 77.53±19.71μg/ml). ConclusionsThe serum level of pro-inflammatory IL-6 in patients with generalized epilepsy decreased in statistically significant way during VPA therapy, so the anti-inflammatory properties of VPA are also important for the effective control of seizure. Due to the incompatibility of reports on the influence of VPA on cytokine system in patients with generalized epilepsy, this problem needs more investigations, especially in the group of children.

G432(P) Peroxynitrite as a severity marker of hypoxic injury of the central nervous system in newborn babies

AimsTo determine the clinicodiagnostic significance of peroxynitrite in newborn babies with perinatal injuries of the central nervous system.MethodsWe examined 40 full-term newborn babies with a perinatal pathology of CNS. The...

Ocena stężeń oreksyny A w surowicy krwi u dzieci z niedoborem wzrostu

Ocena stężeń oreksyny A w surowicy krwi u dzieci z niedoborem wzrostu

Serum TNF-α levels and indicators of disease activity in children with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oJIA) in the first year of the disease.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common arthropathy in childhood. Clinical assessment in JIA patients is based on clinical examination and conventional parameters of inflammation. Regardless of the JIA form, a distinctive characteristic of JIA is joint inflammation, which is sustained by an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. A significant amount of research has confirmed elevated levels of TNF-alpha in the serum and synovial fluid of JIA patients. The aim of the study was to compare serum TNF-alpha levels and indicators of disease activity in children with newly diagnosed oJIA in the first year of the disease and to assess the diagnostic value of TNF-alpha. In a 1-year prospective study, TNF-alpha levels were measured using ELISA in serum samples for 22 oJIA patients. The control group consisted of 16 healthy children. The data were correlated with disease activity indicators and CHAQ score. Concentrations of TNF-alpha were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at time 0 [10.03 pg/mL (2.16 - 15.53) vs. 0.00 pg/mL (0.00 - 0.12); p < 0.001] and at time 2 [0.00 pg/mL (0.00 - 9.26) vs. 0.00 pg/mL (0.00 - 0.12); p = 0.014]. The analysis of changes in TNF-alpha concentrations in the study group over time showed no statistically significant differences. No correlation between concentrations of TNF-alpha and any of the analyzed indicators of disease activity and CHAQ was found. Assessment of TNF-alpha concentration in blood serum in children with oJIA has no diagnostic value in monitoring the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.

PARTICULAR OF THE BONE METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH THE EXTREMITIES’ FRACTURES

35 children with extremities’ long bones fractures of the different localization were examined. The medium age (10.5 ± 2.0) years. The control group consisted of 35 healthy children: without pathology of the supporting-motor apparatus, medium age 10.5 ± 3.0. The single study of the systemic and ionized calci-um, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline concentration and phosphatase’s activity in the blood serum was realized using automatic analyzers «Cobas 6000 SWA» (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). The forming and bone resorption process activity was appreciated according to the P1NP (N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen) content in the blood serum, osteocalcin аnd β-СrossLaps (β-isomerized carboxy-terminal cross-linking region of type I collagen) on the modular platform «Cobas 6000 SWA» (Roche Diagnostics,Switzerland). The mineral turnover’s regulation was determined by parathyroid hor-mone, thyrocalcitonin and 25(ОН)-D3 in the blood serum. The growth process activity was determined by content of the somatotropic hormone in the blood serum. Osteocalcin and somatotropic hormone de-termination was done by analyzer «Immulite One» (USА). The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out with application program package Statistica 6.0 for Windows. The distribution normalcy control was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test. Data were presented as Ме ( LQ – UQ ), where Ме is median, ( LQ – UQ ) is interquartile dis-persion. To reveal the differences between groups concerning quantitative readings the Mann–Whitney and Craskell–Wallace tests were used. The disparities were counted as statistically significant in р < 0.05. The correlation analysis was carried out by means of Spearman criterion. Children with extremities’ long bones fractures demonstrated the decrease of the bony tissue synthesis markers P1NP and calcium ions in the blood serum that speaks for the relative predominance of the resorptive activity of the bony tissue against the hypocalcaemia. There was the increase of the parathyroid hormone and somatotropic hormone levels in the blood serum in children with fractures on the back of the absence of the correlation relationship between these values and bony markers that seems to be the return of the disorders of the endocrine control of the bone-mineral turnover. The deceleration of the bony tissue synthesis may be connected with hypocalcaemia conditioned by vitamin D deficit received for most of the examined children. On the other side, rickets D is usually the cause of the secondary hyperparathyroidism that can lead to the bony resorption elevation as a whole, osteomalacia progressing and bone mass decrease and increase of the bone’s fracture risk. The up-to-date diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis of the vitamin D deficit states in children allow to decrease the osteopenia frequency and to reveal the tendency to the fractures.

