Blood IgE Levels Research Articles

Kimura disease: familial and ocular occurrence

AbstractPurposeKimura disease is a sporadic disease of unknown etiology, that mostly affects young Asian males. Major signs are subcutaneous nodules and parotitis, but cases can be revealed by lid or caruncle swelling. We report the case of a child with a caruncle lesion that results from Kimura disease.MethodsA 12‐year‐old boy born to a Caucasian father and a Vietnamese mother was referred for a bilateral caruncle swelling developing over 18 months. Family history revealed a Kimura disease in father’s history. The ophthalmological examination showed a painless bilateral salmon‐colored swelling of the caruncles. The pediatric examination found an ongoing parotitis, and no dermatological lesion. Orbital MRI was normal and biology showed an increased level of total blood IgE. A surgical removal of the lesions was performed. Anatomopathological analysis was consistent with a Kimura disease: a follicular lymphoid hyperplasia with germinal centers and fibrosis. A few months later, the child developed a nephrotic syndrome.ResultsBesides the problem of the complex diagnosis raised by this case, the other issue is the pathophysiology of this condition, so far known as sporadic. Indeed, the present two cases in a father and his child may suggest a genetic predisposition. Few studies head in that direction showing clonal rearrangements on the T‐cell receptor genes in Kimura disease.ConclusionsMajor signs of Kimura disease are dermatological, but uncommon sites can be seen, such as the caruncle. An accurate diagnosis is essential due to its possible association with nephrotic syndrome, but is difficult and supported by the anatomopathological analysis. The familial cases we report challenge the formerly postulated hypothesis of a sporadic condition.

Dupilumab-induced ocular surface disease (DIOSD) in patients with atopic dermatitis: clinical presentation, risk factors for development and outcomes of treatment with tacrolimus ointment

AimTo identify risk factors for the development of dupilumab-induced ocular surface disease (DIOSD) in adult patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and describe outcomes of treatment.MethodsA retrospective institutional cohort study performed...

Association between cord blood IgE and toddler atopic diseases

Objective To investigate the correlation between cord blood IgE level and allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, wheezing and allergic rhinitis) in 36 months old children and explore the susceptibility factors of allergy. Methods A cohort study was designed and Cord blood was collected during delivery of 779 women with full term, and the IgE level of the sample was detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay in Department of Laboratory Medicine, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between October 1, 2012 and May 31, 2014. 638 children were followed up at the age of 36 months. The incidence of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, wheezing and allergic rhinitis were investigated by questionnaire, and the relationship between cord blood IgE level and allergic diseases in children was analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 638 pregnant women and children were included in this study. The age of pregnant women was (29.7±3.3) years, and the IgE level in cord blood ranged from 0.1 to 8.43 IU/mL.In caesarean women, higher cord blood IgE was associated with increased risk of allergic dermatitis, wheezing and allergic rhinitis in children, OR=1.87, P<0.01; OR=1.86, P=0.01; OR=1.28, P=0.01; OR=1.98, P=0.01. Conclusion During cesarean section, the elevated IgE level of umbilical cord blood is correlated with the incidence of allergic diseases in children. Key words: Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Fetal blood

Pollen Allergy Suppression Effect by the Oral Administration of Acetic Acid Bacteria (Gluconacetobacter hansenii).

Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) is an acetic acid bacterium of vinegar production. Its anti-allergic effect on mice upon oral administration was examined. The amount of LPS was measured by the Limulus reaction. Mice were sensitized by peritoneal and intranasal administration of cedar pollen and alum followed by oral administration of 30 or 150 mg/kg of heated G. hansenii cells. Pollen was administered intranasally to evaluate nasal symptoms, and at 8 weeks, IgE and IL-10 levels in blood were measured by ELISA. The amount of LPS in dried bacterial cells was 10.4±3.3 mg/g. In the cedar pollinosis model of mice, a significant reduction was observed in nose scratching of both groups administered with the bacterial cells (30, 150 mg/kg). G. hansenii contains LPS, and its oral administration showed an anti-allergic effect by a significant mitigation of the symptoms in a pollen allergy mouse model.

