Biosynthesis Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using extract from Daucus carota L leaves and the antibacterial activity against foodborne bacteria

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using extract from Daucus carota L leaves and the antibacterial activity against foodborne bacteria

Highly Antifungal Activity of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles against Candida albicans.

Candida albicans (ATCC SC5314) was exposed to biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) to determine their inhibitory capacity. Nanoparticles were polydisperse of small size (5.8 ± 3.5 nm) with irregular shape. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against C. albicans was 35.5 µg/mL. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of C. albicans was verified when exposed to different concentrations of CuONPs. Ultrastructural analysis of C. albicans revealed a high concentration of CuONPs in the cytoplasm and outside the cell; also, nanoparticles were detected within the cell wall. Cytotoxic analyses using fibroblasts (L929), macrophages (RAW 264.7), and breast (MCF-12) cell lines show good results of cell viability when exposed at the MIC. Additionally, a hemocompatibility analysis was carried out and was found to be below 5%, considered the threshold for biocompatibility. Therefore, it is concluded that the biosynthesized CuONPs have a high potential for developing a topical antifungal treatment.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Abutilon indicum leaves extract and their evaluation of antibacterial, anticancer in human A549 lung and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

In currently, biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are most widely used numerous in biological applications such as biosensor, energy, medicine, agriculture, environmental and industrial wastewater treatment. The hierarchical CuO NPs was synthesized via green chemistry method by using of Abutilon indicum (A. indicum) leaf extract, its nontoxic, facile and low-cost approaches. Biogenic synthesized CuO NPs was characterized by using a UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field mission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The synthesized CuO NPs was performed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic organisms of both Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by using agar well diffusion method. Biological synthesized CuO NPs was showed potential bactericidal activity against Gram positive bacteria of B. subtilis than compared to Gram negative bacteria of E. coli. The cytotoxic effect of A. indicum mediated synthesized CuO NPs was evaluated against to human lung A549 and breast MDA-MB-231cancer cell lines by determined using of MTT assay. In furthermore, photocatalytic dye degradation was performed that synthesized CuO NPs have effectively removed 78% of malachite green dye molecule. Our investigation results suggested that the green synthesized CuO NPs potential biological activity of antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacterial, anticancer activity was effectively against MDA-MB-231cancer cell line and good dye degradation was exhibited in malachite green. The A. indicum aqueous leaf extract mediated synthesized CuO NPs has strongly suggested promising nano-biomaterials for fabrication of biomedical applications.

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles mediated Annona muricata as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducer factor in breast cancer cell lines

This study investigated for the first time a simple bio-synthesis approach for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Annona muricata L (A. muricata) plant extract to test their anti-cancer effects. The presence of CuONPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antiproliferative properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against (AMJ-13), (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines, and the human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100) as healthy cells. This study indicates that CuONPs reduced cell proliferation for AMJ-13 and MCF-7. HBL-100 cells were not significantly inhibited for several concentration levels or test periods. The outcomes suggest that the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles acted against the growth of specific cell lines observed in breast cancer. It was observed that cancer cells had minor colony creation after 24 h sustained CuONPs exposure using (IC50) concentration for AMJ-13 was (17.04 µg mL−1). While for MCF-7 cells was (18.92 µg mL−1). It indicates the uptake of CuONPs by cancer cells, triggering apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with CuONPs enhanced Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, probably caused by cell membrane damage, creating leaks comprising cellular substances like lactate dehydrogenase. Hence, research results suggested that the synthesized CuONPs precipitated anti-proliferative effects by triggering cell death through apoptosis.

Biosynthesis of Eudrilus eugeniae vermi wash based enzyme decorated copper oxide nanoparticles towards seed germination of green gram

The present investigation explore the biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by simple Co-precipitation method using Eudrilus eugeniae vermi wash and its applications to the seed germination of green gram (Vigna radiata). UV–Visible Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm the formation of CuO and its interaction with the functional group of enzymes present in the vermin wash. X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy; Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis reveals the crystalline structure morphology, and elements of the CuO NPs. In order to evaluate the bio-potential properties of CuO NPs, a seed germination studies were carried out with green gram (V. radiata) with different concentrations of CuO NPs, and the result reveals that CuO NPs show a positive influence on the germination of green gram.

