Biodiversity In Indonesia Research Articles

Potential for eco-enzyme development as entrepreneurship in river ecotourism and mangrove conservation

The development of tourism in Indonesia is currently experiencing rapid progress with the advancement of digital technology. The tourism sector is one of the factors that contributes greatly to the Indonesian economy. The biodiversity in Indonesia makes the tourism potential in Indonesia a source of pride, which is expected to become a more environmentally friendly tourism development. This study aims to determine the potential for eco-enzyme entrepreneurship in the Tegalsari Maritime Tourism Village by implementing ecotourism development and preservation strategies in Indonesia. Therefore, by doing entrepreneurship, it can improve the economy in the Tegalsari Maritime Tourism Village by making environmentally friendly superior products, one of which is eco-enzymes. This study is a qualitative research based on descriptive by analyzing the potential of entrepreneurship in the Tegalsari Maritim Tourism Village. This qualitative method based on descriptive is a type of research that describes in detail related to entrepreneurship studies in line with the aim of implementing ecotourism strategies. Based on the analysis conducted in this study, it can be concluded that the mangrove forest area in the Tegalsari Maritim Tourism Village has great potential to be used as a leading tourist destination in Malang Regency.

The Sensory Profile of 5 Types of Sumatran Forest Honey

Sumatra has a very large forest area so it has great potential to become a place for honey bee cultivation. The various honey produced has different characteristics depending on the source of the nectar. Research on sensory testing of Sumatran forest honey appears limited, with studies focusing more broadly on honey quality and properties. It is necessary to collect data on the sensory profile of Sumatran forest honey as a database that will help control the quality and ensure the authenticity of the honey. The purpose of this study is to determine the sensory profile of five types of Sumatran forest honey traded around Lampung Province. The method used a scoring test on color, aroma, taste, and viscosity. 30 trained panelists were used who had been selected and trained before conducting sample assessment. Data processing using ANOVA and further test Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with SPSS 27.0 software. The results showed that the five types of Sumatran forest honey tested had the same viscosity but had different color, aroma, and taste profiles. These distinctive and unique characteristics can enrich the biodiversity in Indonesia so it needs to be optimized for its benefits and preserved.

Ensuring Community Development Sustainability on Biodiversity Park Development Plan

Abstract The development of biodiversity parks is increasingly being encouraged as an ex-situ effort to conserve biodiversity in Indonesia. One of the cities that are attempting to build this biodiversity park is Cimahi City in West Java. The development of the biodiversity park will not only be related to bio-physical environment aspects, but also includes other aspects including social, economic, cultural and policy. This article aims to describe the local community’s perception of the development of a biodiversity park, and to assess the community’s readiness in its development. The study that underlies the writing of this article was carried out by applying qualitative cum quantitative design by conducting a survey of 100 community members, conducting in-depth interviews with a number of resource persons and conducting field observations. The results of the study show that because of their ignorance, most of the community members perceive that the construction of the biodiversity park has no risk in their lives. This is supported by measuring the level of community readiness for the construction of a biodiversity park which is in the denial/resistance stage. The communities have no motivation to act on issues and feel that there is nothing they need to do and they should not do anything. Therefore, to ensure the sustainability of the biodiversity park in this location, the proponent (Environment Office of Cimahi City) must conduct intensive socialization, involve local communities in every stage of development, make community members part of the management of the biodiversity park, and as carefully as possible identify various business opportunities and potentials that can be done by the affected community in the location in order to make them be independent.

Education on the use of natural ingredients as medicine and making hand sanitizer

Background: Plant biodiversity in Indonesia is known to be very high and the largest in the world because it is located in the Malesia region. As many as 300 plant species are used for traditional medicine. This community service aims to provide education on the use of plants as medicine and natural ingredients as hand sanitizers and socialize the importance of washing hands for the community. Method: This service was carried out in collaboration with resource persons, KKN students, and the community. The method includes three stages: delivery of material, demonstration by showing videos, discussion, and evaluation. Results: Make hand sanitizer with a concentration of betel leaves above 15%, the same as ethanol, as an alternative that can be used for self-use. This educational activity also showed participant satisfaction regarding the activity material, which was new at 96%. Satisfaction with the material was explained at 47.4% (very satisfied), 45.4% (satisfied), and 1.09% (quite happy). The service's time efficiency was 98.15%, indicating a balance between material and tasks). Conclusion: Education on using medicinal plants and hand sanitizers provides participants with knowledge about using Moringa plants as medicine, making hand sanitizer from betel leaves, and implementing excellent and correct hand washing with soap.