IgE level in newborn umbilical cord and its relationship with some maternal factors

Background and objectivesAllergic diseases are among major pediatric issues as they are highly prevalent and chronic. Therefore, identification of factors contributing to allergic disease could play a significant role in prevention of these conditions. This study aimed at investigating the IgE level in newborn’s umbilical cord blood and its relationship with some maternal factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 101 mothers and their newborns in Babol, Iran 2016. The samples were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. Information including newborn sex, gravidity, history of allergy before and during pregnancy (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, hives, food allergy, and drug allergy), family history of allergy among mothers, history of exposure to secondhand smoke and pets, and delivery techniques was recorded. The IgE levels in newborn umbilical cord blood and maternal serum were measured using an IgE kit and ELISA technique.ResultsThe newborns included 53 females (52.5%) and 29 mothers had vaginal birth (28.7%). History of exposure to secondhand smoke was found in 15 samples (14.9%), and 18 participants reported exposure to pets (17.8%). The median IgE levels in newborns and their mothers were 0.41 and 98.6, respectively. In general, IgE level in all newborns was within the normal range, but, it was higher than normal in 15 mothers (14.9%). The IgE level was significantly higher in male newborns than that of the female newborns (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in the IgE levels of mothers and their newborns on the basis of delivery technique and history of exposure to pets (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn this study, the IgE level in all newborns was within the normal range, and sex was found to be an effective factor in IgE levels.

Causes of eosinophilic ascites - A systematic review.

In the last years an uprising interest for a relatively unknown entity, eosinophilic ascites (EA), has been recorded. Our aim is to investigate the potential causes of EA development, as well as clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and radiologic features, management and outcome in these patients. The following research was performed on PubMed (MEDLINE) database using the medical subject headings [Mesh] terms "Ascites" AND "Eosinophils". A total of 284 results, dating from 1962 onwards, were found and abstracts were examined. 131 papers were excluded and the remaining 153 publications, consisting in case reports and series of cases, were analyzed. From 171 patients with EA, 127 subjects (74%) had EGE, 17 (10%) parasitic and fungal infections, 11(7%) Hypereosinophilic syndrome and 16 patients (9%) less common diseases (eosinophilic pancreatitis, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, myelofibrosis, T-cell lymphoma, Churg Strauss Syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Familial paroxysmal polyserositis and Ménétrier's disease). High eosinophil blood count and IgE levels as well as gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent. The diagnosis is based on ascitic fluid analysis, imaging and endoscopic biopsies. Therapy with corticosteroids results in resolution of eosinophilic ascites in almost all patients. In most cases, in the absence of allergy, parasitic infections, malignancy, hematological disorders, peritoneal tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease or autoimmune disease, EA develops as a manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Sex-moderated interactions between IL4/IL13 pathway genes and prenatal environment on cord blood IgE levels.

Elevated cord blood IgE (cIgE), a predictor of atopic diseases, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, gene-environment interactions on cIgE elevation and their difference by sex remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine whether there are sex-moderated interactions between genetic variants in the IL4/IL13 pathway and prenatal environments on cIgE elevation. Comprehensive information on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), home dampness (indexed by combining mildewy odour, visible mould and water stamp on the wall) and other household environments was obtained using a structured questionnaire during the third trimester of pregnancy in 1107 full-term newborns. The cord blood was collected for measuring cIgE levels, with elevation defined as ≥0.5IU/mL, and for genotyping of five single nucleotide polymorphisms of three candidate genes (IL-13 rs1800925, rs20541, rs848, IL-4 rs2243250 and STAT6 rs324011). Gene-environment interactions on cIgE elevation were observed in male but not female newborns, including those between ETS and IL13 rs20541, between home dampness and STAT6 rs324011, and between composite environmental exposure (combined ETS and the three home dampness indices) and STAT6 rs324011 (P for interaction=0.03, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively). Male newborns carrying STAT6 rs324011 CT or TT genotype manifested with a significant dose-response association of the composite environmental exposure with cIgE elevation. Sex moderates the gene-environment interactions involving IL4/IL13 pathway genes and prenatal household environments on cIgE elevation. The absence of prenatal exposure to ETS and home dampness in male neonates carrying the STAT6 rs324011 CT or TT genotype is least likely associated with cIgE elevation.