USE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SERUM IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN

RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH: Inflammatory bowel diseases are among the most severe pathologies in pediatric gastroenterology, often lead to disability. Despite the similarity of the clinic, pathogenetic mechanisms, the question of the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is relevant in view of their different prognosis and treatment strategy. In recent years, in medical uses infrared spectroscopy of blood serum for the differential diagnosis of various inflammatory diseases, benign and malignant tumors. Besides finding increasing application of mathematical methods for data processing, the so-called mathematical modeling of pathological processes, allowing objectify the survey results for a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis of pathological processes. improving the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in children. 21 children with ulcerative colitis, 56 children with Crohn's disease and 34 healthy children. The method of infrared spectroscopy of serum and mathematical modeling results through multivariate entropy analysis. the obtained spectral characteristics of blood serum in children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and in healthy children, as well as "images of diseased in these pathologies". The use of this medical technology reduced the time of diagnosis, which contributes to the timely choice of rational treatment strategies and provides an opportunity to avoid the development of complications, worsening of the disease.

S-Nitrosothiols, Nitric Oxide and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) in blood serum of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and correlate the obtained data with the number of total nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and proinflammatory cytokines (PC). RSNO and NOx were determined by the Griess method and PC by ELISA. We examined 174 children of both genders aged from 6 to 17 years (mean age - 14 years) including 112 children suffering from IBD and 62 children from the control group. The results were statistically processed using Statistica 6.1. The obtained data show an increased but statistically indistinguishable RSNO number in NUC and CD. We revealed the absence of correlation between RSNO and NO and unidirectional RSNO and PC values. The obtained data of RSNO concentrations in blood serum of children with IBD suggest the participation of RSNO in IBD pathogenesis in children and an indirect correlation of the translation of nitric oxide synthase aberrant activity into RSNO.

Вміст про- та протизапальних цитокінів у сироватці крові дітей, хворих на бронхіальну астму різних ступенів тяжкості

У статті викладені результати дослідження вмісту прозапального інтерлейкіну-1 та протизапального інтерлейкіну-4 у сироватці крові дітей, хворих на бронхіальну астму, в динаміці захворювання та залежність їх рівня від ступеня тяжкості перебігу хвороби. Визначення концентрації зазначених цитокінів проведено у 86 дітей віком від 13 до 18 років. Групу порівняння становили 20 умовно здорових дітей відповідного віку та статі. Нами було встановлене значне підвищення рівнів обох цитокінів у сироватці крові, яке було найбільш виражене у період загострення бронхіальної астми, проте рівні залишались вірогідно високими навіть після проведення стандартного лікування та досягнення пацієнтами ремісії. Також була встановлена залежність виявлених порушень від ступеня тяжкості захворювання.

Lipid content in blood serum at extended burns in children of different age

Revealed peculiarities of the lipid spectrum of blood serum in children of different age groups have allowed us to determine general regularities of organism’s reaction to a severe burn trauma and to show changes in the lipid metabolism caused by age and functional state of systems and organs. Thus, in early-age children, adaptation reactions break under the conditions of long stress. In elder patients, compensatory abilities are more pronounced, which is indicative of the more adequate reaction to a severe burn injury.