Biosynthesis and extrinsic toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles against cattle parasites: An eco-friendly approach

Plant extracts' ability to collect metals and decrease metal ions makes them a superior candidate for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles; hence, they are referred to as bio-nano factories since both living and dead dried biomass are employed to produce metallic nanoparticles. The antiparasitic activity of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) was examined against cow tick larvae (Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, and Hippobosca maculata). These parasitic larvae were treated with various concentrations of methanolic leaf extract of A. marmelos (MLE-AM) and biosynthesized CuO NPs for 24 h. CuO NPs were synthesized quickly using A. marmelos leaf extract, and nanoparticle synthesis was identified within 15 min. The results from characteristic XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TEM analyses confirmed the biosynthesis of CuO NPs. The presence of 26-Hydroxycholesterol was discovered as the predominant chemical present in the GC-MS analysis of MLE-AM. The maximum efficacy was observed in biosynthesized CuO NPs against R. microplus larvae, H. bispinosa adults, and Hip. maculata larvae (LC50 = 4.30, 9.50, and 11.13 mg/L; and LC90 = 8.30, 19.57, and 21.65 mg/L; and 6.219, 6.547, and 2.587). Overall, the bio-fabrication of CuO NPs has the potential to develop better and safer antiparasitic control techniques.

Biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) enhances the anti-biofilm efficacy against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus

In this experimental study was designed to synthesis the CuO NPs using medicinal plant ofMoringa oleiferafor eradicate the biofilm formation. In result, the UV-spectrum of the synthesized CuO NPs subjected to the range between 200 and 600 nm. Among these, the prominent absorbance peak at 430 nm indicated the peak was held to the copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs). The particle size of biosynthesized CuO NPs varied from 90 nm to 250 nm with more than 50% distribution appearing between 130 nm and 170 nm. In addition, it was further confirmed by PSA, SEM, TEM and SAED of irregular shape and also crystalline nature. All the synthesis and characterization results were clearly supported to the result and confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticle is CuO NPs. Further, the biosynthesized CuO NPs was performed against biofilm forming K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and A. baumannii. The anti-bacterial activity result was shown with 20 mm, 14 mm and 18 mm zone of inhibition against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and A. baumannii. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration result was more evident, that the CuO NPs has excellent anti-biofilm activity at 1000 µg/mL concentration. Furthermore, the decreased survival rate of the CuO NPs was observed at 1000 µg /mL concentration by liquid survival degradation assay. Overall, all the results were clearly confirmed that the CuO NPs has excellent anti-biofilm ability against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and A. baumannii.

Facile synthesis route for chitosan nanoparticles doped with various concentrations of the biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles: Electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties

Green and sustainable synthesis has proven a significant efficiency for the fabrication of nanoparticles. Herein, guava leaves extract rich in carbohydrates, polyphenols, and other natural components were used to prepare copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) without harsh conditions. Then CuONPs with different concentrations were blended with as-prepared ion tropically chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs). The findings demonstrated the successful preparation of CuONPs in small spherical size, implying that guava leaves extract can act as a potential power for such preparation. In addition, CHNPs acted as a stabilizing agent for CuONPs, enhancing the stability and preventing the agglomeration of these nanoparticles to cluster particles. As the frequency increased, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss activity decreased. When the contents of CuONPs grew, the electrical conductivity increased. The antibacterial of the nanocomposites was hard against two pathogenic microbes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, CuONPs-doped CHNPs may indeed be produced using this approach without needing organic solvents, costly raw ingredients, or complex equipment to enhance the electrical conductivity and antibacterial features of CHNPs. Apart from its simplicity, this approach produces nanoparticles with ease, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and without contaminations or pollution.

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its therapeutic efficacy against colon cancer

Abstract In the present study, pumpkin seed extract was used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) along with evaluating its anticancer activity using different molecular biology tools in the human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT-116). Morphological and structural properties of the biogenically synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For estimating the anticancer efficacy, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity, morphological alteration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined. SEM and TEM data revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles possessing an average size of 20 nm. The CuO NPs showed 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL against the HCT-116 cell line. The treatment with IC50 concentration of CuO NPs showed significant shrinking, detachment, membrane blebbing, and shape distortion of cancer cells. Similarly, the IC50 dose of CuO NPs showed significantly early apoptosis in cancer cells compared to late apoptosis. The cancer cell line also showed a dose-dependent increase and decrease in ROS formation and MMP, respectively. The results obtained through various assays indicated significant anticancer efficacy of biogenically synthesized CuO NPs. Thus, further studies are recommended to validate our results using ex vivo and in vivo models.