The prevalence of allergic and non-allergic bronchial asthma and the spectrum of sensitization among children of preschool age living in urban areas of the Altai Territory: a momentary population study

Information on the prevalence of allergic and non-allergic bronchial asthma among children of preschool age is limited due to insufficient amount of studies. At the same time, determining the phenotype of the disease is the key to choosing the optimal therapy and determining the prognosis. The objective: to establish the prevalence of allergic and non-allergic bronchial asthma in children of 3–6 years living in the urban areas of the Altai Territory, and to study the sensitization spectrum. The authors conducted a momentary population-based study, consisting of two stages. At the screening stage, the study included 3205 children of 3–6 years attending preschool educational institutions. Symptoms of bronchial asthma were determined using the ISAAC questionnaire. At the clinical stage, the diagnosis was verified by allergists based on the diagnostic criteria of GINA. The allergic phenotype of asthma was established with a positive prick test and / or at a level of specific blood IgE of &gt; 0.35 kE / l to at least one allergen. The results. 5.7% of urban children of 3–6 years suffered bronchial asthma. Allergic asthma prevails over non-allergic one – 4 and 1.7%, respectively. The condition of most children is sensitized to 2 allergens and more, the most often case was a sensitization to house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (42.9%) birch pollen (34.3%) and cat epithelium (27.5%). The conclusion. 5.7% of children of 3–6 years living the in urban areas of the Altai Territory suffered bronchial asthma with a predominance of allergic phenotype.

Fermented red ginseng and ginsenoside Rd alleviate ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by suppressing IgE, interleukin-4, and interleukin-5 expression

BackgroundTo increase the pharmacological effects of red ginseng (RG, the steamed root of Panax ginseng Meyer), RG products modified by heat process or fermentation have been developed. However, the antiallergic effects of RG and modified/fermented RG have not been simultaneously examined. Therefore, we examined the allergic rhinitis (AR)-inhibitory effects of water-extracted RG (wRG), 50% ethanol-extracted RG (eRG), and bifidobacteria-fermented eRG (fRG) in vivo. MethodsRBL-2H3 cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate/A23187. Mice with AR were prepared by treatment with ovalbumin. Allergic markers IgE, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 were assayed in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, and colon using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mast cells, eosinophils, and Th2 cell populations were assayed using a flow cytometer. ResultsRG products potently inhibited IL-4 expression in phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate/A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Of tested RG products, fRG most potently inhibited IL-4 expression. RG products also alleviated ovalbumin-induced AR in mice. Of these, fRG most potently reduced nasal allergy symptoms and blood IgE levels. fRG treatment also reduced IL-4 and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, and reduced mast cells, eosinophils, and Th2 cell populations. Furthermore, treatment with fRG reduced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in the colon and restored ovalbumin-suppressed Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria populations and ovalbumin-induced Firmicutes population in gut microbiota. Treatment with ginsenoside Rd significantly alleviated ovalbumin-induced AR in mice. ConclusionfRG and ginsenoside Rd may alleviate AR by suppressing IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression and restoring the composition of gut microbiota.

Role and Impact of Chronic Cough in Individuals with Asthma From the General Population

Cough is a well-recognized symptom in asthma, but the role and impact of chronic cough in individuals with asthma has not been described in the general population. We hypothesized that among individuals with asthma, those with chronic cough versus those without have a more severe disease phenotype. We identified individuals with asthma and chronic cough among 14,740 adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study, and investigated respiratory symptoms, health care utilizations, lung function, and biomarkers in blood. A total of 855 (6%) individuals suffered from asthma, and 70 (8%) had chronic cough. Individuals with asthma and chronic cough had a Leicester Cough Questionnaire median total score of 16.8 (25th and 75th percentiles, 14.8-18.9), corresponding to 5.4 (4.6-6.0) for the physical domain, 5.7 (4.6-6.4) for the psychological domain, and 6.0 (5.3-6.8) for the social domain. Among individuals with asthma, those with chronic cough versus those without reported more often wheezing (70% vs 54%), dyspnea (74% vs 49%), night-time dyspnea (27% vs 11%), sputum production (59% vs 14%), chest pain/tightness (14% vs 4%), acute bronchitis/pneumonia episodes, and general practitioner visits. Furthermore, these individuals had more often FEV1 predicted value of less than 60% (14% vs 7%) and higher levels of neutrophils, leukocytes, and fibrinogen in blood, but there were no differences with regard to levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, eosinophils, and IgE in blood. Chronic cough in individuals with asthma is associated with a more severe disease phenotype in terms of worse respiratory symptoms, greater health care utilizations, lower lung function, and higher levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers in blood.

Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum alleviate house dust mite allergen-induced allergic rhinitis by regulating IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 expression

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of Bifidobacterium longum IM55, Lactobacillus plantarum IM76, and their (1:1 and 1:9) mixtures (PMs) on house dust mite allergen extract (HDMA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice. Oral administration of IM55, IM76, or PM significantly suppressed HDMA-induced allergic nasal symptoms, IL-4 and IL-5 expression in the nasal mucosa, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and blood, and IgE level in blood. They suppressed HDMA-induced eosinophil, mast cell, and Th2 populations in BALF while the regulatory T cell population and IL-10 expression were increased. Treatment with IM55, IM76, or PM significantly reduced HDMA-induced IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophil peroxidase expression and increased IL-10 expression in the colon. Furthermore, their treatments suppressed HDMA-induced Proteobacteria population and Proteobacteria to Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota. In conclusion, IM55 and IM76 may mitigate AR by suppressing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression and inducing IL-10 expression through the inhibition of gut Proteobacteria population.