Kebijakan Pemeliharaan Kelestarian Hayati Laut dalam Pengelolaan SDA di Indonesia

The exploration of policies for the conservation of marine biodiversity in the management of natural resources (SDA) in Indonesia emphasizes the urgency of preserving marine biodiversity in the world's largest archipelagic country. Challenges such as illegal fishing, environmental degradation, and a lack of institutional coordination take center stage. With the aim of identifying barriers and opportunities for policy implementation, this study analyzes models of natural resource management using a qualitative approach through literature review. The study focuses on theories of conservation, natural resource management, and international collaboration. The findings highlight the complexity of policy issues and practices in managing marine natural resources, including an evaluation of the "Community-Based Folley Sea Sasi Management" and "Blue Economy Implementation" models. The recommendations put forward involve enhancing supervision, strengthening international collaboration, and implementing advanced technologies. The implications of these findings are expected to support the formulation of more effective policies and efforts to conserve marine biodiversity in Indonesia.

Biodiversity protection and preservation: the roles of legal governance in Indonesia

Indonesia is regarded as a biodiversity hot spot. It has a variety of natural ecosystems home to many unique species. Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem and providing essential environmental and health services. It can also help prevent the extinction of certain species. Moreover, biodiversity can also indirectly have a positive economic impact on a country. On the other hand, the rich biodiversity in Indonesia is under threat. Previous research on biodiversity in Indonesia has examined how indigenous people protect biodiversity. Furthermore, another study has discussed the challenges of preserving biodiversity. This research aims to scrutinise the possibility of legal governance in managing biodiversity in Indonesia. First, this research elaborates on the various benefits of biodiversity. It also helps identify the factors that contribute to its conservation. Second, this essay analyses the current regulations in biodiversity protection at the national and provincial levels. Third, this research discusses the possibility of collaborating between the regions to protect and preserve biodiversity.

Biodiversity management policy in indonesia

The study examines policies for managing biodiversity in Indonesia from 1990-2020. The study uses evaluation research, especially regulatory impact analysis (RIA), with a qualitative approach. The objects of this research are ten regulatory documents in the form of laws that have received stipulations and various relevant national government commitment actions. The analysis process uses the RIA technique, which includes analysis of strategic problems in biodiversity management and regulatory analysis through the comparison of policy content with issues of public interest, including climate change mitigation, welfare, empowerment, intergovernmental relations, and others. The results: 1) The issue of damage and reduction of biodiversity in Indonesia is high; 2) The government’s partiality through laws reflects limited focus and required actions, minimal regulation of responsibilities across sectors and between institutions (government and non-government), weak sanctions; 3) The law has not placed the community/stakeholders outside the government as subjects in biodiversity management, the government still dominates it. The study contributes to improving the quality of regulations. Public costs can be minimized in the context of policy revisions; on the content side of regulatory revisions, it can suppress lost resources, protect the environment from damage, and mitigate climate change.

The long-crowing chickens in Indonesia: A review

Abstract All birds produce vocalizations as a form of tcommunication with other individuals. Different from songbirds, crowing is a singing vocalization produced by chickens that cannot be learned through imitation. Some genes are assumed to be responsible for this activity. The long-crowing chickens have a melodious and long sound, so they are categorized as singing chickens. They are part of the biodiversity in Indonesia, which has high economic and socio-cultural value. Reviews about long-crowing chickens, especially in Indonesia, are still very rare. This article aims to identify the uniqueness and the existence of long-crowing chickens, together with the conservation efforts needed to manage them. Information was collected from journal articles and other relevant documents. There are four local chickens in Indonesia classified as long-crowing chickens. They are developed in different areas of the community with different socio-cultural characteristics. The fundamental differences among the breeds that can be quantified are in crowing duration and the number of syllables. The government has acknowledged that long-crowing chickens are important genetic resources; however, the association and individual keepers or enthusiasts are vital actors in conservation efforts. The information about long-crowing chickens in Indonesia is incomplete. The research activities that need to be conducted include exploring the population number and distribution, as well as documentation of the local knowledge of chicken breeders and enthusiasts.

Cytotoxic Activity of Indonesian Pogonatum neesii Dozy from Cibodas Botanical Garden: In Silico Molecular Docking and In Vitro Evaluation