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Rubia cordifolia bark extract: characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, larvicidal and photocatalytic activities.

Rubia cordifolia represents the pivotal plant resource belonging to traditional Chinese medicine and Indian Ayurveda. The present study aims to synthesize biocompatible copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using R. cordifolia bark extracts, characterize the incumbent chemical transitions, and explore their biomedical and environmental applications. The absorbance peak between 250 and 300nm clearly demonstrates the formation of CuONPs in the UV-visible spectrum. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed the presence of functional groups essential for copper ion reduction. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that the CuONPs are spherical-shaped with a mean particle size of 50.72nm. Additionally, the zeta potential demonstrates its robustness at 11.2mV. X-ray diffraction pattern showed mixed phases (Cu, Cu2O, and CuO) of cubic monoclinic crystalline nature. CuONPs exhibited noticeable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial cell damages were affirmed through FE-SEM imaging when treated with CuONPs. Further, CuONPs demonstrated considerable antioxidant activities by quenching free radicals such as DPPH (60.75%), ABTs (70.88%), nitric oxide (65.48%) and reducing power (71.44%) in a dose-dependent way. CuONPs showed significant larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (65 ± 8.66%), Anopheles stephensi (80 ± 13.69%), and Culex quinquefasciatus (72 ± 13.04%) mosquito larvae. The photocatalytic activity of the CuONPs demonstrates the methylene blue (81.84%) and crystal violet (64.0%) dye degradation potentials, indicating the environmental bioremediation efficacy. Hence the present study is the first report in accounting for the versatile applications of the phyto-CuONPs. Moreover, the green synthesis of CuONPS has future applications in designing the drug for life-threatening diseases and various environmental issues.

Potential antimicrobial, antidiabetic, catalytic, antioxidant and ROS/RNS inhibitory activities of Silybum marianum mediated biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles.

Use of medicinal plants for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles offers several advantages over other synthesis approaches. Plants contain a variety of bioactive compounds that can participate in reduction and capping of nanoparticles. Plant mediated synthesis has the leverage of cost effectiveness, eco-friendly approach and sustained availability. In the current study Silybum marianum, a medicinally valuable plant rich in silymarin content, is used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the fabrication of nanoparticles. Biosynthesized CuO-NPs were characterized using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. Characterization revealed that CuO-NPs having a crystalline structure showed spherical morphology with an average size of 15 nm. HPLC analysis demonstrated conjugation of various silymarin components, especially the presence of silybin A (705.06 ± 1.59 mg g−1 DW). CuO-NPs exhibited strong bactericidal potency against clinically important pathogenic bacterial strains e.g. Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella typhi with an inhibition zone of 18 ± 1.3 mm and 17 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. Synthesized nanoparticles indicated a dose dependent cytotoxic effect against fibroblast cells exhibiting a percentage cell viability of 83.60 ± 1.505% and 55.1 ± 1.80% at 25 μg mL−1 and 100 μg mL−1 concentration, respectively. Moreover, CuO-NPs displayed higher antioxidant potential in terms of (TAC: 96.9 ± 0.26 μg AAE/mg), (TRP: 68.8 ± 0.35 μg AAE/mg), (DPPH: 55.5 ± 0.62%), (ABTS: 332.34 μM) and a significant value for (FRAP: 215.40 μM). Furthermore, enzyme inhibition assays also exhibited excellent enzyme inhibition potential against α-amylase (35.5 ± 1.54%), urease (78.4 ± 1.26%) and lipase (80.50.91%), respectively. Overall findings indicated that biosynthesized CuO-NPs possess immense in vitro biological and biomedical properties and could be used as a broad-spectrum agent for a wider range of biomedical applications.