Monocytes to lymphocytes ratio in peripheral blood and immunoglobulin IgE levels as indicators to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Sudan

Background Malaria infection especially by Plasmodium falciparumspecies remain the most global threating life in Africa The effective immune response to malaria infection in addition to the effective immunological factors which play a significant role in immune defence reflect in different sorts of infection such as changes in cellular ratio and the elements quantity according to the immunological challenge still are incompletely understood In this survey we examined the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes beside the levels of total immunoglobulin IgE in both infected patients with Plasmodium falciparumparasite and compared with healthy individual To search for any correlation on those who had the infection Methodology We obtained ml of venous blood samples from both infected patients and control candidates in EDTA containers for immunoglobulin inspection and parasitological tests A full differential blood count Immuno chromatography antigenic test and thin blood films with a microscopic examination had been used to confirm malaria infection In addition to Electro chemiluminescence immunoassay ECL had been applied for measuring the total immunoglobulin IgE levels We entered Data into Microsoft word and analyzed using SPSS version SPSS Inc Chicago IL software the correlation to occurrences of malaria infection and between variables calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient An alpha value of lt denoted a statistically significant difference in all statistical compares Finding The analysis of the results revealed that the IgE levels were dependent with the incidence of the malaria infection P value lt Furthermore the ratio of Monocytes to Lymphocytes M L elevated with the risk of malaria infection HR CI to and found to be statistically significant P value lt Conclusion The outcome of this work revels that both the monocytes to lymphocytes M L ratio and the IgE could be used for predication of the malaria infection as well as can used as a good indicator to monitor the density of malaria infection

ASSOCIATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

In the present study, we have examined association between different polymorphic variants of metalloproteinases genes and clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma in children. We observed 103 patients including 42 children with an established diagnosis of asthma. Moreover, 61 persons were examined in the control group. All patients underwent genetic testing by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. In particular, 320A&gt;C polymorphic locus of ММР20 gene; Val275Ala ММР20, and -8202A&gt;G gene ММР9 were analyzed.We have found that 30 patients (71.4% of total) had bronchial asthma of mild severity, 9 children (21.4%) exhibited moderate degree, and 3 patients (7%) had severe-grade disease. Homozygous C/C variant of the polymorphic ММР20 gene, 320A&gt;C heterozygous variant of the ММР20 Val275Ala polymorphism, and heterozygous locus of -8202A&gt;G ММР9 gene were found to be most frequent among the children with asthma. Generally, we have observed that the frequencies of the studied alleles and genotypes did not significantly differ berween the asthma patients and children from the control group (p &lt; 0.05). However, in patients with GGgenotype of -8202A&gt;G ММР9 polymorphism combined with homozygosity for the C allele of ММР20 320A&gt;C, a more severe disease was observed, being combined with polyvalent sensitization and high total IgE levels in blood serum.In conclusion, frequencies of alleles and genotypes among patients with asthma did not show any statistically significant differences from the group of healthy children. The patients homozygous for G allele of ММР9 -8202A&gt;G polymorphism gene and for the C allele ММР20 gene (320A&gt;C) seem to be predisposed for a more severe clinical course of the disease.

Ethanol extract of Dryopteris crassirhizoma alleviates allergic inflammation via inhibition of Th2 response and mast cell activation in a murine model of allergic rhinitis

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDryopteris crassirhizoma (DC) is used as a traditional herbal remedy to treat various diseases, the tapeworm infection, common cold, and cancer in Korea, Japan, and China. DC also has the antioxidant anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. However, the anti-allergic inflammatory effect of DC and some of its mechanisms in allergic rhinitis model are unknown well. Aim of this studyThe purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-allergic inflammatory effect of DC on the allergic rhinitis model, mast cell activation and histamine release. Materials and methodsAllergic rhinitis was induced in BALB/c mice by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Different concentration of DC and dexamethasone was administrated by oral gavage on 1 h before the OVA challenge. Mice of the control group were treated with saline only. Then mice were evaluated for the presence of nasal mucosa inflammation, the production of allergen-specific cytokine response and the histology of nasal mucosa. ResultsDC significantly ameliorated the nasal symptoms and the inflammation of nasal mucosa. DC also reduced the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in these tissues and the release of histamine in blood. Meanwhile, DC evidently inhibited the overproduction of Th2 cytokines and increased the Th1 and Treg cytokines in nasal lavage fluid by OVA. DC also reduced the levels of OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a in blood. ConclusionsThis study suggests that DC has a significant anti-allergic inflammatory effect in the nasal cavity. DC may have the therapeutic effect of allergic rhinitis.

