Blood Serum Of Rats Research Articles

Study of changes in the activity levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and the role of nitric oxide in the development of pathology in alloxan-diabetic rats

The problem of treating diabetes mellitus has not been resolved to this day; it requires a detailed study of various links of pathogenesis at the molecular level. In diabetes, conditions arise for the formation of oxidative stress. Diabetes mellitus is associated with the early development of cardiovascular complications, the immune e system is destroyed. Endothelial cells produce nitric oxide (NO), a substance that is able to maintain a balance of vascular tone, coagulation and inflammation. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is one of the most important enzymes of purine metabolism, which characterizes the immune status of the organism. The aim of this study was to study the enzymatic activity of PNP, as well as to determine the levels of nitric oxide in the blood serum, liver and pancreas in albino rats with simulated alloxan diabetes. The results of our studies on the detection of changes in the activity of PNP in the pancreas on the model of alloxandiabetic rats showed that at the late stage, the activity of PNP in the pancreas is completely suppressed, which indicates significant changes in the immune status of the body, the content of nitric oxide increases. Understanding the complex metabolic disorders that interact with the NO system may provide us with additional therapeutic options to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Indicators of NO and PNP can be used as additional paraclinical indicators for early diagnosis and to identify and clarify the degree of activity of the pathological process, the nature of the course, the stage of the disease, which contributes to the appointment of individualized adequate therapy.

Study the effect of barely drinks on some haematological variables on male rats

The purpose of the experiment was to determine how barley drink affected the physiological and biochemical changes in male white rats. The lab animals were divided into four groups of five male white rats apiece, in comparison to the control group, the Saudi and Iraqi drink groups, and the beer drink group, the results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in haemoglobin and a percentage of agglutinated cells in the beer drink group, respectively. Compared to the control group and the Iraqi barley drink group, the Saudi beer and barley drink group had a considerably greater concentration of red blood cells. The quantity of red blood cells in the control group significantly decreased(P≤0.05) in comparison to the other groups. The number of white blood cells was significantly higher in the Saudi barley group compared to the control group and the Iraqi beer and drink groups, however it was significantly lower in the Iraqi barley drink group compared to the control and other groups. Compared to the control group, the Saudi beer and syrup groups, the Iraqi barley group, and the control group, respectively, platelets significantly increased and significantly decreased. Compared to the Saudi barley group and the beer group, the levels of glucose in the blood of white rats in the Iraqi barley group was much lower (P≤0.05). In comparison to the healthy control group, there was a substantial drop in all Iraqi, Saudi, and Al-Bireh groups. When compared to the control group, the cholesterol levels in the blood serum of white male rats in the Iraqi, beer, and Saudi barley groups increased significantly(P≤0.05). When compared to the Saudi barley, Iraqi barley, and control groups, the beer group exhibited a substantial rise significant increase (P≤0.05) in triglyceride concentrations in white male rats.

THE IMPACT OF SEX ON METABOLIC AND FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES, INDUCED BY HIGH-FRUCTOSE-DIET IN RATS

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, which manifestation may be different for men and women. Changes in sex hormone levels in men and women during lifespan contribute to increased cardiometabolic risk. Data of clinical researches suggest that transition from normal glucose tolerance to dysglycemia lead to more adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors in women than in men, suggesting an important impact of sex on the development of metabolic abnormalities. A significant increase in risk may be due to the sex differences in manifestation of some components of metabolic syndrome, but accurate reasons of these discrepancies need future investigations. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in impairment of glucose, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular systems function between male and female rats with different levels of estrogen sufficiency. Materials and Methods. MetS was modelled in male and female rats with different levels of estrogens by chronic (for 8 weeks) intake of fructose (high-fructose diet - HFD) with drinking water at a concentration 200 g/L. Estrogens deficiency was reproduced by bilateral ovariectomy. Experimental rats were divided into five groups: control males (n=6), control females (n=6), males with HFD (n=6), sham-operated females with intact ovaries and HFD (n=6), ovariectomized (OVX) females with HFD (n=6). Glucose homeostasis was assessed by basal glycemia, glycemia during the intra-abdominal glucose tolerance test and fructosamine level. Insulin sensitivity was determined using intra-abdominal insulin tolerance test. Body weight gain, visceral fats, level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, levels of estradiol and testosterone in blood serum were determined. At the end of the study, electrocardiograms were recorded in three standard leads from the limbs. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Results. It was established that HFD have not been induced metabolic abnormalities in female rats with intact ovaries. HFD, independently of sex, led to the development of insulin resistance and significant increase in fructosamine level in blood serum of rats. Ovariectomized females with HFD had greater intensity of body weight gain, significantly higher levels of relative mass of fats, more pronounced alterations of lipid metabolism with increased total cholesterol and significantly higher levels of triglycerides, than HFD-treated male rats. However, impairment of glucose tolerance, induced by HFD, was more pronounced in male than in OVX female rats. We found the decline testosterone levels and slight increase in estradiol levels in male rats with HFD. OVX females with HFD had a moderate significant increase in testosterone levels and dramatically decrease in estradiol concentration as result of bilateral ovariectomy. HFD, independently from sex, induced the development of sinus tachycardia in experimental animals. Metabolic abnormalities, induced by HFD, in OVX female rats led to more pronounced disturbances of heart depolarization and repolarization processes and development of diastolic dysfunction compare to HFD-treated males. Conclusions. We revealed that sex and estrogens levels have a great impact on the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism and cardiovascular systems function, induced by high-fructose diet in rats. The obtained data justifies the necessity to take into account sex and estrogens sufficiency in the development of gender-specific prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic profile of blood serum in experimental arterial hypertension.