Prosopis cineraria leaf extract mediated green biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles

Present study reports biosynthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract from an important plant of hot deserts in India by a green environment friendly method. This is the first report on biosynthesis of any metal nanoparticles using Prosopis cineraria. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that hexagonal and spherical copper oxide nanoparticles of dimensions 11–43 nm were synthesized from copper acetate using leaf extract of Prosopis cineraria. Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray, which showed signals for copper and oxygen, and UV–visible absorption spectrum which showed the surface plasmonic resonance peak characterizing copper oxide nanoparticles at 380 nm. Moreover, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which reduced copper acetate into copper oxide nanoparticles through carbonyl and hydroxyl linkages formed from extract on copper oxide nanoparticles. Results of various analysis confirmed the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Prosopis cineraria.

Anticancer mechanism of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CPNPS)

CPNPS synthesis is an important engine in biomedical research with a scalable scale and desired functionality. Although these props are focused largely on synthetic methods, the advancement accomplished in this area has reported a direct influence on morphology and biomedical characteristics of synthesis and surface modifiers. Sensing is a significant use of nanomaterial in consideration of small dimensions and their peculiar physicochemical characteristics, but the trend has changed over the last few years towards the "teranotic" combination on a single platform of sensing and therapeutic properties. CPNPSs have been used successfully in vivo and in vitro for identification and targeting, but before commercial implementation, several primary obstacles remain.

Biosynthesis of Copper Oxide Nanomaterials Using the Seeds of Date Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Green chemistry approach is a simple, eco-friendly, less toxic, cost-effective and biological method. <i>Phoenix dactylifera </i>seed extract has been used as a reducing and capping agent for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanomaterials. This approach had forewarned the interest in researching natural waste products to increase the usage of alternative therapies for infectious diseases. The present investigation determined the production of biogenic copper oxide nanomaterials using the seeds of date fruits (<i>Phoenix dactylifera </i>L.) by green approaches and an eco-friendly process. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Extract of seeds of date fruits acted as potential and effective bio capping and reductant agents for bio-synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. The properties of biogenic copper oxide nanomaterials were assessed and characterized by the FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD and TGA analysis. <b>Results:</b> All the characterization results were confirming that produced copper oxide nanomaterials are spherical in shape with a size of 30±6 nm. Synthesized copper oxide nanomaterials are highly pure forms and resistant to high temperatures. Further, the antibacterial activity of green synthesized copper oxide nanomaterials against human bacterial pathogens was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition was obtained in <i>E. coli</i> as compared to the positive control (tetracycline). <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of the antibacterial assay indicate that biogenic copper oxide nanomaterials should be considered as an antibacterial agent for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.

Microwave‐Assisted Biosynthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Atalantia monophylla (L.) Leaf Extract and its Biomedical Applications

AbstractThe facile and rapid biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (AM‐CuONPs) using Atalantia monophylla leaves extract under microwave irradiation is investigated. Optical and structural characterizations confirm the synthesis of spherical to rod‐shaped phase pure AM‐CuONPs. The antibacterial activity of AM‐CuONPs is higher with Gram‐positive bacteria compared to Gram‐negative bacteria. The antioxidant potential of AM‐CuONPs is reflected in radical scavenging activities in a concentration‐dependent manner, tested by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 3‐ethylenebenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid diammonium salt assay. The promising anticancer activity of AM‐CuONPs is observed by killing ∼80 % of HeLa cells without affecting normal human embryonic kidney cells. The results reveal the potential of biosynthesized AM‐CuONPs for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer applications.

Purpureocillium lilacinum Mediated Biosynthesis Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with Promising Removal of Dyes

Biosynthesized nanoparticles have a huge perspective. It is an environment-friendly, cost-efficient, reproducible, and energy-efficient method compared to physical or chemical synthesis. In the present study, biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONP) was done using Purpureocillium lilacinum. Characterization of synthesized CuONP was done by using UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM, and XRD analysis. UV–vis gave characteristic SPR peak for CuONP at 360 nm. TEM image reveals that the morphology of biosynthesized CuONP was spherical, and their size range between 4.03nm to 8.83nm. The XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of CuO with a size range of 6-26.6nm. Further comparative study of photocatalytic degradation of navy blue and safranin using CuONP was done. CuO-NPs exhibited potential catalytic activity in navy blue (57.5 %) and safranin (63 %), respectively.

