Biological Activity Of Phenolic Compounds Research Articles

КОМПЛЕКС ФЕНОЛЬНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ЭКСТРАКЦИОННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ИЗ ТРАВЫ ТИМЬЯНА МАРШАЛЛА: ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ МЕТОДОМ IN SILICO

Abstract. Introduction. Currently, Marschall thyme herb (Thymus marschallianus) is currently not an officially used medicinal herbal raw material; however, it is widely used in folk medicine as an analgesic, wound healing, expectorant, and antispasmodic remedy. During phytochemical studies, it was found that the herb contains phenolic compounds represented by the aglycones of flavonoids, such as luteolin or apigenin, their 7-O-glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, such as caffeic and rosmarinic acid. Aim. To predict the biological activity profile and related mechanisms of action of the complex of polyphenol compounds of extractive Marschall thyme herb preparations. Materials and Methods. The research focused on the polyphenolic complex compounds of infusion and tincture from Marschall thyme collected in Altai Krai. For computer-aided prediction of the biological activity of phenolic compounds, the PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) method was used, which allows predicting the activity profile of compounds from the structural formula based on the analysis of the structure–activity relationships. Results and Discussion. The study found that for all compounds, it can be assumed with a high probability to be antioxidant and membrane-protective activity, which may be associated with the suppression of oxidation processes by binding free oxygen, free radicals, and inhibition of free radical formation-responsible enzymes. For caffeic acid, apigenin, luteolin and their glycosides, the predicted types of activity and mechanisms of action aimed at suppressing the inflammatory process. For the sum of flavonoids, the manifestation of cytostatic and antineoplastic activities is expected. Conclusions. Polyphenolic complex of the infusion and tincture of Marschall thyme herb can potentially inhibit oxidative processes, stabilize cell cycle and suppress pathological exudative and proliferative processes. To assess the credibility of the prognosis, the results should be tested in real in vitro and in vivo studies.

The Genus Capsicum: A Review of Bioactive Properties of Its Polyphenolic and Capsaicinoid Composition.

Chili is one of the world's most widely used horticultural products. Many dishes around the world are prepared using this fruit. The chili belongs to the genus Capsicum and is part of the Solanaceae family. This fruit has essential biomolecules such as carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, and lipids. In addition, chili has other compounds that may exert some biological activity (bioactivities). Recently, many studies have demonstrated the biological activity of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and capsaicinoids in different varieties of chili. Among all these bioactive compounds, polyphenols are one of the most studied. The main bioactivities attributed to polyphenols are antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive. This review describes the data from in vivo and in vitro bioactivities attributed to polyphenols and capsaicinoids of the different chili products. Such data help formulate functional foods or food ingredients.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Extracts from South West of Algeria

The current study focuses on the phytochemical characterization and biological activity of phenolic compounds derived from leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) in the Tabelbala area (Bechar, Algeria). For a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the antioxidant tests revealed that the different extracts have a good reducing activity, with the tannin extract having the highest percentage of free radical inhibition (DPPH: 94%) compared to the n-butanolic extract (92%) and the ethyl acetate extract (88%). Furthermore, the tannin extract and the n-butanolic fraction of the flavonoids of the examined leaves showed significant antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid used as a reference (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.14 mg/ml), with IC50 values of 0.07 ± 0.79 mg/ml for tannins and 0.0823 ± 0.25 mg/ml for the n-butanolic extract. In addition, the ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) test reveals that all the tested extracts have a significant reduction power. The different selective extracts showed strong antimicrobial activity against nine pathogenic microbial strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Citrobacter freundii (ATCC 29212), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococus faecalis (ATCC 13045), and Candida albicans, where the ethyl acetate fraction has a higher antibacterial activity than n-butanolic and tannin extract, with the zone of inhibition diameters ranging from 11 to 23 mm and have minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 0.39 and 3.125 mg/ml. These findings give scientific support for the plant’s traditional use, highlighting the value of traditional medicines in the treatment of many diseases.

Antioxidative, cytoprotective and whitening activities of fragrant pear fruits at different growth stages.

