Biographical Note Research Articles

Pioneering consumer economist: Elizabeth Ellis Hoyt (1893‐1980)

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the project of recognising the contribution of female scholars to the development of marketing thought. The paper presents a biography of Elizabeth Ellis Hoyt, a home economist, who contributed to the shaping of contemporary ideas about consumption and the consumer.Design/methodology/approachSource material used includes the Elizabeth Ellis Hoyt Papers (1884‐2009) in the Iowa State University Archives. The collection contains a variety of materials, of which the most important for this paper were news clippings, personal diaries (1907‐1918), and published and unpublished manuscripts (1953, 1964, n.d.). Also important for this study were two sources published by Alison Comish Thorne, Elizabeth Hoyt's PhD student. These include Thorne's autobiography Leave the Dishes in the Sink and her entry on Elizabeth Hoyt in the Biographical Dictionary of Women Economists.FindingsThe paper documents Elizabeth Hoyt's development of marketing thought, focusing on her early work on the cost of living index and subsequent contributions to an expanded theory of consumption and consumer learning.Originality/valueElizabeth Hoyt is one of a group of female home economists who pioneered consumption economics in America in the 1920s and 1930s yet who have been neglected in published accounts. Notwithstanding a short biographical note in the Biographical Dictionary of Women Economists, Hoyt's life and work are not yet documented.

Reading the Senses: Writing about Food and Wine

Reading the Senses: Writing about Food and Wine

Emília Snethlage (1868-1929): um inédito relato de viagem ao rio Tocantins e o obituário de Emil-Heinrich Snethlage

Apresenta nota biográfica da ornitóloga alemã Emília Snethlage (1868-1929) e comentários sobre dois documentos traduzidos do alemão: um relato de viagem inédito ao rio Tocantins, de 1907, e o obituário escrito por Emil-Heinrich Snethlage, publicado em 1930. Destaca a singularidade da trajetória profissional da cientista, que trabalhou no Brasil a partir de 1905, o valor de sua obra e aspectos de sua narrativa. Os nomes científicos citados nos textos foram atualizados.

Cocaine Use in Elder Adults: A Focus on Recognition and Risk Factors

a strong association between cotard’s syndrome & catatonia, not only in clinical presentation but also in treatment. (Mr. F’s symptoms dramatically improved with benzodiazepines in addition to antipsychotics.) We agree with their suggestion that benzodiazepines should be considered early in the course of illness. In addition, neuropsychological testing in Mr. F had shown deficits in visual spatial functioning. Testing in a group of catatonic patients had shown similar findings [7] and testing in patients with cotard’s per a literature review [8] showed deficits in facial recognition, which is a subset of visuospatial functioning. The significance of this finding needs to be further investigated.

Austen’s Scale-Making

YOON SUN LEE Austen’s Scale-Making T WO INCHES OF IVORY MAY BE THE BEST-KNOWN METAPHOR FOR Austen’s novel-writing.1 Compare to that modest figure “the totality of national life in its complex interaction between ‘above’ and ‘below.’” This is what Georg Lukacs sees in Scott’s Waverley Novels. Lukacs’s favor­ ite adjective for Scott’s novels is “broad.” Scott offers “the broad delinea­ tion of manners and circumstances attendant upon events . . . broad, objec­ tive, epic form.”2 Not only broad but deep, able to reveal the full vertical sweep from base to superstructure. In comparison, two inches of ivory might seem to possess only surface and smallness. Novels are inseparable from questions of scale, as Austen and Scott knew. In his review ofEmma for the October 1815 Quarterly, Scott suggests that the modern novel shows the reader nothing “more interesting and ex­ traordinary than those [incidents] which occur in his own life, or that ofhis next-door neighbours,” offering “a correct and striking representation of that which is daily taking place around him.”3 Daily frequency and spatial circumscription are the measures that he uses to characterize the represen­ tational domain of the Austen-type novel. Positing “concentric circles of probability and possibility,” Scott explains that, while earlier novels had hovered between the outer and inner circles, Austen chooses to remain within the inner ring of probability, which is only as wide as your own neighborhood, or what you can see from your own window.4 In his first novel, published the year before, Scott sizes up his own project differently. Scotland’s dramatic alteration provides the occasion for Waverley’s writing, as well as its subject. “There is no European nation which, within the course of half a century . . . has undergone so complete a change as this 1. The quotation from one of Austen’s letters is given in a “Postscript” to Henry Austen’s biographical notice to Persuasion and Nortlianger Abbey—a postscript to a notice to a posthu­ mous publication. Austen refers to her work as “a little bit of ivory, two inches wide, on which 1 work with a brush so fine as to produce little effect after much labour.” Austen, “Biographical Notice of the Author,” in Jane Austen, Persuasion, ed. James Kinsley (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 7. 2. Georg Lukacs, The Historical Novel, trans. Hannah and Stanley Mitchell (Lincoln: Uni­ versity' of Nebraska Press, 1983), 49, 31-32. 3. Sir Walter Scott, “Emma: A Novel,” Quarterly Review 14 (October 1813): 189, 193. 4. Scott, “Emma: A Novel,” 190. SiR, 52 (Summer 2013) 171 172 YOON SUN LEE kingdom of Scotland.” Waverley, like all of Scott’s novels, takes on nations, centuries, and large-scale transformations. But it, too, is concerned with imposing measures on lived experience to enable its abstraction. In a wellknown passage, Scott likens his novel’s function to that of an artificial marker for measuring distance: “like those who drift down the stream of a deep and smooth river, we are not aware ofthe progress we have made un­ til we fix our eye on the now-distant point from which we set out.”5 Rather than assuming that novels are themselves large-scale, small-scale, or somewhere in between, this article will consider them as “scale-making projects.” I borrow this phrase from anthropologist Anna Tsing, who shows how projects “that [make] us imagine globality . . . locality, or the space of regions or nations” have become essential to steering the flows of global finance capital.6 Tsing defines scale as “the spatial dimensionality necessary for a particular kind of view”; as she points out, “scale must be brought into being: proposed, practiced, and evaded.”7 8 Scale-making in the novel, I will argue, involves more than the representation of geograph­ ical space, cultural location, or even historical specificity. We can think of it as the act of representing the conditions of referentiality. The modern novel does of course refer to actual locations, subtly connecting them to a more primordial way of thinking about the space-story relationship, as Franco Moretti has shown. In this way, Austen and Scott bring into being an intimate...

