Biometric Devices Research Articles

Biomedical Applications Based on Mobile Phone Cell Network Systems

The paper focuses on the functionality and effectiveness of wireless mobile medical devices in tele-biomedical applications with the development of mobile wireless techniques. Medical implementation is a field for supporting the future of wireless networking. A patient who is remotely situated can be treated remotely by communicating their status to caregivers in real-time. The e-healthcare devices were created mainly to observe physiological parameters such as body temperature, level of oxygen saturation, heart rate, amount of blood sugar, blood pressure, etc. With the development of wireless technologies, however, there has been a variety of variations and improvements in e-healthcare systems. Tele-biomedical apps with wireless networks for mobile communications such as telemedicine is a distant medical practice that enables cooperation between distinct people and promotes their collaborative attempts to diagnose or treat illness through IT and telecommunications. Medical servers and databases are remote computers that assist medical personnel and hospitals analyze and monitor vital signs and provide patients with adequate facilities in real time. The tele-biomedical environment is a general word used for the use of mobile phones (handheld devices) and other wireless systems and communication devices to inform users or customers of medical preventive healthcare facilities. The scheme launched applications that can adapt to other illnesses, including elevated BP, diabetes and fever, through biometric devices such as thermometers, glucometers and densitometers to transmit patient data from an Android application based on the user's sensitivity to a social media scheme, such as a software application to monitor children's vaccination coverage.

A Decentralized Lightweight Authentication and Privacy Protocol for Vehicular Networks

Recently many security protocols have been proposed for road safety applications in Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. Most of them, however, do not fully satisfy the requirements of light-weight and fast processing, which are special properties for V2X. Most of the previous authentication protocols assume that a Certificate Authority (CA) is present within the communication range from all the vehicles, which is not practical for moving vehicles. We propose a light-weight security protocol for authentication and privacy protection for V2X. It employs two security hardware devices, Biometric Device (BD) and Tamper Proof Device (TPD), which verifies the driver and securely keeps the keys, respectively. It decentralizes the CA's tasks by locally generating pseudo-identity and private keys to preserve privacy and provide authentication in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. In addition, we propose an authentication signature protocol using a notion of hash-chain key generation. We implemented the proposed key generation and authentication protocol using NS-3 simulator. Our extensive simulations demonstrated that the proposed authentication protocol significantly enhances the security level while protecting the conditional privacy of vehicles by utilizing anonymous identities. The proposed protocol has a 20% ~ 85% less communication overhead compared with the previous protocols.

Diagnostic station for a multibiometric system for a selected transport object

Multibiometric systems used in transport objects, in contradistinction to "ordinary" biometric systems, use several recognition techniques, e.g. fingerprint, iris, voice or face. Biometric devices are sometimes part of electronic security systems. These systems are currently installed in many transport facilities - stationary and non-stationary where there is a lot of personal traffic. These devices are most often used in extensive areas, airports, logistics bases or railway stations. The article presents issues concerning the diagnostic position for a biometric system which has in its structure several simple identification techniques.

Establishing Digital Biomarkers for Occupational Health Assessment in Commercial Salmon Fishermen: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study.

BackgroundCommercial salmon fishing in Alaska is one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. Between 1992 and 2008, the average annual industry mortality rate was 128 deaths per 100,000 workers, and despite an increase in industry regulations, there has not been a significant decrease in mortality rate since 2000. Unpredictable fishing openings and fierce competition for limited resources result in periods of intense sleep deprivation and physical strain during the short commercial salmon season in Alaska.ObjectiveWe hypothesize that the combined effect of sleep deprivation, intense physical workload, and significant short-term chronic stress may be deleterious to health in both the short- and long-term among commercial salmon drift gillnet fishermen in Alaska. The objective of this protocol is to determine the feasibility of the study design to test this hypothesis.MethodsThe study design uses mixed methods and includes biometric monitoring consisting of heart rate variability, respiration, and movement data collected via a personal, wearable biometric device. Additional methods include observational data on activity, including duration and quality of sleep, weather, catch, and financial gain, as well as the collection of salivary cortisol. As such, the study will provide a holistic assessment of individual stress on multiple simultaneous timescales: immediately and continuously through the personal wearable biometric device, on the minute-hour level through the multiple daily collections of salivary cortisol, and by the hour-day through the use of participant and environment observational data.ResultsData collection was initiated in July 2017 and will extend through August 2019. Initial data collection has indicated that the methods outlined in this protocol are feasible and allow for effective collection of qualitative and quantitative data related to the psychological and physiological impact of Alaska commercial salmon fishing.ConclusionsWe anticipate that the use of a biometric device will be crucial in establishing measures of stress and physical activity within a population and environment uniquely challenged by physical isolation, strong weather patterns, and the potential for significant financial gain by fishermen. The potential exists for individuals engaged long-term in the fishing industry, through repeated and extended exposure to periods of intense sleep deprivation and chronic stress, to be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/10215