Pear is one of the most popular fruits in the world. With the fruit ripening, a series of physiological changes have taken place in fragrant pear, but up to now, the research on the metabolism and biological activity of phenolic compounds in different growth stages of fragrant pear is still lacking. In this study, four kinds of Xinjiang pears were selected as research objects, and the changes of phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, cell protection and whitening activity during fruit development were analyzed. The results showed that the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of four pear varieties presented a decreasing trend throughout the developmental stages. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the four pears in the young fruit stage were the highest, and the active ingredients of the Nanguo pear were higher than the other three pear fruits. Pear extract could protect cells by eliminating excessive ROS in cells, especially in young fruit stage. The western blot results showed that the extract of fragrant pear in the young fruit stage could inhibit the expression of TYR, TYR1 and MITF in B16 cells, and it was speculated that the extract of fragrant pear in the young fruit stage might have good whitening activity. Therefore, the findings suggest that young pear display a good antioxidant potential and could have a good application prospect in food preservation and health product industry.

Phytochemical Properties and In Vitro Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Flower of Clitoria ternatea L.

Phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PCFCTL) were extracted using a high-speed shearing extraction technique and purified by AB-8 macroporous resins, and the phytochemical composition of the purified phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PPCFCTL) was then analyzed. Subsequently, its bioactivities including antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibitory activities, and antiproliferative activities against several tumor cell lines were evaluated. Results indicated that the contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, flavanols, and phenolic acids in PPCFCTL were increased by 3.29, 4.11, 2.74, 2.43, and 2.96-fold, respectively, compared with those before being purified by AB-8 macroporous resins. The results showed PPCFCTL have significant antioxidant ability (measured by reducing power, RP, and ferric reducing antioxidant power method, FRAP) and good DPPH, ABTS+, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. They can also significantly inhibit lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. In addition, morphological changes of HeLa, HepG2, and NCI-H460 tumor cells demonstrated the superior antitumor performance of PPCFCTL. However, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was relatively weak. These findings suggest that PPCFCTL have important potential as natural antioxidant, antilipidemic, anti-glycemic and antineoplastic agents in health-promoting foods.

Extracting, evaluating biological activities of phenolic compounds from yellow onion peels (Allium cepa L.) and their applicability for fish preservation

The research aimed to evaluate total phenolic content extracted from onion (Allium cepa L.) peels and some of the extract biological activities. The potential of the extract for preserving fish was also investigated. Onion peel extracted with EtOH 60% at 60°C (60 minutes, solid/liquid ratio 1g/20ml) yielded highest polyphenol content 168.49 ± 0.02 GAE/g DW and flavonoid content (216.43 ± 0.06 mg QE/g DW). The extract showed potent antioxidant property in DPPH radical scavenging assay with IC50 value of 12.48 ± 0.45 μ/mL and good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values of 175; 175: 200; 200: 150 (μ/mL) respectively. The extract also displayed alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 value of 142.53 μg/mL and negligible tyrosinase inhibition activity. Measurement of the PV, TBARS values of basa catfish fillets coated with the extract solution at different concentrations, it was observed that fish samples treated with 3% extract solution could greatly reduce the lipid oxidation under 4°C and -18°C storage conditions compared with untreated samples. The PV, TBARS values after 4 weeks were comparable to 200ppm BHT treated samples.

Chemical Composition Profiling and Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds in Eleven Red Sorghums.

The profiles of soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds in 11 commercial red sorghums (B11, B12, B13, B14, J124, J127, J138, J140, J142, J152, and J158) were investigated using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) analysis. A total of 48 phenolic compounds including 35 phenolic acids and their derivatives, 12 flavonoids, and 1 proanthocyanidin were identified, and 8 phenolic compounds were reported for the first time in sorghums. Four major 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were also quantified, with their soluble forms accounting for 99.75-99.87% of the total contents. Pearson's correlation analyses indicated that 3-deoxyanthocyanidins significantly contributed to the antioxidant capacities of the red sorghums and that 5-methoxy-luteolinidin showed the strongest correlation. Besides, the soluble phenolic fraction of B13 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells and the secretion of IL-1β and NO in RAW264.7 macrophages, which might be attributed to its relatively high total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and proanthocyanidin content (TPAC) values and radical scavenging capacities.