On the Half Line: K Ramachandra.

This is a short biographical note on the life and works of K. Ramachandra, one of the leading mathematicians in the field of analytic number theory in the second half of the twentieth century.

Contemporary and Historical Muslim Scholars as Portrayed by the Ethiopian Islamic Press in the 1990’s

The article aims at giving some information about Ethiopian Muslim scholars of the past century, so to enhance our general knowledge of Ethiopian Islam, and, moreover, to contribute to a better prosopographical understanding of the Muslim presence in Ethiopia. In this endeavour, it explores the data scattered in Ethiopian Islamic periodical press, which flourished in that country after the fall of the Derg regime in 1991. In particular, the monthly magazine Bilal, which contains in almost every issue a biographical note devoted to some learned man of the recent past, is used to collect material on the scholars. Biographical articles in Amharic and Arabic which appeared in the magazine are summarized and commented upon.

The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Pynchon (review)

Inger H. Dalsgaard, Luc Herman, and Brian McHale, eds. 2012. The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Pynchon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. $90.00 hc. $27.99 sc. xii + 193 pp.Thomas Pynchon joins Philip Roth, Toni Morrison, Don Delillo, and John Updike on list of US novelists to merit a Cambridge Companion during their lifetime, a significant milestone in academic mainstreaming of an author who, despite his reasonable sales and attendant research Pyndustry, retains a cultish aura. The volume is an informative, intuitively structured introduction to Pynchon's work. Sharing a publication date with John N. Duvall's The Cambridge Companion to American Fiction After 1945, it constitutes an extended claim Pynchon's career can stand for precedence of postmodernism in historical period. A wider readership, however, might find as much interest in what limits of Pynchon studies, and associated claim for enduring relevance of mid-1980s theory, tell us about postmodernism's relation to contemporary canonicity.The editors' brief introduction establishes book's necessity: there are currently relatively few books aimed specifically at those who study and teach Pynchon, and even fewer that non-academic reader could pick up and read with pleasure and profit (2). Starting from a point intelligible to Pynchon novices, collection gets progressively more complex and theoretical. After a biographical note synthesises what reliable information we have on this reticent author's life, it is divided into three sections. Chapters under heading of Canon introduce Pynchon's various works, outlining infamously complex plots, examining representative passages, and pointing to sustained thematic concerns. There follow three chapters addressing his distinctive forms of narrative-making under heading of Poetics, introducing some literary history, terminology, and criticism. Four Issues essays, which combine literary theory with cultural and historical citation, detail Pynchon's career-spanning engagements with Politics, History, Alterity, and Science and Technology. Finally, a short coda on readerly approaches surveys critical and theoretical roles his work has been made to play within academy.This structure readably scaffolds some very complex ideas: anyone starting from page one would be well prepared to assess Issues chapters' wide-ranging claims. Indeed, so lucid is exposition throughout book makes almost as good an introduction to canonically approaches to fiction of 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s as it does to Pynchon in particular. Furthermore, in spite of vastness of its subject's novels, companion comes in at under two hundred pages, around fifty below average for series. The cover-to-cover reading its structure invites and even requires is thus not a daunting prospect. Early chapters aim explicitly to help readers past alienating aspects of Pynchon's styles and structures, and overall effect is to disarm his exaggerated reputation for inaccessibility.Providing a point of access is not limit of editors' ambition, however, and their other stated aim, to compile advanced specialist insights, reflecting state of art in field (2-3), is more problematic. If varying contributors can be said to offer a unifying argument, it is best summarised by Brian McHale's contention our understanding of postmodernism is as dependent on Pynchon's work as our understanding of oeuvre is on social and theoretical contexts of postmodernity. The 'state of art' in Pynchon studies is thus hard to untie from models of postmodernism emerged during process of his initial critical canonization.John N. Duvall, introducing his Cambridge Companion to American Fiction after 1945, suggests postmodern metafictions of Pynchon generation now represent little more than the dead hand of history to scholars of, and authors within, contemporary (2012, 4). …