Mastering Lens Calculations: New Formulas and Comparisons

To provide a glimpse into some of the newer methods of performing IOL calculations and recent literature on which formulas and calculation strategies have been recommended for a certain subset of eyes. A literature review was performed to investigate all the relevant, recently published studies on the progress, comparisons, and recent advancements of IOL calculations. Based on this review, the appropriate history, evolution, progress, limitation, and recent advancements are analyzed and explained. A plethora of IOL formulas and calculation strategies have been developed to help surgeons achieve the most desired post-operative outcome for their patients. Modern IOL formulas, calculation strategies, and biometric devices perform well for average eyes; however, they remain less optimal for eyes with atypical biometric parameters. There is no single solution that has been deemed as the perfect formula which can simplify the process and consistently provide accurate results for all types of eyes. Over the years, a number of different formula optimization strategies have been devised for traditional IOL formulas and newer, more sophisticated IOL formulas with advanced mathematical algorithms have been developed. By addition of new input parameters and use of complex mathematics to better estimate post-operative lens position, these solutions may minimize refractive error. These methods may provide increasing improvement in both typical and atypical eyes in the years to come.

Accuracy of SS-OCT biometry compared with partial coherence interferometry biometry for combined phacovitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling

To evaluate the accuracy of a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer compared with a standard partial coherence interferometry (PCI) biometer in terms of phacovitrectomy for vitreomacular pathology and cataract. Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. Prospective, nonrandomized, single center consecutive case series. Patients with age-related cataract, regular corneal astigmatism less than 1.25 diopters (D) and a clinically significant vitreomacular pathology (epiretinal membrane [ERM], macular hole, or vitreomacular traction [VMT] syndrome) who had combined phacovitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling were enrolled. Objective and manifest refraction, corrected distance visual acuity, SS-OCT biometry, and PCI biometry were obtained preoperatively and 3months postoperatively. The refractive prediction error and mean absolute error (MAE) were calculated for each biometric device with the Haigis formula. The percentage of eyes with a prediction error within ±0.50 D or less were calculated. The study comprised 79 eyes of 79 patients. The mean refractive prediction error of all eyes was -0.27 D ± 0.76 (SD) for the PCI biometer and -0.28±0.57 D for theSS-OCT biometer (P=.802), and the MAE was 0.61±0.53D and 0.46±0.43 D, respectively (P=.012). A prediction error within ±0.50 D or less was observed in 55 eyes (70%) with the SS-OCT biometer compared with 42 eyes (53%) with the PCI biometer (P=.0001). The MAE with the SS-OCT biometer was statistically significantly lower in eyes with ERMs or macular holes compared with the PCI biometer (P=.043 and P=.028, respectively), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in eyes with VMT syndrome (P=.286). The SS-OCT biometer showed a statistically significant lower MAE compared with the PCI biometer, and it is recommended for precise intraocular lens power calculations in combined phacovitrectomy for cataract and vitreomacular diseases.

Dissonance of Selected Neuroscience Techniques at Detection of Emotions in Advertising Spots

In addition to advanced brain imaging techniques and growing interest in the study of consumer reactions with influence of marketing stimuli a new interdisciplinary study has developed on a borderland of neuroscience, economic and psychological studies – neuromarketing. Despite a certain form of insecurity whether the brain imaging technologies provide useful information for control of marketing, more and more marketers identify with their application in conventional market research. The main aim of this contribution is to clarify the influence of a selected advertising spot on the final emotional state of consumers by researching a brain activity of respondents and activity of somatic nervous system, specifically the face expressions. Cortical brain activity was detected by 16channel wireless electroencephalograph by Epoc and changes of mimic muscles were monitored by a biometric device the Facereader by Noldus. The subject of the research is the dissonance of the selected neuroscience techniques with influence of chosen advertising emotional appeals like fear, disgust and sadness. In the end of our contribution, the way of using the neuroscience technology and psychology for detection of consumer emotional involvement of consumers is explained.

Anthropocentric urban sustainability: Human significance in building automation

As sustainability in cities relies more on measurement technologies, and biometric devices -- communicative biological measurement technologies -- proliferate, building automation threatens to extend technological systems beyond the involvement of the people living in the buildings. Too many technological expectations of building users can lead to building system failure, but this article argues that attempts to uproot anthropocentricism -- the centric focus on humans -- can be just as erroneous, leading instead to technocentricism. Combining concepts from the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) Science & Technology Studies (STS), this paper uses Active House building demonstrations to illustrate how building users’ interactions with technology serve to shape technological design bidirectionally with users, driving design that is relevant for and meaningful in sustainable cities. It presents potential modes of agency and a model of how experimental, interactive design within developing systems proceeds through stages of piloting, automation, overshoot, and then balance. This paper advances the discussion of the future of urban sustainability in that it: a) proposes a combination of TAM and STS, b) argues that experimentation is needed for sustainability-oriented technological systems, and c) presents modes of agency and a model that can be used to guide design.