Indirect inhibitory activity of pyrogallol against the Tet(K) efflux pump by a membrane effect: In vitro and in silico approach

Several pharmacological and biological activities of phenolic compounds have been reported in the literature. Some phenolic compounds have antibacterial properties, either alone or in combination with currently used antibiotics. With an increasing number of cases of bacterial infections caused by resistant bacteria, the search for more effective treatments has become critical. The goal of this study was to assess pyrogallol's ability to reverse bacterial resistance by inhibiting efflux pumps, as well as to validate its mechanism of interaction using computational dynamics. To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of pyrogallol, broth microdilution tests were performed. The MIC reduction of tetracycline and ethidium bromide confirmed efflux pump inhibition. Pyrogallol showed direct activity against Staphylococcus aureus; however, the synergistic effect was observed only with the tested antibiotic, reducing its concentration from 128 μg/mL to 45.25 μg/mL, and this effect was not associated with efflux pump inhibition. According to molecular dynamics, this compound interacts with the surface of the bacterial membrane. However, more research is needed to identify potential mechanisms of interaction with existing antibiotics.

Biological Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Extra Virgin Olive Oils through Their Phenolic Profile and Their Combination with Anticancer Drugs Observed in Human Cervical Carcinoma and Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells.

The roles of phenolics from olive oils as effective anticancer agents have been documented in various in vitro studies of different cancer cells lines, but the relationship between the phenolic profile of olive oil and its biological activity needs more elucidation. In this study, we analysed phenolic profiles of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from different autochthonous cultivars from Croatia (Oblica, Bjelica, Buža, Žižolera) and investigated the biological effect of EVOO phenolic extracts (EVOO-PEs) on human cervical (HeLa) and human colon (SW48) cancer cell lines alone and in combination with cisplatin (cDDP), carboplatin (CBP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan. The quantitative evaluation of olive oil polyphenols was performed by HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric analysis. The biological effect of EVOO-PEs alone and in combination with anticancer drugs was measured by MTT assay. Analysed EVOO-PEs differ in phenolic profile and inhibited HeLa and SW48 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further, it is shown that EVOO-PEs (Oblica-Sea, Buža and Žižolera), in combination with anticancer drugs, increase the metabolic activity of HeLa and SW48 cells and have a protective role. These data imply careful consummation of olive oil during chemotherapy of cancer patients.

Antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. leaves and stem bark extracts and their phytochemical composition.

In recent years, chronic degenerative diseases such as certain types of cancers, are becoming an evident issue. DNA damage has been for long recognized as a causal factor for cancer development because mutations or chromosomal aberrations affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes leading cells to malignant transformation and to the subsequent cancerous growth. Medicinal plants are often used for the prevention or treatment of various diseases with great scientific interest. Among the medicinal plants distributed in the Mediterranean region, Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. has been used in traditional medicine for its remarkable curative properties. However, in spite of this popularity, little works have been performed on the activity so that further studies should be performed to investigate in depth the antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the plant. Thus, the present study was aimed to the evaluation of the potential antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative properties of leaves and stem bark extracts of this well-known tree. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Salmonella mutagenicity assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. The antigenotoxic potential was assessed by umu test in the strain of S. typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Antiproliferative activity was studied on human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2) and on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines by MTT assay. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity observed on cancer cells was compared with that on the human normal-like fibroblasts (TelCOFS02MA) and the selectivity index was calculated to understand if extracts were able to exert selective toxicity towards cancer cells. Moreover, phenolic compounds are plant substances with a large spectrum of biochemical activities with antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects. Based on the strong evidence of biological activities of phenolic compounds, the study was focused on the determination of total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the phytochemical composition of the extracts assessed by LC/MS. The ethanol extracts of both leaves and stem barks showed significant from moderate to strong antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects. In addition, selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells was shown by ethanolic leaves extract and aqueous/chloroform leaves and stem bark extracts. The latter showed high levels of total phenolic contents among all the other extracts. Identified phenylethanoids (calceolariosides, verbascoside) and secoiridoids (oleuropein and ligstroside) could be responsible for the demonstrated broad spectrum of healthy properties.