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using biomass, peel, and extract polysaccharides of Solanum Tuberosum for ultrasound‐assisted adsorption of azo direct red 80 contaminants

Bio-fabrication of nanomaterials using plant polysaccharides has recently attracted much scientific attention due to its low cost and simple operation. The green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles as adsorbent is performed for the removal of azo direct red 80 contaminants from aqueous solution with adsorption and ultrasonic-assisted adsorption processes. The biomass, peel, and extract polysaccharides of Solanum Tuberosum were applied as eco-friendly stabilizing agents to synthesize nanoparticles. The CuO nanoparticles were characterized using FESEM, XRD, BET, and antibacterial activity tests. The CuO nanoparticles biosynthesized from peel extract have better structural properties as compared to the nanoparticles prepared from biomass and extract of Solanum Tuberosum. The result showed that the average crystallite size of the CuO nanoparticles was about 25 nm with a specific surface area of 16.35 m2/g. The adsorption capacities of 13.09 and 14.07 mg/g were obtained for dye removal with the adsorption and ultrasonic-assisted adsorption processes. Adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the contribution of intra-particle diffusion was also observed. The adsorption potential of the nanoparticles in adsorption and ultrasonic-assisted adsorption processes was assessed for binary dye solution with synergetic effect. The CuO nanoparticle has shown its high regeneration ability even after 4 consecutive cycles of regeneration-reuse.

Green synthesis of pure copper oxide nanoparticles using Quercus infectoria galls extract, thermal behavior and their antimicrobial effects

In this work, a facile and fast green synthesis of highly stable and well-dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) was successfully carried out using aqueous extract of galls of Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria) as a reducing and capping agent along with ultrasonic irradiation. XRD pattern indicated the formation of the end-centered monoclinic structure of highly pure CuO-NPs with a crystallite size of 30 nm. SEM image of CuO-NPs exhibited spherical morphology with an average size of 20 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy clearly demonstrated the presence of copper and oxygen elements that confirms the purity of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. TEM image revealed that the morphology of CuO-NPs was spherical. Antibacterial activity of the Q. infectoria galls extract and CuO-NPs was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria and four Gram-negative bacteria. The novelty of this study is that for the first time galls of Q. infectoria were used for the synthesis of CuO-NPs. The results confirmed that CuO-NPs have been successfully synthesized in a fast, cost effectively, eco-environmentally friendly, nontoxic and also easy method. Antibacterial assays revealed that CuO-NPs are potentially a good source of antimicrobial activity and demonstrating its importance for applying in biomedicine, packaging and general usage such as battery and ceramics.

Efficacy Assessment of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on Stored Grain Insects and Their Impacts on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant.

Simple SummaryIn the current study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were successfully formed through the reduction of CuSO4·5H2O by the activity of Aspergillus niger strain (G3-1) metabolites. The as-formed CuO-NPs were characterized by UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed the efficacy of fungal metabolites to fabricate crystallographic, spherical CuO-NPs with sizes of 14.0 to 47.4 nm at varied bending energies. The biosynthesized CuO-NPs exhibited activity against two wheat grain insects, Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica, in a size- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the lower CuO-NP concentrations had beneficial effects on the morphological and physiological aspects of wheat plants, without displaying any toxicity or repression of growth.Herein, CuO-NPs were fabricated by harnessing metabolites of Aspergillus niger strain (G3-1) and characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and XPS. Spherical, crystallographic CuO-NPs were synthesized in sizes ranging from 14.0 to 47.4 nm, as indicated by TEM and XRD. EDX and XPS confirmed the presence of Cu and O with weight percentages of 62.96% and 22.93%, respectively, at varied bending energies. FT-IR spectra identified functional groups of metabolites that could act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents to the CuO-NPs. The insecticidal activity of CuO-NPs against wheat grain insects Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica was dose- and time-dependent. The mortality percentages due to NP treatment were 55–94.4% (S. granarius) and 70–90% (R. dominica). A botanical experiment was done in a randomized block design. Low CuO-NP concentration (50 ppm) caused significant increases in growth characteristics (shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and leaves number), photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), and antioxidant enzymes of wheat plants. There was no significant change in carbohydrate or protein content. The use of CuO-NPs is a promising tool to control grain insects and enhance wheat growth performance.

Molecular Study of Acute Toxicity of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Adult Zebra Fishes

Molecular Study of Acute Toxicity of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Adult Zebra Fishes