Tom Sparling-Engineer and Entrepreneur [History

This paper is a biographical note on Tom Sparling, and his work as an engineer and entrepreneur. He was nationally known for electrical power and control systems for military facilities, high-rise buildings, and steel and flour mills.

L’entente entre Orose et saint Augustin. Contribution à l’étude de la réception médiévale des Historiae

Though, since the second half of the 20th c., scholars have underlined the important differences which separate Orosius’ theological and historiographical approach from that of Augustine, Orosius indeed “benefited very greatly from the general assumption that his Historiae was an indispensable complement to the City of God” (Hillgarth). This article aims to investigate the history of this “general assumption”. In fact, this point seems to be absolutely secondary, if not unknown, in the most ancient sources. Only later, some anonymous works, such as the Dialogus quaestionum LXV (attested from the 8th-9th c.) and a biographical note on Orosius (attested from the 11th c.), started to underline the personal relationship linking these auctoritates, as well as to praise the Augustinian patronage of the Historiae. The topos of their nearness and mutual agreement appears to be definitively established, both in texts and images, during the 12th c. and then transmitted to the modern erudition. The conclusions point out the issues at stake of this cultural topos with regards to the conception of the Christianity and the role of political power in it.

Mr. Poe’s Indians: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket and Edgar Allan Poe as a Southern Writer

Mr. Poe’s IndiansThe Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket and Edgar Allan Poe as a Southern Writer Jace Weaver (bio) Early in Mat Johnson’s recent novel Pym, the book’s narrator, a black college professor, states, “If we can identify how the pathology of Whiteness was constructed, then we can learn how to dismantle it.” The professor’s main subject of study is Edgar Allan Poe’s only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket. As novelist Adam Mansbach writes in his review in the New York Times, “It’s as good a place as any to begin. Toni Morrison has written that ‘no early American writer is more important to the concept of American Africanism than Poe,’ and his single work of long fiction is a simmering trove of racial terror.”1 “Horrors from the pit of the antebellum subconscious,” Johnson’s narrator calls it. Most American readers today, if they know anything about Edgar Allan Poe’s life, think of him as a man born in Boston, who lived and worked in New York and Baltimore and wrote macabre poems and short stories. Yet he was raised in Virginia, spent much of his life there, and never considered himself anything but a Southern gentleman in his sensibilities. In this article I want to make a case for Poe as a Southern writer by looking principally at The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, perhaps the most racist novel produced by a major American writer. As will become evident, I am hardly alone in this claim, though it has been a much contested one. Most discussion has centered on Poe’s depiction of blacks in the novel. While I will do so as well, I want also to look in a much less studied direction. I will examine his depiction of Dirk Peters, the Indian character in his novel. Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts. Yet the place was merely coincidental: his itinerant actor parents were performing [End Page 38] at the Federal Theatre there. According to physician John Wooster Robertson in his 1923 book, Edgar A. Poe: A Psychopathic Study, “Poe was not proud of his Boston birth, and, in various statements he gave out for biographical notices, he named Baltimore as his birthplace.”2 On his application to the United States Military Academy, he claimed that he was born in Richmond. By July 1810, Poe’s father was out the picture, having either died or abandoned his family. Elizabeth Poe left her older son with his paternal grandparents in Baltimore and took her two younger children south, first to the Carolinas and then to Virginia, securing a position with a theater company in Richmond. Frail and probably consumptive, she expired in late 1811. On December 9, 1811, a few days after his mother’s death, two-year-old Edgar was taken to live with John and Frances Allan in a comfortable Georgian home near the corner of Fourteenth Street and Tobacco Alley. During these early years, according to Poe biographer Una Pope-Hennessy, the Allans provided their young foster son an African American “‘mammy’ and, like most white children in Virginia, he was left entirely in her care, appearing only on occasions in drawing-room or dining-room, and then in his best clothes.”3 Pope-Hennessy speculates that the future writer may have first developed his interest in horror by listening to “hant” stories at his caretaker’s knee. She notes that Frances Allan’s brother, “behind whom the boy rode pillion, recounted that as they passed some wayside graves Edgar had shrieked, ‘They will run after us and pull us down!’”4 In 1815 the Allan family, including young Edgar, moved to Great Britain, but they returned to Virginia in 1820. In February 1826, Edgar enrolled at the University of Virginia, but he dropped out after only a semester due to mounting gambling debts. When John Allan refused to support him, Poe moved to Boston, working as a clerk and a newspaperman. Unable, however, to sustain himself financially, he enlisted in the US Army in May 1827. He was at first stationed in Boston. During that...