Biological activities of phenolic compounds extracted from flaxseed meal

BackgroundThere is a worldwide demand for phenolic compounds (PC) because they exhibit several biological activities. The present investigation deals with a comprehensive study on the biological activities of phenolic compounds extracted from flaxseed meal (FM) with the aid of ultrasonic waves.ResultsThe antioxidant activity of the PC extract of FM is considerably high when measuring it by the three methods (the β-carotene coupled oxidation method, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity method, and measuring the reducing antioxidant power). The toxicity test revealed that the PC extract was nontoxic on normal retina cell line. Also, it has no anticoagulating activity. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed that it is effective towards four strains only from seven. FM phenolic extract has been evaluated as chemo-preventive agents by testing the product for any cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines. The highest inhibitory effect was achieved on cell lines of colon carcinoma and lung carcinoma with IC50 = 22.3 and 22.6 μ/ml respectively.ConclusionThe PC extracted from FM showed high antioxidant activity, nontoxic on normal retina cell line, no anticoagulating activities, and an antimicrobial effect on some pathogenic bacteria, so the phenolic compounds extracted from flaxseed meal showed significant biological activities.

Phenolic Composition, Mineral Content, and Beneficial Bioactivities of Leaf Extracts from Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.), Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa).

Currently, the incidence of lifestyle diseases is increasing due to inappropriate nutrition and environmental pollution. To prevent these diseases, various groups of bioactive compounds are needed with a broad spectrum of action and without adverse side effects. Polyphenolic compounds are the most widely studied group of this type of compounds. They occur widely in plants, but their content depends on many factors, including the type of plant, climatic conditions, and the date of harvest. The spectrum of bioactivity of phenolic compounds is determined by their chemical structure, concentration, and interaction with other compounds. Traditional recipes have been studied to search for active plant ingredients. Leaves of shrubs and fruit trees were used in folk medicine as a panacea for many diseases and have been forgotten with time, but their benefits are now being rediscovered. In recent years, much new information about biological activity of phenolic compounds from berry bushes (black currant, raspberry, and aronia) was published. This was reviewed and discussed in this article. The mineral content of their leaves was also summarized because minerals constitute a significant component of plant infusions. It has been shown that high antioxidant and biological activity of leaf extracts results from the presence of active phenolic compounds, which occur in definitely higher amounts than in fruits. Therefore, the leaves of berry bushes seem to be a promising source of substances that can be used as replacements for synthetic agents in the treatment and prevention of lifestyle diseases.

Evaluation of some biological activities of phenolic compounds obtained from two Algerian medicinal plants: Mentha rotundifolia and Satureja calamintha

In this work phytochemical characterization of two medicinal plants from Lamiaceae family, Mentha rotundifolia and Satureja calamintha, has been carried out. Extracts obtained with different solvents were screened for different plant secondary metabolites and were biologically characterized by defining their antiradical and antibacterial activities. Phytochemical screening of M. rotundifolia and S. calamintha confirmed their richness in different secondary metabolites. The determination of phenolic compounds revealed high polyphenols contents in water: methanol (30:70) extracts with concentrations of 20.64?1.74 mg EAG/g DW and 13.45?0.91 mg EAG/g DW for M. rotundifolia and S. calamintha, respectively. These extracts were also characterized by high concentrations of flavonoids (Mentha rotundifolia 12.33?1.58 mg EQ/g DW, Satureja calamintha 7.11?0.02 mg EQ/g DW). Furthermore, the water: methanol (30:70) extract of M. rotundifolia was the most effective in inhibiting free radicals. Recorded inhibition diameters for both plant samples and tested microbial strains ranged from 6.66 mm to 13.66 mm. Presented results confirmed that tested indigenous Algerian plants are favorable sources of polyphenols with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Diurnal variation of the chemical composition and its repercussion on the biological activity polyphenolics of Salvia officinalis aerial parts

This study reported the diurnal variation of the chemical composition and biological activities of phenolic compounds of Salvia officinalis cultivated in Tunisia. The HPLC determination of different phenolic compounds showed that the amounts of total polyphenols reach its maximum at 7 am. Estimation of the antioxidant activity of different methanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis showed that the extract of 5 pm had the most effective antiradical power against DPPH and the best iron reducing capacity. The strongest total antioxidant capacity was recorded for extracts of 12 and 5 pm. The methanol extracts of sage also have a capacity to reduce the appetence of Spodoptera littoralis larvae. This activity did not vary with the harvesting time.