The etiology of essential hypertension is intricate, since it employs simultaneously various body systems related to the regulation of blood pressure in one way or another: the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems, renal and endothelial mechanisms. The pathogenesis of hypertension is influenced by a variety of both genetic and environmental factors, which determines the heterogeneity of the disease in human population. Hence, there is a need to perform research on experimental models - inbred animal strains, one of them being ISIAH rat strain, which is designed to simulate inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension as close as possible to primary (or essential) hypertension in humans. To determine specific markers of diseases, various omics technologies are applied, including metabolomics, which makes it possible to evaluate the content of low-molecular compounds - amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids fragments - in biological samples available for clinical analysis (blood and urine). We analyzed the metabolic profile of the blood serum of male ISIAH rats with a genetic stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension in comparison with the normotensive WAG rats. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy), 56 metabolites in blood serum samples were identified, 18 of which were shown to have significant interstrain differences in serum concentrations. Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the hypertensive status of ISIAH rats is characterized by increased concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol, isobutyrate, glutamate, glutamine, ornithine and creatine phosphate, and reduced concentrations of 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, betaine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Such a ratio of the metabolite concentrations is associated with changes in the regulation of glucose metabolism (metabolic markers - leucine, isoleucine, valine, myo-inositol), of nitric oxide synthesis (ornithine) and catecholamine pathway (tyrosine), and with inflammatory processes (metabolic markers - betaine, tryptophan), all of these changes being typical for hypertensive status. Thus, metabolic profiling of the stress-dependent form of arterial hypertension seems to be an important result for a personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disease.

Changes in markers of collagen metabolism in the blood serum of white rats during the filling of femur defects with implants based on polylactide and tricalcium phosphate with allogeneous mesenchymal stem cells

The use of synthetic materials in combination with osteogenesis stimulators is one of the advanced directions of the development of traumatology. The purpose of the study: based on the analysis of biochemical markers of collagen metabolism in the blood serum of laboratory rats with a femur defect, to evaluate the course of bone remodeling after filling the defect with implants based on polylactide and tricalcium phosphate with simultaneous and delayed administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). On the model of a defect in the metaphysis of the femur in white rats, the indicators of collagen exchange in blood serum were studied: the content of protein-bound, free fractions, the amount of hydroxyproline (HOP), the ratio of the content of protein-bound HOP to free PB/F was calculated. Comparison of the results of different groups was performed using the Student-Fisher method. The difference was considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Filling the defect with implants led to a decrease in the content of protein-bound HOP by 16.69 % and 14.34 % on the 15th and 90th days (p<0.05), an increase in the content of free HOP by 74.96 %; 67.31 % and 56.74 % (p<0.001), the content of the amount of HOP by 25.37 %; 23.66 % and 18.28 % (p<0.05), and reduction of PB/F by 52.20 %; 49.90 % and 45.30 % (p<0.001) relative to intact on the 15th; 30th and 90th days. Addition of MSCs to the implants at the same time as the installation caused a decrease in the content of free HOP by 63.90 %; 54.63 % and 42.76 % on the 15th; on the 30th and 90th days (p<0.001), the total metabolite by 21.87 % and 18.58 % on the 15th and 30th days (p<0.05) and a decrease in PB/F by 47, 50 %; 43.20 %; 37.60 % on the 15th; on the 30th and 90th days (p<0.001) relative to the intact. Postponing the introduction of MSCs increased the content of free HOP by 40.48 % (p<0.001); 20.49 % and 16.58 % (p<0.05) with a lower PB/F by 38.20 %; 25.80 % and 23.40 % (p<0.05) on the 15th; 30th and 90th days relatively intact. When the defect was filled with implants without MSCs, a moderate inhibition of anabolism and rapid activation of collagen destruction was observed. With the simultaneous use of implants and MSCs, the rate of formation and intense destruction of collagen was observed. When the introduction of MSCs was delayed, a moderate rate of destruction was recorded, which most contributed to collagen metabolism.