Biometric Bodies, Or How to Make Electronic Fingerprinting Work in India

The rapid spread of electronic fingerprinting not only creates new regimes of surveillance but compels users to adopt novel ways of performing their bodies to suit the new technology. This ethnography uses two Indian case studies – of a welfare office and a workplace – to unpack the processes by which biometric devices become effective tools for determining identity. While in the popular imaginary biometric technology is often associated with providing disinterested and thus objective evaluation of identity, in practice ‘failures to enrol’ and ‘false rejects’ frequently cause crises of representation. People address these by tinkering with their bodies and changing the rules, and in the process craft biometric bodies. These are assembled bodies that link people and objects in ways considered advantageous for specific identity regimes. By using assemblage theory, the article proposes an alternative interpretation of new surveillance regimes as fluid practices that solidify through the agency of multiple actors who naturalize particular power/knowledge arrangements.

Sensing and Storing the Blood Pressure Measure by Patients through A Platform and Mobile Devices †.

In this article, we present a platform that allows for the integration of different applications for the follow-up of patients with chronic diseases. We developed two elements: a mobile and a web application. The mobile application allows the capture and processing of vital signs for patients with high blood pressure (hypertension). This application allows for the patient to store the data obtained, provides historical information and trends of the stored measures, and provides alerts and recommendations according to ranges of measures that were obtained. The web application allows the doctor and patients to obtain updated information of the disease behavior through the measures obtained. We used different biometric devices including an efimomanometer, glucometer, scale, and a thermometer with a wi-fi connection. Through this web application, we also generated information about average measures at a given time, by age, by region, and by a specific date. The developed system was evaluated in a medical center with different types of patients.

High-performance Ring-LWE Cryptography Scheme for Biometric Data Security

The rapid growth of using biometric devices for authentication and the fast development of the quantum computer means stronger and more reliable security services are needed for biometric data protection. This paper presents a novel ring-learning with errors (ring-LWE) cryptography scheme and a post-quantum cryptosystem for biometric data security. By using parallel multiplication and parallel addition in ring-LWE cryptography operations, the total encryption and decryption time can be significantly reduced. As a result, the proposed highperformance ring-LWE cryptography scheme outperforms existing cryptosystems in terms of processing time for text message encryption and decryption. Moreover, compared to the scheme implemented on a central processing unit (CPU), the proposed scheme on a graphics processing unit (GPU) can reduce encryption and decryption times for biometric images by up to 20 times and four times, respectively. A performance analysis of entropy and the similarity of the encrypted image generated by the proposed scheme also demonstrate improvement in the confidentiality of the cipher image, compared to previous works.

SECURING SMART HOMES USING FACE RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES

Smart Home Technology is advancing at an exponential rate. Smart homes are no different from a small corporate network, and as such, they need similar levels of security, especially when we consider the growing trend of working from home. Smart homes need a smart Security device. With the implementation of Biometric devices, one can secure their houses as long as ensure their devices are protected of intrusion by unknown sources. Facial recognition technology has many important applications in home automation as well as in other sectors. a. It plays a key role in home automation by keeping one’s home secure. An advanced facial recognition technology will be able to recognize the moment it spots one’s face.

The Use of Biometric Technology in the Success of the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria

The use of technological devices in the electoral process has been seen as the solution to electoral fraud and manipulations in many fledgling democracies in Africa. Technological innovations such as biometric devices have reinforced democratic quality of elections, ensuring electoral integrity in many countries in Africa. The study examines the uses of biometric technology in the 2015 elections in Nigeria. This paper argues that although these technological innovations encountered some change in the 2015 elections, these innovations enhanced the free and fair character, credibility and legitimacy of the 2015 elections when compared to previous elections since 1999 in Nigeria. While the paper adopted a qualitative research method it concludes on the need for INEC to undertake critical training of their officials, as well as rigorous education of the political elites on the efficient use of the card readers and the implication for democratic consolidation in Nigeria.