Consider the Squirrel: Freaks, Vermin, and Value in the Ruin(s) of Nature

Consider the SquirrelFreaks, Vermin, and Value in the Ruin(s) of Nature Nicholas Holm (bio) You know, they say three species disappear off the planet every day. You wonder how many new ones are being created. —Fox Mulder, “The Host,” X-Files (season 2) Paustovsky the nature-lover notices no flamingos, no shrimp, no crabs, no marine mammals. Even though, as almost every guidebook mentions, the Caspian ringed seal is frequently seen frolicking in the harbour at Krasnovodsk. . . . And suddenly I think I understand what is driving Paustovsky: he had to describe the eastern shoreline of the Caspian as a Martian landscape, the bay at Kara Bogaz as a deadly morass. How else could he present the industrialisation of this virgin territory as a blessing? Paustovksy, who viewed “a living bond with nature” as a prerequisite for the writer’s calling, had mentally transformed the bay at Kara Bogaz into the ultimate expanse of “non-nature.” —Frank Westerman, Engineers of the Soul: In the Footsteps of Stalin’s Writers Environmental and ecological movements, as varied and inconsistent in their ideologies and politics, goals and methods, as they might be, share at least one crucial idea in common: human society should do its best not to (further) damage nature too much. Although they might disagree regarding what it means to “do one’s best” or “damage too much,” regardless of their professed radicalness or the perceived depth (or shallowness) of their ecology, all organizations or persons who claim the designation “ecological,” seek to limit,1 if not prevent entirely, the damage inflicted by humanity on what, for convenience’s sake, will here be referred to as “nature.” This situation gives rise to a contradiction, however, particularly with respect to the purported progressive politics of left-leaning green movements. Although such movements have the capacity to envision an improvement in society, which in this context connotes a more eco-friendly [End Page 56] way of living, I argue that they fail to imagine any possible positive development in their central object of concern: the natural world. The dominant environmental discourse does not allow for the possibility of progressive changes in the nature that it is attempting to save. Instead, in the language of groups such as Greenpeace, almost any changes in natural systems, relations, and populations, unless perceived to harken back to an earlier state, are almost inevitably interpreted as damage. While newer currents in ecological science have moved away from equilibrium models of balance and stability in nature, the assumptions of earlier understandings of a static nature continue to structure much popular, political, and even scientific environmental discussion. As a consequence, environmentalism can be understood as always potentially and problematically conservative with respect to nature in ways that, I suggest, echo social prejudice regarding problematic and “undesirable” citizens of the modern state. Drawing on the subfield of “new ecology,” I thus suggest the contours of an alternate, progressive understanding of the environment that does not seek simply to valorize, venerate, and protect nature’s status quo: Because why, for those who wish to revolutionize society (often in the service of nature), can nature never be revolutionized? This particular provocation will be investigated via the figure of the squirrel, who I suggest functions as a “natural revolutionary,” whose disruption of discourses of nature is defused through the mobilization of terms such as “vermin,” but who, if considered as a worthwhile inhabitant of a legitimate environment, can point the way toward a progressive, rather than conservative, conception of that realm often referred to as nature. However, before I offer any further argumentation, I believe it is pertinent first to offer a brief biographical note to explain how my particular fascination and valorization of the squirrel arose, and which provides the context for the genesis of the current discussion. Given the widespread global distribution of the squirrel, who exists as a domestic (not to be confused with domesticated) creature across Eurasia, Africa, and throughout the Americas, my upbringing in New Zealand—one of the few landmasses on earth devoid not only of squirrels but of any native rodent population whatsoever—could be considered woefully squirrel-free. Consequently, my move to North America for...