Malondialdehyde Levels in Blood Serum of Wistar Rats After Exposure to Panoramic and Cephalometric Radiation (Experimental Laboratory Research)

Background: Panoramic and cephalometric radiographs are used in dentistry, especially orthodontics, sometimes accompanied by periapical examination. Behind the benefits of using radiography, there are disadvantages for the body, which cause changes in the normal cell arrangement, detected by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum. Purpose: This study was to determine differences in blood serum MDA levels of wistar rats a few days after exposure to panoramic and cephalometric radiation. Materials and Methods: This study used 35 male Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus, weighing 200-250 grams, aged 3-4 months, in good physical health. Animals are divided into five groups. Group K did not do fixation and was not given radiation exposure; groups K1, K2, K3, and K4 underwent fixation were given radiation exposure, MDA levels were measured, groups K1, K2, K3, K4, day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after radiation exposure. MDA levels were measured by the thiobarbituric acid method using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 532nm. Results: There was a significant increase MDA levels in K1 (45.2704 + 2.08684). Significant decrease of MDA levels occurred in K2 (34.7747 + 7.90103), K3 (18.1266 + 5.33797), and K4 (12.0494 + 1.91399). Conclusion: There was an increase in MDA levels after radiation exposure, and MDA decreased significantly from the third to the seventh day after radiation exposure. However, MDA levels have not returned to normal.

The Effect of Royal Jelly on Irisin in Experimentally Diabetic Rats

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered a very common health problem today. It causes many acute and chronic complications and negatively affects the quality of life of patients. It is known that diabetes has an impact on many biochemical processes. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between royal jelly (RJ) and diabetes with irisin, a parameter that has not been investigated before. The study was planned with 3 groups: control group, DM group, DM+350 mg/kg RJ group. In the experiments, 18 female Wistar albino rats were studied. Irisin levels in rat blood serum were determined using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) method. Glucose levels in blood taken from the tail vein were determined with a glucometer. As a result of the experimental study, a statistically significant difference was found in the DM+350 mg/kg RJ group compared to the control group (p

Effect of tetrapeptide Acetyl-(D-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Arg-amide on immunological and biochemical parameters of Wistar rats using passive smoking models

Tetrapeptides, the homologues of adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment (15-18), play a special role among the bioregulators of the immune system. These compounds have cerebroprotective, neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. However, no available studies concerned the immunotropic properties of tetrapeptides in the models with exposure to xenobiotics, thus making such research quite relevant. Our study concerned the effects of tetrapeptide Acetyl-(D-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Arg-amide (laboratory code KK1) on the immunological and biochemical parameters of 72 female Wistar rats exposed to passive smoking. The experimental animals were fumigated with tobacco smoke for 8 hours. Synthetic peptide KK1 was administered intranasally at a dose of 40 g/kg/day five times a day for 10 days. Cotinine was detected only in blood serum of rats from experimental groups, thus confirming a contribution of this tetrapeptide to the trend for normalization of some immunological parameters in experimental animals subjected to passive tobacco smoking, expressed as an increase in thymus mass and the number of splenocytes, and a decrease in the circulating immune complexes compared to the parameters of smoking rats of the group. We revealed that passive tobacco smoking in rats was accompanied by a general tendency to accumulation of iron, lead and nickel in peripheral blood. There was a marked increase in the concentration of cadmium, lead and cobalt in rats of the experimental group compared with the content of these trace elements in the liver of smoking animals injected with tetrapeptide KK1. The revealed shifts in immunological indices may be based, firstly, on hepatotoxic effect of ecotoxicants, The lymphoid lineage is mostly affected thus causing hypoplasia of the central and peripheral immunity organs. An evident sign of such pathology is a decreased cellularity of hematopoietic and lymphoid organs found in the present study. Secondly, the tobacco smoke components with prooxidant action may disrupt cellular redox homeostasis, causing damage to cell membranes, resulting in necrosis or apoptosis, thus explaining the revealed decrease in the number of thymocytes, splenic karyocytes and a decrease in the weight of organs. Thus, our results suggest usage of experimental passive smoking in order to evaluate efficiency of the tetrapeptides. Administration of Acetyl-(D-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Arg-amide peptide to the passively smoking rats is associated with tendency to normalize the mass of the thymus and spleen, the number of thymocytes and splenocytes, and a decrease in circulating immune complexes. Further studies are required to elucidate the effects of tetrapeptides upon the immune system.