In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of phenolic compounds for the control of postharvest gray mold of table grapes

As the natural antimicrobial metabolites, phenolic compounds were reported to be effective in the inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi, including the postharvest decay agents. However, comprehensive study on the biological activity of phenolic compounds and their application on controlling postharvest gray mold of table grapes is lacking. In this study, the antifungal effect of 18 natural or synthetic phenolic compounds purchased from commercial suppliers, including simple phenolic, phenolic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids, were determined on four gray mold strains by an in vitro agar dilution assay. Overall, seven phenolic compounds were effective on inhibiting B. cinerea growth and were selected to test their activity on conidial germination as well as in vivo application on grape berries. Pterostilbene showed the highest antifungal activity and greatly reduced the growth of the mycelia, caused hyphae deformation, suppressed conidial germination of B. cinerea, and completely inhibited the germination of conidia at the concentration of 50 mg L−1. Furthermore, treatment of grape berries with pterostilbene and piceatannol significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity. Our results demonstrate the antifungal activity of phenolic compounds and highlight their potentials as an alternative strategy in the control of postharvest gray mold of table grapes.

Biological activities of phenolic compounds extracted from Amaranthaceae plants and their LC/ESI-MS/MS profiling

In the present study quantification of phenolic components of Achyranthes aspera and Aerva javanica leaves was made using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of both plant leaves' extracts probably associated with their phenolic constituents were also monitored. Extracts were prepared using different concentrations of aqueous and acidified methanol. Extract yields and total phenols varied 5.4–58.8% (w/w) and 111.2 ± 1.2 to 325.5 ± 2.9 mg g−1 of extract, respectively. Achyranthes aspera having lesser cytotoxicity (2.95 ± 0.14% at 0.5 mg mL−1) than that of Aerva javanica (12.2 ± 0.85% at 0.5 mg mL−1) provided relatively good protection against oxidative damage to pBR322 DNA plasmid. LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling exposed sixteen phenolics including kaempferol, catechin, syringic, quinic, sinapic, caffeic, chlorogenic acids in Achyranthes aspera; and six compounds including p-coumaric, gallic acid, myricetin in Aerva javanica. Aside from quinic acid, the two species did not share any phenolic compound.

English

English

Biological Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Argentinean Herbs Infusions

Fil: Rodriguez Vaquero, Maria Jose. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds of Extra Virgin Olive Oil.

Over the last few decades, multiple biological properties, providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive and anti-cancer benefits, as well as the characteristic pungent and bitter taste, have been attributed to Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) phenols. In particular, growing efforts have been devoted to the study of the antioxidants of EVOO, due to their importance from health, biological and sensory points of view. Hydrophilic and lipophilic phenols represent the main antioxidants of EVOO, and they include a large variety of compounds. Among them, the most concentrated phenols are lignans and secoiridoids, with the latter found exclusively in the Oleaceae family, of which the drupe is the only edible fruit. In recent years, therefore, we have tackled the study of the main properties of phenols, including the relationships between their biological activity and the related chemical structure. This review, in fact, focuses on the phenolic compounds of EVOO, and, in particular, on their biological properties, sensory aspects and antioxidant capacity, with a particular emphasis on the extension of the product shelf-life.

A Review of Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Leukemic Effects of Phenolic Compounds in Honey

Hematologic malignancies constitute about 9% of all new cases of cancers as reported via the GLOBOCAN series by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2008. So far, the conventional therapeutic and surgical approaches to cancer therapy have not been able to curtail the rising incidence of cancers, including hematological malignancies, worldwide. The last decade has witnessed great research interest in biological activities of phenolic compounds that include anticancer, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, among other things. A large number of anticancer agents combat cancer through cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and differentiation, as well as through inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, or a combination of two or more of these mechanisms. Various phenolic compounds from different sources have been reported to be promising anticancer agents by acting through one of these mechanisms. Honey, which has a long history of human consumption both for medicinal and nutritional uses, contains a variety of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins and tannins. This paper presents a review on the molecular mechanisms of the anti-leukemic activity of various phenolic compounds on cell cycle, cell growth and proliferation and apoptosis, and it advocates that more studies should be conducted to determine the potential role of honey in both chemoprevention and chemotherapy in leukemia.