Editorial: a time of austerity

lUR □ EDITORIAL Editorial: a time of austerity The Union ago, focus Austerity Rights of this was and edition planned trade union of some International rights months in Union Rightswas planned some months ago, Austerity and trade union rightsin Europe.Atthetimeitseemedto IUR'seditorial boardthemostpressing topicwe oughttocover, and itsimilarly occupiedmuchofthediscussion ofICTUR'srecent Administrative Councilmeeting in Geneva (see reportat pl7). On reflection today, despiteshocking developments attheILO and in SouthAfrica (see below) itis our belief thatthe attackson tradeunion rights thatare beingrolledoutunderausterity remain a keypriority forworkers notonlyin Europebutaround theworld.Understanding exactly how- andhow quicklyand how easily- the Europeansocial modelis beingunravelled will,we believe,assist tradeunionseverywhere in preparing to meet similar attacks intheir owncountries. Asone participantin theJuneAdministrative Council of ICTURtoldthemeeting 'Europehas been held up on a pedestalfor others. ..iftheEuropean welfarestatecollapses ,what happens when this comestoLatin America?' IURopenswith thereturn ofindustrial relations expert Guglielmo Meardi, who outlines thecrisis in Italyand Spain,lookingat exactlyhow key featuresof the industrial relationsframework have been chippedaway in a seriesof moves, ofteninvolving no or limited consultation with theunions.The EU institutions, Mearditellsus seemtohave'abandonedexpertise on thesocial sideofthelabourmarket' infavour of'simplistic targets offlexibility anddecentraliation'. LawprofessorAntonioBaylosprovidesfurther analysis on the disruption thathas takenplace to the Spanishindustrial relations framework, examininghowlegalactionshavedisturbed thesystem. PeterRigneyfromthe IrishICTU providesthe view fromIreland,tracingthe history of the country's recent boom and bust,and setting out detailon howchangescanbe observed inlabour migration, wage fixing mechanisms, thelevelof unemployment, andtheframework for socialdialoguebetweenthegovernment andtheunions. An overarchingcontributionfrom senior researchersfromthe European trade union research institute ETUI looks notat thespecific context ofanyone country butexaminesrather how similar reforms and amendments arebeing rushed throughin all countriesthroughout Europe.Stefan Clauwaert andIsabelleSchömann arguethatin severalcountries 'thereis a clear policyand/orambition todecentralise collective bargaining', despitea totallack of evidenceto suggest thatlabourlaw provisions havehad any roleincreating thefinancial crisis. Alsoconsideringhowevents areunfolding attheregional level is ICTURVice President KeithEwing,who says thattheEU 'seemsnow to be freeto do whatit likes and to ignorethe legal foundations on whichitissupposedtobe built'. Arguing that the EU's failureto make provision forcompliance with social obligationsseems 'utterly illegal', EwingconcludesthattheroleoftheEU and its treatment oftheGreekpeoplewillatsomepoint be challenged inthecourts. Butinbetweenourcommissioning thisedition and its publicationtwo thingshappened that haveprofoundly disturbed theinternational trade unionrights community: Firstly, the Employers Group at the International LabourConference walkedout of the StandardsCommittee, effectively closing downitswork.NotonlyhavetheEmployers preventedevaluation ofseveralseriouscases byan international body,buttheactionmayevenplace people at risk.The Employer actionhas also rockedthefoundations oftheILO,placing atrisk theveryexistenceof a monitoring system that has stood the testof decades. Tonia Novitz,a legalexpert specialising inthehistory oftheILO and theright to strike, explainsthatlegalexplanationoffered bytheEmployers to support their actionis either confused orplainwrong. The second majorshock to the international labourrights community was theMarikana massacre , whenSouth African policegunned down34 miners in what AmnestyInternational has described as 'prolonged' automatic weaponsfire. The eventsof Marikana, along withdetailsof ICTUR'sresponse, aresetouton pl5 ofthisedition .The case is shocking formanyreasonsbut among theseisthesheer number ofdeaths oftrade unionists inflicted ina single attack byState forces. Suchcasesare,fortunately, rare, buttheMarikana caseisthemost devastating andbloody suchattack that we areawareofsinceColombia in1928. IURwillreturn to considerboththedevelopments attheILO and theMarikana case inmore detailina future edition. DanielBlackburn, Editor Next issue of IUR Articles between 850and1,900 words should besentbyemail (mallQictur.org) andaccompanied bya photograph andshort biographical note oftheauthor. Photographs illustrating thetheme ofarticles arealways welcome. Ailitems must bewith usby10October 2012if they are tobeconsidered for publication inthenext issueofIUR. Subscribe toJWKto subscribe, compiete theboxbelow. I/we would like tosubscribe toInternational Union Rights andenclose£20/US$30/€25. Name/Organisation Address PostCode Four issues£20/US$30/€25. Cheques should bemadepayable to"IUR" andsentto:ICTUR, 177Abbeville Road, London SW49RL, UK INTERNATIONAL union rights Page 2Volume 19Issue 22012 ...