Вплив різних доз цитратів наночастинок йоду, селену, сірки на активність гіпофіз-тиреоїдної системи і обмін речовин у щурів

The use of organic compounds of iodine, selenium, and sulfur is limited due to the complexity of their chemical synthesis. The latest nanotechnological methods of obtaining organic compounds I, Se, S provide the opportunity to replace their mineral and organic salts with citrate mixtures synthesized on the basis of nanotechnology. This provides a perspective for the use of nanocomposition citrates I, Se, S in biology, medicine and animal husbandry. The research aimed to determine the effect of different doses of I, Se, S nanoparticles citrates on the activity of the pituitary-thyroid system and metabolism in the blood of male rats. The animals of the experimental groups received daily with water a mixture of I, Se, S in experimentally determined ratios (3:1:5) by mass of elements and doses, according to the concentration of iodine in μg/kg of body weight: 1–2.4 (low); 2–24 (average); 3–240 (high); 4–2400 (toxic). Blood for laboratory studies was taken on the 40th day of drinking I, Se, S after the decapitation of animals. The content of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroglobulin (Tg), antibodies to thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) and thyroperoxidase (Anti-TPO), as well as hematological and biochemical indicators characterizing the activity of physiological systems of the body, were determined in the blood. Activation of the body’s immune system was established with an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood of rats of the experimental groups under the influence of all applied doses of I, Se, S, and platelets – only in doses of 2.4, 24, and 240 μg of iodine. The effect of the toxic dose led to an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood of animals of the 4 group, with a decrease in platelets. A probable decrease in the relative level of lymphocytes and an increase in monocytes in the blood of rats in the experimental groups characterized changes in the leukogram of blood. The applied doses of I, Se, S stimulated the synthesis of cholesterol and the influx of calcium into the peripheral blood of rats of the experimental groups. Still, they inhibited the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the creatinine content. The toxic effect of I, Se, S nanoparticles citrates in a dose of 2400 μg of I led to a significant increase in the activity of aminotransferases and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus level, and body weight in rats. The effect of high and toxic doses of I, Se, S nanoparticles citrates on the functioning of the pituitary-thyroid system led to a decrease in the concentration of TSH, T3, T4, and Tg against the background of an increase in Anti-TPO and Anti-Tg in the blood serum of rats of experimental groups.

Uji Aktivitas ALT, AST dan Histopatologi Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf) pada Tikus Putih Jantan

Experimental research in the field of hepatology on the development of traditional medicine into a potential pharmacological solution to protect the liver from cirrhosis. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of temu kunci rhizome on liver cirrhosis. The rats were divided into six groups, the normal control group was given nothing but pellets and sufficient water, the negative control group was given orally CMC-Na 0.5%, 200 mg acetylcysteine (dose converted to rat) was given to the positive control group, and the treatment group was given ethanol extract of temu kunci rhizome doses of 250, 500, 750 mg/kg BW, given daily for 10 days. Then on the 10th day after 1 hour of extract administration, induction was carried out with paracetamol 800 mg/kg BW orally; 16 hours after induction, rats were sacrificed, blood was taken for ALT and AST enzyme examination, then liver organs were taken for histopathological examination. The administration of ethanol extract of temu kunci rhizome can prevent liver damage by reducing ALT and AST enzyme levels in rat blood serum. The best dose in reducing ALT and AST enzymes was produced by giving 500 mg/kg BW of temu kunci rhizome ethanol extract every day for 10 days. At a dose of 500 mg/kg BW ethanol extract of temu kunci rhizome morphologically (evaluation with H&E staining) can also repair liver tissue damaged by paracetamol induction. The development of liver damage can be interpended by using ethanol extract of temu kunci rhizome, so that the status of liver morphology, structure and function of the liver can be maintained.