The effect of Enterobius vermicularis infection (oxyuriasis) on eosinophil and IgE levels in allergic rhinitis

Objective: Elevated levels of serum IgE and eosinophilia are the indicators of atopy and intestinal parasitic infections. We evaluated the effect of Enterobius vermicularis infection (enterobiasis) on blood eosinophil count and IgE levels in allergic rhinitis. Methods: A total of 110 patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (with symptoms of rhinorrhea, itchy nose and nasal congestion) consisting of 41 (37.27%) males and 69 (62.73%) females were examined. Forty-one (37.27%) patients with enterobiasis were selected as the study group. The remaining 69 (62.73%) patients accepted as the control group. Results: In the study group the mean serum total IgE level and mean serum eosinophil count were 393.10 ± 159.83 IU/mL and 0.56 ± 0.04 103/mL, respectively. In the control group the mean serum total IgE level and mean serum eosinophil count were 236.91 ± 63.55 IU/mL and 0.37 ± 0.12 103/mL, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant for serum total IgE levels (p &amp;lt; 0.05) but not for serum eosinophil count (p &amp;gt; 0.05). The correlation coefficients between serum total IgE level and eosinophil count were statistically insignificant (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Conclusions: More comprehensive and long-term placebo-controlled studies should be performed in order to find the answer to the question of whether helminth infections play a role in allergic disease.

Refractory airway type 2 inflammation in a large subgroup of asthmatic patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids

Airway type 2 inflammation is usually corticosteroid sensitive, but the role of type 2 inflammation as a mechanism of asthma in patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) is uncertain. We sought to determine whether airway type 2 inflammation persists in patients treated with ICSs and to evaluate the clinical features of patients with steroid-resistant airway type 2 inflammation. We used quantitative PCR to generate a composite metric of type 2 cytokine gene expression (type 2 gene mean [T2GM]) in induced sputum cells from healthy control subjects, patients with severe asthma receiving ICSs (n=174), and patients with nonsevere asthma receiving ICSs (n=85). We explored relationships between asthma outcomes and T2GM values and the utility of noninvasive biomarkers of airway T2GM. Sputum cell T2GM values in asthmatic patients were significantly increased and remained high after treatment with intramuscular triamcinolone. We used the median T2GM value as a cutoff to classify steroid-treated type 2-low and steroid-resistant type 2-high (srT2-high) subgroups. Compared with patients with steroid-treated type 2-low asthma, those with srT2-high asthma were older and had more severe asthma. Blood eosinophil cell counts predicted srT2-high asthma when body mass index was less than 40kg/m2 but not when it was 40kg/m2 or greater, whereas blood IgE levels strongly predicted srT2-high asthma when age was less than 34years but not when it was 34years or greater. Despite ICS therapy, many asthmatic patients have persistent airway type 2 inflammation (srT2-high asthma), and these patients are older and have more severe disease. Body weight and age modify the performance of blood-based biomarkers of airway type 2 inflammation.

Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Ligand, S28463, Suppresses Ascaris suum-induced Allergic Asthma in Nonhuman Primates.

S28463 (S28), a ligand for Toll-like receptor 7/8, has been shown to have antiinflammatory properties in rodent models of allergic asthma. The principle goal of this study was to assess whether these antiinflammatory effects can also be observed in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of allergic asthma. NHPs were sensitized then challenged with natural allergen, Ascaris suum extract. The animals were treated with S28 orally before each allergen challenge. The protective effect of S28 in NHPs was assessed by measuring various asthma-related phenotypes. We also characterized the metabolomic and proteomic signatures of the lung environment and plasma to identify markers associated with the disease and treatment. Our data demonstrate that clinically relevant parameters, such as wheal and flare response, blood IgE levels, recruitment of white blood cells to the bronchoalveolar space, and lung responsiveness, are decreased in the S28-treated allergic NHPs compared with nontreated allergic NHPs. Furthermore, we also identified markers that can distinguish allergic from nonallergic or allergic and drug-treated NHPs, such as metabolites, phosphocreatine and glutathione, in the plasma and BAL fluid, respectively; and inflammatory cytokines, IL-5 and IL-13, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our preclinical study demonstrates that S28 has potential as a treatment for allergic asthma in primate species closely related to humans. Combined with our previous findings, we demonstrate that S28 is effective in different models of asthma and in different species, and has the antiinflammatory properties clinically relevant for the treatment of allergic asthma.

Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate: adjuvant properties and effect on cytokine production

Objective: Leakage of monomers from dental fillings due to incomplete curing is very common. The objective of the present study was to examine the cytokine profile in cells exposed to triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and the adjuvant properties of TEGDMA.Materials and methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to TEGDMA (500 and 1000 μM) for 24 h in vitro. Bio-Plex Pro™ assays were used for analysis and detection of cytokines. In vivo, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously in the base of the tail with TEGDMA in combination with ovalbumin (OVA).Results: The cytokine levels of IL-8, IL-18, GRO-α and MCP-1 were significantly increased for both concentrations. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was only significantly increased in cultures exposed to 500 μM TEGDMA. The concentration of TNF-α was significantly decreased in cultures exposed to 1000 μM TEGDMA. Animals immunized with OVA co-administrated with TEGDMA had a significantly higher IgE and IgG anti-OVA antibody levels in blood than animals immunized with OVA only.Conclusions: TEGDMA affects production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 and TNF-α. This inflammatogenic capacity renders TEGDMAs adjuvant properties, which may interfere with the homeostasis between the immune system and the indigenous microflora in the oral cavity.

Feasibility Study of Biosensors Based on Polymelamine‐modified Screen‐printed Carbon Electrodes

AbstractWe herein report the use of melamine and a low‐cost screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as the base matrices for the preparation of an electrochemical biosensor. Following the electrochemical polymerization of melamine, the resulting polymelamine was deposited on the SPCE surface to give layers bearing –NH2 functional groups, which allowed the attachment of anti‐IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies. The resulting anti‐IgE‐labeled SPCEs were then incubated with IgE solutions of various concentrations prior to analysis by chronoamperometry using Ru(NH3)63+ as an electrochemical mediator. A logarithmic relationship was observed between the chronoamperometric current and the IgE concentration between 5.3 and 530 fM (i. e. over 2 orders of magnitude). In addition, a detection limit of 0.64 fM was achieved in addition to a recovery of 114 ± 14 % for a fetal bovine serum sample spiked with 16 fM IgE. Furthermore, only a small quantity of sample was required for analysis, and the IgE assay was suitable for use in a complex serum matrix without interference. We therefore expect that this novel system will be useful for monitoring the changes in blood IgE levels during the clinical treatment of allergic asthma and rhinitis.

IL-4 Signal Regulates IL-9-producing Mucosal Mast Cell Differentiation And Function During The Development of Experimental Food Allergy

Abstract The prevalence of food allergy is increasing significantly in developed nations. Accumulating evidences suggest a pivotal role of intestinal mast cells (MCs), TH2 cytokines, and IgE in the pathophysiology of food allergy. We have recently identified the novel IL-9 producing mucosal mast cells (MMC9s), which can produce high levels of IL-9, IL-13, and mast cells mediators. Mice deficient of IL-4 signals fail to develop MMC9s and become resistant to IgE-mediated food allergy. However, it remains unclear whether IL-4 can directly regulate the development and function of MMC9s. In a skin sensitization induced food allergy model, Il4RaF709 mice which have gain-of-function mutations in IL-4Ra were found to produce much higher levels of ovalbumin (OVA) specific IgE and mast cell protease-1 in blood and became more susceptible to experimental food allergy. While the occurrence of MMC9s and type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were comparable between wild type (WT) and Il4RaF709 mice, repeated OVA ingestions induced significant increase of CD4+TH2 cell occurrence and MC numbers in the small intestine of Il4RaF709 mice than those in WT mice. Furthermore, IL-4 treatments induced bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) from Il4RaF709 mice to produce much more IL-13 and TNF-α than those by WT BMMCs. These results suggest that IL-4 signal provided by CD4+TH2 cells may directly potentiate TH2 effector function of MMC9s and promote the differentiation of MMC9s into intestinal mature MCs, resulting in the increased intestinal hypersensitivity to ingested food allergens. Detailed mechanistic studies of IL-4 signaling in MMC9 development and function may provide therapeutic insights into the preventions and treatments of food allergy.