Editorial: Education, a core union function

lUR □ EDITORIAL Editorial: Education, a core union function If edition's union there education is collection a single it message is of that articles education that examining comes is,or from should trade this edition's collection of articles examining trade unioneducation itisthat education is,orshould be, a corefunction of unions.IUR'scontributors pointto theimportance of understanding global problems suchas thefinancial crisis as a vital and necessary objective for meaningful trade unionpolicy -making and theyinsist thateducationis the starting pointforreachingsuch understanding. Dave Spooner urges us nottoneglect 'traditions of critical pedagogy'and warnshow international extension ofthecampaigning approach byunions from theOECD countries maydisrupt traditional unioneducation methods intheglobalsouth.But thereare 'causes foroptimism', he adds, and observes that newapproaches arebeingdeveloped amongprecarious and informal workers, where 'there maybe no discernable employer' andwhere entirely new modelsofcritical thinking aboutthe purposes oflabour education areneeded. ForAlana Dave educationat the ITF is very clearly seatedin a modelofcritical engagement withtheprocess'toreposition unionsanddefend unionrights'. Unioneducation, Dave tellsus,has enormous potential 'to reinvigorate political and ideologicaldiscussion within tradeunions'.This kindofpolitical educationis brought out in ITF programmes on climatechange,for example, where 'bold solutionsare needed' and where unionmembers need to addressnon-traditional issues and where membersmustbe provided withthetools'whichempowerparticipants with toolsofanalysis'. Non-traditional education isalso themaintopicaddressed byMarcBélanger, who examines how communications technologies havecreatednew opportunities foronlinelearningand information exchange. Laboureducation, Bélanger tellsus, 'happenseverywhere unionists meet or communicate'. FrankHoffer joins the debatetogiveus a perspective on howtheILOis handling thechallenge ofequipping workers with theskillstheyneed to critique globalcapitalism and themanycontemporary challenges facedby thelabourmovement worldwide. Tradeunionists, Hoffer says,'needto radically upscaleand internationalise theirwork,a critical component of whichmustincludescaling up their research and education activities'. With an updateon trade unioneducation inthe US Andrew Timming joinsus form theNational LaborCollegetosharewithus someviewsabout howunioneducation can and shouldplaya key rolein helping unionsto formulate and develop theirunderstanding of how the financial crisis happened.Timming also highlights theparadoxical situation thatjustas supplyis at its most stretched demandforunioneducationtendsto rise,as laid-off members and thosewhose jobs arethreatened often choosesuchtimes to return toeducation. From theUKAndy Gilchrist joinsus for ananalysis ofhowtrade unioneducation principlesareputintopractice bytheRMT.ForRMT members, Gilchrist explains, education is situated within a broadsetofchallenges for theworkplace representative and is based aroundcallingupon representatives to questiontheirrole withina context ofglobalcapitalism and within a historicalperspective oftheevolution oftrade unionism. Elsewhere inthisedition ICTURhas itsowncontribution totradeunioneducation thistime, with thereleaseofthe2012edition oftheworldmap on tradeunionrights, now a stapleof several tradeunioneducationprogrammes. Meanwhile ourcontributors from outside thecore'education' focuscover:firstly the ongoingUK blacklisting scandal (in whichNickWrackexplainsthata member ofIUR'sEditorial Boardwas monitored bytheblacklisting operation); secondly thechallenges and potentialof cooperationbetween organising labourandthe'Occupy'movement (in whichJuliaTomassetti arguesthatbothgroups could potentially benefit); and also thehorrendous health andsafety threat posedbysandblastingin thejeans industry (in whichLauraCarter outlines stepsthat arebeingtakentotry and put a stoptothisgravehealth hazard). Daniel Blackburn Next issue of IUR Articles between 850and1,900 words should besentbyemail (mail@ictur.org) andaccompanied bya photograph andshort biographical note oftheauthor. Photographs illustrating thetheme ofarticles arealways welcome. Allitems must bewith usby1June 2012if they are tobeconsidered for publication inthenext issueofIUR. Subscribe toIUR: tosubscribe, complete theboxbelow. I/we would like tosubscribe toInternational Union Rights andenclose£20/US$30/€25. Name/Organisation Address PostCode Four issues£20/US$30/€25. Cheques should bemadepayable to"IUR" andsentto:ICTUR, 177Abbeville Road, London SW49RL, UK INTERNATIONAL union rights Page 2Volume 19Issue 1201 2 ...