Agreement of Axial Length Measurements by Three Different Biometric Devices

Agreement of Axial Length Measurements by Three Different Biometric Devices

Analysis between two optical biometric devices in patients with cataract

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation of optical biometry and target with variable ages, anterior chamber depth, axial length, R1/K1 and R2/K2 established by two optical biometry devices in patients with cataract. Methods: The study included the analysis of 348 medical records, from which 503 cataract eyes were selected, which underwent evaluation by the optical biometric devices IOL Master 700 and Lenstar LS 900 in the period of April to July 2017. Data collected were: age, anterior chamber depth, axial length, R1/K1 and R2/K2. Results: The average of the biometrics obtained using Lenstar was 21.02, varying 3.46, more or less, with an average target of -0.02, varying 0.45. In relation to the IOL Master it was 21.19, with a variation of 3.40 and average target of -0.01, a variation of 0.11. It can be observed that despite close values in relation to the mean, there was significance (p<0.001). Axial length (p<0.001) and R1/K1 (p<0.001) had an influence on the difference of the biometric values between the devices. Conclusion: A high degree of clinical and statistical correspondence was observed between the results obtained by the biometry devices in patients with cataract.

Carbon Nanotube Embedded Nanostructure for Biometrics.

Low electric energy loss is a very important problem to minimize the decay of transferred energy intensity due to impedance mismatch. This issue has been dealt with by adding an impedance matching layer at the interface between two media. A strategy was proposed to improve the charge transfer from the human body to a biometric device by using an impedance matching nanostructure. Nanocomposite pattern arrays were fabricated with shape memory polymer and carbon nanotubes. The shape recovery ability of the nanopatterns enhanced durability and sustainability of the structure. It was found that the composite nanopatterns improved the current transfer by two times compared with the nonpatterned composite sample. The underlying mechanism of the enhanced charge transport was understood by carrying out a numerical simulation. We anticipate that this study can provide a new pathway for developing advanced biometric devices with high sensitivity to biological information.

Comparison of the biometric measurements calculated with Zeiss IOL-Master and WaveLight OB-820.

BackgroundThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the level of agreement between IOL-Master and OB-820 ocular biometers.Materials and methodsIn this prospective randomized case series, we measured the anterior chamber depth (ACD), the axial length (AL), the corneal radii (R1, R2), the ratio of mean corneal radius and spherical equivalent and the corneal astigmatism (cylinder [Cyl]) before and after cataract extraction surgery.ResultsSignificant differences between pre- and postoperative data were observed for ACD for both biometric devices (P<0.01) and Cyl parameter in IOL-Master. Range and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were clinically significantly different for AL parameter pre- and postoperatively and for R2 and radius and spherical equivalent postoperatively (P<0.001). The rest of the parameters presented sufficient 95% LoA, which imply good agreement.ConclusionIn clinical practice, the IOL-master and OB-820 should not be used interchangeably due to discrepancy in the important AL parameter. Both biometers may provide consistent results regarding Cyl, ACD and R1.

Activity Learning as a Foundation for Security Monitoring in Smart Homes.

Smart environment technology has matured to the point where it is regularly used in everyday homes as well as research labs. With this maturation of the technology, we can consider using smart homes as a practical mechanism for improving home security. In this paper, we introduce an activity-aware approach to security monitoring and threat detection in smart homes. We describe our approach using the CASAS smart home framework and activity learning algorithms. By monitoring for activity-based anomalies we can detect possible threats and take appropriate action. We evaluate our proposed method using data collected in CASAS smart homes and demonstrate the partnership between activity-aware smart homes and biometric devices in the context of the CASAS on-campus smart apartment testbed.

Novel wearable-type biometric devices based on skin tissue optics with multispectral LED–photodiode matrix

In this study, we examined the possibility of using a multispectral skin photomatrix (MSP) module as a novel biometric device. The MSP device measures optical patterns of the wrist skin tissue. Optical patterns consist of 2 × 8 photocurrent intensities of photodiode arrays, which are generated by optical transmission and diffuse reflection of photons from LED light sources with variable wavelengths into the wrist skin tissue. Optical patterns detected by the MSP device provide information on both the surface and subsurface characteristics of the human skin tissue. We found that in the 21 subjects we studied, they showed their unique characteristics, as determined using several wavelengths of light. The experimental results show that the best personal identification accuracy can be acquired using a combination of infrared light and yellow light. This novel biometric device, the MSP module, exhibited an excellent false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0.3% and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 0.0%, which are better than those of commercialized biometric devices such as a fingerprint biometric system. From these experimental results, we found that people exhibit unique optical patterns of their inner-wrist skin tissue and this uniqueness could be used for developing novel high-accuracy personal identification devices.

OPTICAL BIOMETRY OF THE EYE: THE PRINCIPLE AND THE DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF THE METHOD

Optical biometry is based on the laser interferometry technique for the measurement of the biometric characteristics of the eyes, such as the antero-posterior axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens and retina thickness, corneal diameter and parameters of keratometry. The present article was designed to overview the basic principles of this method, its advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications for its application. The comparative analysis of the characteristics of the following optical biometric devices was undertaken: IOL-Master 500, Lenstar LS 900, Aladdin, OA-1000, OA-2000, Al-3000, Al-Scan, Galilei G6, IOL-Master 700.