Systemic production of cytokines and growth factors in rats with metabolic syndrome

ABSTRACT. An important characteristic of the state of the immune system is the production of cytokines, which determine the development of metabolic processes and are aimed at the immune response. Changes in the immune response occur with the development of homeostasis system disorders that change the rheological characteristics of the blood and contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the study was to study changes in the functional activity of cytokines and angiogenic growth factors (GF) during experimental MS in rats depending on age. Мaterials. MS modeling was carried out on 21 rats, which were divided into 3 groups, 7 animals each, of the same age (1a subgroup - 6 months of age, 2a subgroup - 9 months of age, 3a subgroup - 12 months). In the pathogenesis of the development of MS The role of MS in the development of systemic production of cytokines and FR has been studied, and data on the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood depending on the age of rats have been presented. The results of the study of the content of growth factor (GF) and endothelin in peripheral blood in MS tended to decrease with increasing age of rats providing morpho- and angiogenesis (p<0.01). An increase in the concentration of endothelin in the blood serum of rats with MS may contribute to the activation of vascular endothelial cells and an increase in the level of fibrinoid in the vascular system with increasing age. The level of cytokines circulating in the peripheral blood in rats with MS significantly differed from that, which was manifested by an increase in the level of IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10. Spontaneous production of cytokines by peripheral blood lymphocytes in MS increased with the age of rats, which indicated an increase in the secretion of IL-6 and IL-10, and a decrease in the production of IFN-1 and TNF-α. The decrease in spontaneous production of IL-1β and IL-10 in 24-hour cultures of peripheral blood monocytes in rats was significantly higher compared to IL-6 (p<0.001) compared to the 2nd and 3rd - observation groups. The content of IL-8 and TNF-α did not differ significantly (p>0.05), and IL-12 was below the sensitivity limit of the test system (less than 3 pg/ml). Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that in the peripheral blood of rats with MS, the secretion of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, as well as FR, decreases with age. Hormones also have an inhibitory effect on the production of cytokines by macrophages, the level of which changes significantly during MS. The results of the study indicate various pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of MS in rats, accompanied by a violation of the immune response of mononuclear cells and angiogenic RF at the system level.

CHANGES IN MARKERS OF BONE TISSUE REMODELING AND THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF WHITE RATS IN CASE OF DEFECT FILLING OF THE FEMUR WITH IMPLANTS BASED ON POLYLACTIDE AND TRICALCIUMPHOSPHATE WITH MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Objective. Based on the analysis of markers of inflammation and metabolism of bone tissue in the blood serum of laboratory rats, to evaluate the course of bone remodeling after filling the defect in the distal metaphysis of the femur with 3D-printed implants based on polylactide and tricalcium phosphate (3D-I) alone or in combination with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Methods. 53 white rats were used, which were divided into groups: intact (5 animals) — the operation was not performed; Control (15) — 3D-I; Experiment I (15) — 3D-I + cultured alloMSCs; Experiment II (15) — 3D-I + introduction of alloMSCs into the area of surgical intervention 7 days after implantation. The following were studied: the content of glycoproteins (GP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin, chondroitin sulfates (CS), total protein, calcium, alkaline (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AP) activity, and their ratio, mineralization indices were calculated. Results. Compared with intact animals, higher indicators were determined in the rats of the Control group: the content of GP by 39.73; 32.88; 23.29 %; CS — 250.00; 222.09 and 196.51 %, AlP activity — 81.67, 51.03, 39.36 %, on the 15th, 30th, and 90th days of the experiment; IL-6 — 44.89; 60.06 % on the 15th and 30th days. In the rats of the Experiment I g roup: the content of GP — by 82.19; 65.75, 57.53 %, IL-6 — 72.14; 96.59; 79.88 %, CS — 306.98; 276.74; 253.49 %; AlP activity — 63.73; 129.70; 51.28 %, on the 15th, 30th and 90th days of the experiment. In the Experiment II group: on the 15th, 30th and 90th days, the content of GP was higher by 27.40; 26.03; 129.18 %; CS — by 175.58; 137.21 and 115.12 %; AlP activity — 192.99; 178.02, 76.31 %; on the 15th and 30th days: IL-6 — by 37.46; 20.74 %. Conclusions. In the case of filling the defect with 3D-printed implants, biochemical signs of moderate inflammation were determined; 3D-printed implants together with MSCs — pronounced inflammation, slowing of bone formation, formation of connective tissue; 3D-printed implants with postoperative injection of MSCs — moderate inflammation and optimal conditions for healing the defect with bone tissue.

BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD SERUM OF RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES AFTER FILLING THE DEFECT IN THE METAPHYSIS OF THE FEMUR WITH ALLOGENEIC BONE IMPLANTS

Bone defects that do not heal on their own are a significant problem in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. One of the approaches to its solution is the use of bone alloimplants (AloI). Objective. On the basis of the analysis of biochemical indicators of the metabolism of connective tissue in the blood serum of laboratory rats, the course of metabolic processes after the filling of the defect in the metaphysis of the AloI femur was evaluated. Methods. A model of creating a transcortical defect of critical size (diameter 3 mm, depth 3 mm) in the metaphysis of the femur of 3- and 6-month-old rats was used. In animals of groups I (n = 15, age 3 months) and III (n = 15,12 months) the defects were left unfilled, II (n = 15, 3 months) and IV (n = 15, 12 months) — filled with structural AloI. After 14, 28 and 90 days, the content of glycoproteins, total chondroitin sulphates (CS), protein and calcium, activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases in blood serum was investigated. Results. The introduction of AloI leads to an increase in the content of glycoproteins for all periodsof observation in rats of both age groups. 14 days after implantation in 12-month-old rats, compared to 3-month-old rats, a 1.30 times higher level of CS in blood serum was determined (p = 0.008), which is due to their higher content in the area of connective tissue implantation; the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased by 1.80 times p = 0.016) and acid phosphatase by 1.50 times (p = 0.018), which indicates a delay in the formation and reorganization of bone tissue. However, the level of CS under the conditions of the establishment of AloI on the 90th day was lower compared to the correspondinggroups without plasticity of the defect: in 3-month-old rats by 1.44 times ( p = 0.008), in 12-month-old rats by 1.52 times (p = 0.008). Conclusions. According to the indicators of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism, the use of AloI for plasticity of defects of a critical size in the metaphysis of the femur of rats leads to the activation of bone regeneration with a greater manifestation in younger recipients compared to groups with an unfilleddefect.

The role of nonspecific proteolysis in the development of alterative changes in lung tissue when using electronic cigarettes

In recent years, the number of electronic cigarettes (ES) users has been growing steadily around the world. ES heat and vaporize components of a mixture of propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, and flavors. Reports of severe forms of lung injury caused by the use of ES, some of which have resulted in death, urge studying the pathogenetic mechanisms of such complications. One of the mechanisms is the activation of nonspecific proteolysis accompanied by the destruction of connective tissue components of the blood-air barrier.Aim of the study. To study the dynamics of the proteinase-inhibitor system indicators and its role in the morphological changes of lung tissue in experimental modeling of the effects of ES.Methods. Experimental studies were performed in 24 white male Wistar rats weighing 160 – 180 g. ES use of was simulated by intermittent exposure to smoke mixture vapors using a POD system connected to a two-channel compressor.Results. Analysis of the state of the nonspecific proteinase inhibitory system in rat broncho-alveolar lavage and blood serum and the results of morphological studies indicate activation of trypsin-like proteinases and depletion of the local antitryptic potential, leading to biochemical changes with subsequent structural changes in lung tissue. The latter are characterized by congestion, leukocyte infiltration, and stromal proliferation. In addition, exposure to nicotine-containing mixtures has been shown to affect the proteinase inhibitory system and blood serum composition, which is associated with a compensatory increase in antitrypsin activity.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the activation of trypsin-like proteinases in broncho-alveolar lavage, which have a damaging effect on lung tissue, leading to disturbances in tissue hemodynamics, extravasation of leukocytes, remodeling and thickening of the blood-air barrier.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Manggis pada Tikus Tuberkulosis yang Diberi Isoniazid terhadap Kadar Kolesterol


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Patients with tubeculosis experience a decrease in the amount of cholesterol in the body due to an inflammatory process due to increased free radical formation due to oxidative stress arising as a result of increased phagocytic activity of monocytes and macrophages. Therefore, additional treatment is needed to overcome free radicals and ROS so that inflammation in TB patients does not get worse and cholesterol levels can return to normal. Treatment of isoniazid in TB patients can increase cholesterol levels but does not occur significantly, and the results are still lower than cholesterol levels in healthy individuals. Mangosteen peel extract has a variety of ingredients and one of them is xanthones which can be anti-inflammatory and can inhibit the increase in the formation of free radicals in TB patients. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of mangosteen peel extract on TB rats given isoniazid on cholesterol levels. This research is a laboratory experimental study with a randomized posttest only method. The research sample used by the previous researcher, Dr. dr. Indah Widyaningsih., M. Kes was the blood serum of white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 200-250 grams. The analytical test used in this study is the Kruskall-Wallis test. The results of the analysis that has been done by researchers, it is known that there is no effect of Mangosteen Skin Extract on Cholesterol Levels in TB rats given Isoniazid
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC IMMOBILIZATION STRESS ON THE CONTENT OF MICRO- AND MACROELEMENTS IN THE PANCREAS AND BLOOD SERUM OF RATS AND THEIR NEWBORN OFFSPRING