Learning Curve

“What’s the matter with Mary Caponegro ?” Francoise Palleau-Papin Were I to introduce Mary Caponegro formally, in an official biographical notice, it would go something like this: Mary Caponegro is the Richard B. Fisher Family Professor in Literature and Writing at Bard College, where William Gaddis once taught. She is the author of five works of fiction: Tales from the Next Village (Lost Roads, 1985), The Star Cafe (Scribner, 1990), Five Doubts (Marsilio, 1998), The Complexities of Intimacy...

Hipnoterapia Ericksoniana

The author does a presentation of the main characteristics of the Ericksonian Hypnotherapy, created by Milton Hyland Erickson. She begins her article with a biographical note about M. Erickson, pointing out the interpersonal tactics for approaching a patient, the ones that have as a goal to liberate the potentialities for self-helpness, both in hypnotic state as in wakefulness state.Erickson Hypnotherapy does not only work with specific techniques for treating the symptoms, but it works and uses the attitudes, self-image, behavioral and emotional flexibility and family structure, important factors for a wider changing process.

William Haughton, Playwright: A Biographical Note

William Haughton, Playwright: A Biographical Note

Fr Luigi Giussani’s Concept of Education - an Outline

This outline focuses on the multifarious academic, pedagogical and social activities of Fr Luigi Giussani, Professor of Theology, Italian thinker and scholar renowned for his numerous accomplishments. Due to his exceptional attentiveness, inquisitiveness and courage he has been certainly well-known and highly-regarded not only in university and ecclesiastical but also in the cultural and political spheres of life.The author of this study describes Fr Giussani as an exceptional scholar and educator emphasising the pedagogical aspect of his activities. The study explains his understanding of pedagogy and education. Selected achievements from his biography confirm Fr Giussani to be an exceptional human being, educator and scholar. As an educator, Fr Giussani holds a sober and realistic view of man and his formation: the true value of man, he claims, lies in being rational and free. Complete trust in God and great love for a human person define the most fundamental elements of his approach.The outline also includes a short biographical note and describes popular ways of education, formative events, the educators and educatee’s personality constituents, and the relationship between freedom, conscience, tradition and education.

Baseball's Lost Chalice

Whatever happened to the Dauvray Cup? The game's first World Series trophy, it was commissioned and funded in June 1887 by actress Helen Dauvray-before it was known that she cared for baseball or for New York Giants shortstop John M. Ward, whom she would go on to marry.The cup has been lost for so long that no one alive has seen it; no one can say when or how it was lost, or what fate may have befallen it-until now. Picking up an old, cold trail, I can report what the cup actually looked like-contemporary newspaper woodcuts were wildly off-how much it cost to make, and what may have happened to it between the baseball campaigns of 1893 and 1894. Even more interestingly, however, in the quest for baseball's lost chalice I stumbled upon the true story of Helen Dauvray's romantic, fabulously embroidered, self-invented life. The Dauvray Cup was, then and now, all about her.Let's start at the beginning. Helen Dauvray was born Ida Louisa Gibson on St. Valentine's Day-in, according to various published sources, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, or, as engraved on her tombstone in a final blaze of vanity, 1862. Her parents were Charles H. and Sarah Louisa Gibson, nee De Young. Miss Dauvray's birthplace has been supplied as Cincinnati, Ohio; Virginia City, Nevada; and San Francisco, California. Census documents and passport applications offer intriguing but not definitive variants on every bit of her biography to 1887, when she first enters the baseball world. What follows is this writer's best synthesis of swirling data discrepancies.In the 1850 census both of Ida's future parents are listed with Maryland births, but Sarah Louisa (she dropped her first name after this), was probably born in Louisiana on December 8, 1833, as she declared in her passport application of 1877.1 Charles, too, may have been born in Louisiana rather than in Maryland, for in 1840, at age 25, he resided in Natchitoches Parish. M.H. De Young, father of the future founder (bearing the same name) of the San Francisco Chronicle and Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, also lived there.2By 1850 Charles and Louisa Gibson had married and relocated to Louisiana's Union Parish, the birthplace for daughters Amelia and Laura. However, this residence represented a return to the state after a sojourn in Missouri, where a son-listed as Andrew in the 1850 census but surely the same boy subsequently known as Adolphus or Adolph- had been born two years earlier, when his mother had been 15.Charles H. Gibson was identified by turns as a farmer, a baker, and a miner, but truly he was always a struggling itinerant laborer, ready to pack up his family in the pursuit of gainful employ. By 1855 the family resided in Ohio-Cincinnati by several accounts-and it was there that Ida and sister Clara were born. Two years later the peripatetic Gibsons picked up again, this time for Virginia City, Nevada, and then San Francisco. Louisa's De Young relatives had, in tandem, moved to Cincinnati and then San Francisco. But when the golden sluice gates did not open for the luckless couple, they relocated yet again, to Portland, Oregon.3In 1861-1862 Charles found work in the Salmon River mines and sent his family back to San Francisco. Presumably he supported them with nuggets now and then, as Mossman's Express was providing armed escort for messengers from the mines.4 While some biographical notices of Helen Dauvray mark her acting debut as Little Eva in a production of Uncle Tom's Cabin in Virginia City in 1862, in fact she was still at that time Ida Louisa Gibson, a girl of six with no idea of taking the stage. How she actually became an actress-Little Nell, the California Diamond, an infant prodigy frankly modeled on the popular Lotta Crabtree-is a story she successfully hid for all the remaining years of her life.On February 10, 1863, a classified ad appeared in San Francisco's Daily Alta:ANY PERSON KNOWING THE WHEREABOUTS of CHARLES H. …

