To the letter

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes For some of the most important contributions see the works by Carter, Kinross, Noordzij, and Smeijers cited below, and also Robert Bringhurst, The Elements of Typographical Style (Point Roberts, WA: Hartley and Marks, 2002); and Kinross, Unjustified Texts: Perspectives on Typography (London: Hyphen Press, 2002). http://www.let.uu.nl/~frame/about_frame.html. 18. ix. 2006 For the term ‘font’, cf. Robin Kinross, Modern Typography: an Essay in Critical History, 2nd edition (London: Hyphen Press, 2004), p. 169n. For a sharp analysis of some of the consequences of digitisation, cf. Kinross, pp. 158-82, and also Fred Smeijers, Type Now: a Manifesto (London: Hyphen Press, 2003), especially pp. 14-19. Samuel Johnson, quoting Richard Hooker in his ‘Preface’ to A Dictionary of the English Language (2 vols., London, 1755), n.p. For an account of the genesis of Times New Roman, see James Moran, Stanley Morison: his Typographic Achievement (London: Lund Humphries, 1971), pp. 123-38. Information from Sebastian Carter, Twentieth-Century Type Designers, New Edition (London: Lund Humphries, 2002), pp. 24-38. Jan van Krimpen, quoted in Carter, p. 37. For criticisms of both these assumptions, cf. Jarvis, ‘Mock as screen and optic’, Critical Quarterly 46:3 (2004), pp. 1-19. Eric Gill, An Essay on Typography (London: Lund Humphries, 1998); Gerrit Noordzij, The Stroke: Theory of Writing (London: Hyphen Press, 2006); Letterletter: An Inconsistent Collection of Tentative Theories That Do Not Claim Any Other Authority Than That of Common Sense (London: Lund Humphries, 2000). Fred Smeijers, Type Now: A Manifesto (London: Hyphen Press, 2004); Counter-Punch: Making Type in the Sixteenth Century, Designing Typefaces Now (London: Hyphen Press, 1997). For Tschichold and Johnston see references below. Jan Tschichold, The New Typography, trans. Ruari McLean (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1998), p. 11. ibid., p. 23. Froshaug, ‘Roadside traffic signs’ in Anthony Froshaug: Typography and Texts, ed. Robin Kinross (London: Hyphen Press, 2000), pp. 149-69. This topic is treated in Stanley Morison, Politics and Script (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985); but see especially Armando Petrucci, Public Lettering: Script, Power and Culture, trans. Linda Lappin (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993). Theodor W. Adorno, Negative Dialektik (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1973), p. 213. For an illuminating and persuasive proposition that ‘verse's business is to transform the common noun/language into a proper noun/language’, see Clive Scott, ‘The Reading of Verse’ in The Poetics of French Verse: Studies in Reading (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), pp. 82-104, especially pp. 87-89. Noel Rooke, ‘Edward Johnston: A Biographical Note’, in Edward Johnston, Writing & Illuminating, and Lettering (London: A & C Black, 1983), pp. v-x, p. ix. Sun Qianli, ‘Treatise on Calligraphy (Shu pu)’ in Two Chinese Treatises on Calligraphy, trans. Chang Ch'ung-Ho and Hans H. Frankel (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), pp. 12-13. Cf. Gordon S. Barrass, The Art of Calligraphy in Modern China (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002). ‘Zapfino, 2003’ in Creative Type: A Source Book of Classic and Contemporary Letter Forms, ed. Cees de Jong, Alston W. Purvis and Friedrich Friedl (London: Thames and Hudson, 2005), pp. 110-19, p. 111. ibid., p. 115. ibid., p. 111.