Have been considered the role of macro- and microelements - Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu imbalance in the blood serum and pancreatic tissue homogenate of rats, whose pregnancy took place against the background of chronic immobilization stress and their newborn

Changes in the indicators of connective tissue metabolism in the blood serum of experimental rats under the conditions of modeling the development of degenerative processes in paravertebral muscles

Low back pain is a common health problem. To deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, experimental studies on animals with modeling of the pathological process are necessary. Objective. Based on the analysis of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in the blood serum of laboratory rats, the applicability of the studied models of degenerative muscle tissue damage to study the relationship between this condition and the development of disorders in spinal motor segments was assessed. Methods. Two models of reproduction of degenerative processes in the paravertebral muscles of white rats were tested: I (n = 5) — alimentary (diet-induced) obesity, by keeping it for 3 months on a high-calorie diet; II (n = 5) — ischemia, by tying the large rectus muscles of the back with suture material (45 days). Control group (n = 5) — intact animals of similar age and sex. The content of glycoproteins, total chondroitin sulfates (CS), hexosamines, protein-bound hexoses, seroglycoides, fractional distribution and total content of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan sulfates (GAGs) were investigated in the blood serum of rats. The results. In the blood serum of rats of groups I and II, a significant increase compared to the control level of glycoproteins was determined, with a greater effect in the ischemia model, but no significant changes of protein-bound hexoses, hexosamines and CS were recorded. The level of inflammatory markers (sialic acids and seroglycoides) in the blood serum of animals of both groups did not differ significantly from the control, and changes in the parameters of hydroxyproline (except for the slightly changed protein-bound fraction) and GAGs were significant only for the ischemia model. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in rats of groups I and II, changes characteristic of degenerative processes were determined, with a greater manifestation in the ischemia model. No significant increase in biochemical markers of inflammation was recorded. Both models can be used to reproduce dystrophic processes in osteochondrosis.

Study of the chronic toxicity of the disinfectant drug Iodopovidone

The article reflects the results of preclinical studies of the chronic toxicity of the disinfectant drug Iodopovidone on non-linear laboratory white rats. Disinfectant Iodopovidon produced by LLC "Basalt" (Ukraine) is a polymer complex of iodine in its composition. The purpose of our research was to establish the chronic toxicity of the new promising disinfectant drug Iodopovedon. The experiment was conducted on the basis of the laboratory and clinic "Vetmedservis" of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine on non-linear laboratory white rats in compliance with biotic norms in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of Animals from Cruelty" and the "European Convention on the Protection of Domestic Animals". 10 animals were involved in the experiment (5 animals - experimental and 5 animals - control), groups were formed according to the principle of analogues. Biochemical indicators of blood serum (total protein, albumins, globulins, glucose, urea, creatinine and activity of enzymes AsLT, AsAT), hematological indicators of blood and organ mass ratio (liver, kidneys, heart) were determined. Determinations were made in accordance with generally accepted methods. As a result of the study of biochemical indicators, a difference in the levels of total protein between the experimental and control groups was established within 2.1% due to a decrease in the level of the globulin fraction by 0.3% and a decrease in the level of the albumin fraction by 3.7% and a tendency to lower glucose levels by 28.0%. There was also a trend of an increase in AST activity by 7.3% and a decrease in ALT activity by 3.3%. The level of creatinine did not undergo pronounced changes against the background of an increase in the level of urea by 11.7%. When examining hematological indicators, a slight decrease in the number of lymphocytes by 6.6% and an increase in monocytes and granulocytes by 5.5 and 13.6% were found, respectively. The established changes in biochemical indicators of blood serum and hematological indicators of blood are insignificant and unlikely. The results of studies of the relative mass of internal organs - liver, kidneys and heart, to the final body mass of animals, indicate the absence of deviations. Therefore, the disinfectant preparation Iodopovidon does not cause pronounced changes in the critically important organs of the liver, kidneys and heart, does not cause pronounced changes in the morphological parameters of the blood of animals, the biochemical composition and activity of enzymes in the blood serum of white laboratory rats. Key words: disinfectant, Iodopovidone, polymeric iodine complex, chronic toxicity, laboratory rats.