To the letter

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes For some of the most important contributions see the works by Carter, Kinross, Noordzij, and Smeijers cited below, and also Robert Bringhurst, The Elements of Typographical Style (Point Roberts, WA: Hartley and Marks, 2002); and Kinross, Unjustified Texts: Perspectives on Typography (London: Hyphen Press, 2002). http://www.let.uu.nl/~frame/about_frame.html. 18. ix. 2006 For the term ‘font’, cf. Robin Kinross, Modern Typography: an Essay in Critical History, 2nd edition (London: Hyphen Press, 2004), p. 169n. For a sharp analysis of some of the consequences of digitisation, cf. Kinross, pp. 158-82, and also Fred Smeijers, Type Now: a Manifesto (London: Hyphen Press, 2003), especially pp. 14-19. Samuel Johnson, quoting Richard Hooker in his ‘Preface’ to A Dictionary of the English Language (2 vols., London, 1755), n.p. For an account of the genesis of Times New Roman, see James Moran, Stanley Morison: his Typographic Achievement (London: Lund Humphries, 1971), pp. 123-38. Information from Sebastian Carter, Twentieth-Century Type Designers, New Edition (London: Lund Humphries, 2002), pp. 24-38. Jan van Krimpen, quoted in Carter, p. 37. For criticisms of both these assumptions, cf. Jarvis, ‘Mock as screen and optic’, Critical Quarterly 46:3 (2004), pp. 1-19. Eric Gill, An Essay on Typography (London: Lund Humphries, 1998); Gerrit Noordzij, The Stroke: Theory of Writing (London: Hyphen Press, 2006); Letterletter: An Inconsistent Collection of Tentative Theories That Do Not Claim Any Other Authority Than That of Common Sense (London: Lund Humphries, 2000). Fred Smeijers, Type Now: A Manifesto (London: Hyphen Press, 2004); Counter-Punch: Making Type in the Sixteenth Century, Designing Typefaces Now (London: Hyphen Press, 1997). For Tschichold and Johnston see references below. Jan Tschichold, The New Typography, trans. Ruari McLean (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1998), p. 11. ibid., p. 23. Froshaug, ‘Roadside traffic signs’ in Anthony Froshaug: Typography and Texts, ed. Robin Kinross (London: Hyphen Press, 2000), pp. 149-69. This topic is treated in Stanley Morison, Politics and Script (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985); but see especially Armando Petrucci, Public Lettering: Script, Power and Culture, trans. Linda Lappin (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993). Theodor W. Adorno, Negative Dialektik (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1973), p. 213. For an illuminating and persuasive proposition that ‘verse's business is to transform the common noun/language into a proper noun/language’, see Clive Scott, ‘The Reading of Verse’ in The Poetics of French Verse: Studies in Reading (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), pp. 82-104, especially pp. 87-89. Noel Rooke, ‘Edward Johnston: A Biographical Note’, in Edward Johnston, Writing & Illuminating, and Lettering (London: A & C Black, 1983), pp. v-x, p. ix. Sun Qianli, ‘Treatise on Calligraphy (Shu pu)’ in Two Chinese Treatises on Calligraphy, trans. Chang Ch'ung-Ho and Hans H. Frankel (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), pp. 12-13. Cf. Gordon S. Barrass, The Art of Calligraphy in Modern China (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002). ‘Zapfino, 2003’ in Creative Type: A Source Book of Classic and Contemporary Letter Forms, ed. Cees de Jong, Alston W. Purvis and Friedrich Friedl (London: Thames and Hudson, 2005), pp. 110-19, p. 111. ibid., p. 115. ibid., p. 111.