RP-HPLC determination of paraoxonase 3 activity in human blood serum

The aim of the present work was to establish conditions for paraoxonase 3 (PON3) activity determination in human blood serum with simvastatin (SV) as a substrate. The activity of PON3 is considered as a good early predictor of susceptibility to premature atherosclerosis as well as of statin therapy effectiveness. The method used quantifies the SV and β,δ-dihydroxyacid simvastatin (SVA) liberated from SV after incubation with blood serum, followed by deproteinization of the reaction mixture. Separation of SV and SVA was performed on an LC(18) column by isocratic elution with acetonitrile-K-phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 (v/v, 70:30) as a mobile phase at flow rate of 1.5 ml min −1. Detection based on ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 239 nm was reliable for the simultaneous assay of SV and SVA. The applied method was sufficiently sensitive, precise and accurate for determination of low simvastatin lactone hydrolase (statinase) activity in blood serum of children (1.97–6.86 pmol min −1ml −1). The method is characterized by good linearity over the measurement range of 0.5–6 μg ml −1 (1.194–14.3 nmol ml −1). Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for SV were 3.1 and 10.4 ng ml −1, respectively. In case of SVA, LOD and LOQ were 4.7 and 14.44 ng ml − for a 20 μl sample, respectively. Precision and accuracy of PON3 statinase activity determination in human blood serum with SV as substrate were satisfactory and acceptable for bioanalytical methods

Antioxidant spectrum of blood serum and its peculiarities in children.

We compared the contribution of high- and low-molecular-weight antioxidants into total antioxidant activity of blood serum in children and adults. Ten serum samples from children aged from 3 months to 12 years and 6 serum samples from adults were fractionated by chromatography and antioxidant activity and the contents of transferrin and ceruloplasmin were measured in total serum and individual chromatographic fractions. It was found that total antioxidant activity of the serum from children measured in the system of yolk lipoproteins considerably surpassed that in adults. Moreover, in adults the major part in serum antioxidant activity is played by a fist identified high-molecular-weight fraction (600 kDa) and a 67 kDa fraction containing ceruloplasmin and transferrin. Serum antioxidant activity in children was determined only by the high-molecular-weight peak not containing ceruloplasmin and transferrin, which was probably due to significantly lower serum transferrin content in children compared to adults.

Diagnosis and therapy of hypovitaminosis A and E in chronic cholecystocholangitis in children

The aim of this study was to study the content of retinol and a-tocopherol in the blood serum of children with chronic cholecystocholangitis, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional treatment and therapy with the use of the drug tykveola. The latter is a lipid complex of Cucurbita pepo pumpkin seeds, which contains phospholipids, bioflavinoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, some amino acids, iron, manganese, zinc and calcium.

Determination of Selenium in Blood Serum of Children with Acute Leukemia and Effect of Chemotherapy on Serum Selenium Level

The concentration of selenium in serum was measured by the neutron activation method in three groups of children: 30 healthy children, 20 children with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) and 40 with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (L1; n = 20, L2; n = 20). The samples were taken before and after induction chemotherapy. Age, sex, FAB, initial WBC, BUN, creatinine and urinary analysis did not show a significant change in the amount of selenium in serum. Selenium concentration in serum samples of ALL children before chemotherapy showed no significant differences as compared with that of normal individuals, but there were significant differences between children with AML and normal individuals (76.46 +/- 24.59 micrograms/L vs 102.38 +/- 19.25 micrograms/L, with p < 0.02). In conclusion, the question of whether these deficiencies are responsible for the disease or are the result of a secondary effect of the cancer remain to be answered. Immediately after induction chemotherapy, the selenium concentration in the serum of ALL children decreased significantly (80.14 +/- 15.48 micrograms/L vs 110.72 +/- 28.3 micrograms/L, p < 0.001), but this was not the case for AML children. These findings may be due to the difference in the drugs administered in induction chemotherapy of ALL and AML children.

Influence of Padma 28 on the spontaneous bactericidal activity of blood serum in children suffering from recurrent infections of the respiratory tract

AbstractThe effect of Padma 28 on spontaneous bactericidal activity (SBA) of blood serum was tested in 19 children suffering from recurrent infections of the respiratory tract (RIRT). SBA was tested against three bacterial strains; Salmonella typhimurium 568, and Escherichia coli strains 044 and 055. A considerable increase (bactericidal index &lt;2) of SBA was noted in 12 children (63.1%). In four children (21%) the increase of SBA was less pronounced (bactericidal index &gt; 2). In three children (15.7%) no effect of Padma 28 on SBA of the serum was observed.