Evaluation of the regulatory effect of carnosine and alpha-lipoic acid on the cytokine profile of the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats under induced obesity

BACKGROUND:The model of obesity under experimental conditions is reproduced by using high-calorie diets in animals. It has been established that metabolic disorders cause meta-inflammation not only in peripheral organs and tissues, but also in brain structures. The search for effective neuroprotective antioxidants to suppress inflammatory processes in the cerebral cortex in obesity is an urgent task due to the widespread prevalence of this disease.AIM: to evaluate the effect of minor biologically active substances — carnosine (CAR) and α-lipoic acid (ALA) on the cytokine profile of the frontal cortex of the left hemisphere of the brain in Wistar male rats with obesity induced by a high-calorie choline-deficient diet.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 150±10 g. The animals were randomized by body weight into 5 groups. For 8 weeks, rats of the 1st (control) group received a complete modified diet of AIN93M; rats of the 2nd group consumed a high-calorie choline-deficient diet (HCHDR), the fat content of which was 45%, fructose — 20% of the energy value of the diet; rats of the 3rd group received HCHDR with the addition of CAR at a dose of 75 mg per 1 kg of body weight; rats of the 4th group received HCHDR with the addition of ALA at a dose of 75 mg per 1 kg of body weight; rats of the 5th group received HCHDR with the addition of the CAR + ALA complex in a total dose of 150 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Animals were removed from the experiment by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The levels of triglycerides (Tg) and free fatty acids (FFA) in blood plasma (mmol) were determined on a biochemical analyzer (Konelab 20i, Thermo Clinical Labsystems Oy, Finland). Content of cytokines and chemokines (pg/ml): GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, MCP-1, M-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-2, MIP-3α, RANTES, and TNF-α in cerebral cortex lysates were determined by multiplex immunoassay using a Luminex 200 analyzer (Luminex Corporation, USA). To assess the relationship between the level of cytokines in blood plasma and changes in their concentrations under the influence of HCCDR in lysates of the cortex of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain, the ratio was calculated: the level of cytokines pg/ml in blood plasma [1]/the content of cytokines pg/ml in lysates (pl/ lys) for each sample.RESULTS: On the model of obesity in rats, the presence of an inflammatory process in the cerebral cortex was established, as evidenced by an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory factors: IL-2, M-CSF, MIP-1α and RANTES and a decrease in the content of immunoregulatory cytokines of varying severity: IL-10, IL17A, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-a, MIP-2 and MIP-3α in group 2 rats. (HCHDR) compared with the control group. Enrichment of HCHDR with biologically active substances: CAR, ALA or their complex, ensured the normalization of lipid metabolism, as evidenced by the decrease in the ratio of circulating Tg to FFA in the blood serum of rats to control values: 1st gr. (control) — 1,04±0.23; 2nd gr. (HCHDR) — 1,64±0.63; 3rd gr. (CAR) — 0,98±0.31; 4th gr. (ALA) — 0,86±0.31; 5th gr. (CAR+ALA) — 1,02±0.38. Enrichment of HCHDR with CAR, ALA or their complex led to a decrease in the content of pro-inflammatory and apoptosis-regulating cytokines and chemokines in the cortex of the frontal lobe of the rat brain: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-17A, M-CSF, MCP-1, MIP3α and RANTES, along with an increase in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which indicates the suppression of the inflammatory process induced by the consumption of HCHDR in rats.CONCLUSION:The data obtained indicate the prospect of using CAR and ALA or their complex as neuroprotective antioxidants to reduce the inflammatory process in brain structures in obesity.

Evaluation of Launaea Angustifolia Extract Treatment on Rat Blood Serum Enzymes and Histology of Liver and Kidney

Background: Launaea angustifolia (LAN) is a wild plant grown in several Arabian countries in West Asia and North Africa. Launaea is a polymorphic inter- and intraspecific genus that includes about 54 species and 10 subspecies and is classified into eight sections. This study illustrates the effects of Launaea angustifo LAN (LAn) extract on male and female body weight and blood serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (LAT) and Alkaline phosphatase LAN, with the histology of liver and kidneys used as an animal model for humans. Methods: A quantity of 100 mg of the extract powder was dissolved in 1 L of DMSO. Experimental rats were divided into five groups with 10 in each group (A, B, C, D, E: 100, 50 and 10 mg/kg and positive control and negative control, respectively). Result: No significant differences were observed between the treated and control-group females. However, the mean male body weight showed some variation within the 5th group (E) given the negative control (DMSO) and all treated groups presented lower body weights than the normal control (C). Analysis of the enzymatic activities of (ALT) alanine aminotransferase showed that the females in treatment group A (100 mg) and B (50 mg) had higher levels of ALT than those of group D females (10 mg) at P less than 0.05 and females in group E at P less than 0.001). The histology section of the liver and kidney and the histological structure of the rat kidney also showed no differences in all groups. Launaea angustifolia extract (LAn) was found to be safe, especially in the histology of the liver and kidney and for ALT and ALP blood parameters.