Background: The exploration of bryophytes biodiversity in Indonesia due to its abundance and the bioactivity of its phytochemical content, such as alkaloids and polyphenols, has received increased interest. Despite some species proven to possess pharmacological properties, the antiproliferative study of Indonesian native moss, such as the Pogonatum genus, is limited. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the anticancer effects of Pogonatum neesii Dozy antiproliferative activity on colon and cervical cancer through in silico and in vitro methods. Methods: Molecular docking analysis using Autodock VINA in PyRx softwre was conducted between natural compounds found on P. neesii and several target proteins, DNA (cytosine-5)- methyltransferase 1 (DMT-1) (Protein Data Bank (PDB) id: 4WXX) in colon cancer and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) (PDB id: 4LXD) in cervical cancer. Afterwards, total phenolic and alkaloid contents were measured. Subsequently, P. neesii was tested on HaCaT (keratinocytes), HEK293 (human embryonic kidney), HT-29 (colorectal cancer models) and HeLa (cervical cancer model) to observe its cytotoxicity. Results: Out of eight compounds, chlorogenate was found to exert the best binding energy with target proteins, although it had lower binding affinity than the protein’s natural ligand. However, the biological, drug-likeness, and toxicity analysis suggested the drug potency of the compound, thus we did the in vitro analysis. P. neesii showed significant cytotoxic effects on HT-29 and HeLa cells, while it did not exert any cytotoxic effects on HaCaT and HEK-293 cells, at the same concentrations. Conclusion: P. neesii has been shown to have the potential as an anticancer agent through in silico and in vitro analysis, where the extract showed selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines and cytocompatibility towards normal cell lines. Chlorogenate was pinpointed as the compound with the most activity and interaction with the target proteins in both cancers.

Design and Build an Application for Introduction to Endemic Indonesian Flora and Fauna Based on Virtual Reality

Virtual Reality is a technology used in today's application development. Virtual Reality allows users to fully engage in a 3D visual environment and perform various activities. Indonesia has approximately 515 species that are threatened with extinction based on data on the IUCN website. The purpose of this research is to introduce rare biodiversity in Indonesia through a Virtual Reality-based application to reduce extinction rates. In the process of making applications, the authors use the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) Waterfall model, which is a software development model with organized and structured stages. SDLC Waterfall stages include needs analysis, planning or design, implementation, and testing, including 3D creation and integration with Unity3D. Testing is applied to the black box testing method. From the trials conducted, this application can run smoothly on computers and laptops with minimal specifications. The results of testing the application involving several respondents with an average percentage value of 87.67% are feasible and effective in making this application an educative media. This application is expected to increase public awareness about Indonesia's natural wealth as well as become an interesting and innovative educational tool.

Identification of Ferns (Pteridophyta) in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Boyolali Regency, as a Resource for High School Biology Learning on Biodiversity

Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity, both flora and fauna. Biodiversity is an important wealth for life and serves as an indicator of the ecological system and a means of detecting changes in species. Identification of ferns (Pteridophyta) was carried out because the Indrokilo Boyolali Botanical Gardens are very supportive for research and have not been clearly identified and used as a source of learning biology. This study aims to identify the types of ferns (Pteridophyta) in Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Kemiri Village, Mojosongo District, Boyolali Regency which is used as a learning resource on Biodiversity material in tenth grade. The method used was exploration research. Data collection is done by exploring, the results are identified using google lens, then used as a learning resource by adjusting the high school syllabus and data analysis using description analysis. The analyzed research report can be used as a learning resource. Research in Indrokilo Boyolali Botanical Garden obtained 31 species of ferns (Pteridophyta) consisting of 14 families namely, Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Woodsiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Marattiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Lygodiaceae, Ophioglossaceae, and Equisetaceae. Through the analysis of the research report, it can be used as a learning resource for high school biology class ten, the material of Biodiversity on KD 3.2 Analyze the various levels of biodiversity in Indonesia. So that the report of the results of this study can be used as additional examples of the level of species-level diversity at the species-level diversity in biodiversity.

The diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at Tanahbala Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Mairawita, Duha S, Herwina H. 2023. The diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at Tanahbala Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 24: 1759-1765. The research was conducted from April to October 2015 to observe the diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera), complete an inventory, and obtain information about biodiversity on Tanahbala Island, South Nias District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Tanahbala Island is a small island in Indonesia with high biodiversity potential. Sampling in the study was carried out in the Fagugu and Tebolo areas with different habitat types, namely forests, forest edges, and residential areas. The tools used to collect samples are cylinder gauze and insect nets. After sampling, 617 butterflies were collected and identified. The identification results showed 52 species of butterflies consisting of 42 genera and nine families. The Nymphalidae family has the most observed species, namely 17, while the Acraeaidae family has only one observed species. The diversity index of all butterflies collected in this study showed a high average value of 3.00. This shows that the biodiversity of butterflies on Tanahbala Island is relatively high. The data obtained from this study will be beneficial to support biodiversity conservation efforts on Tanahbala Island, particularly in managing butterfly habitats. In addition, this data can also be a reference for researchers and conservationists to preserve butterfly biodiversity in Indonesia. This research also shows the importance of inventorying and monitoring biodiversity in Indonesian territory, especially in small islands such as Tanahbala Island, which should be addressed. With better inventory efforts, more complete and accurate data can be produced regarding the biodiversity in Indonesian territory so that more appropriate and effective conservation efforts can be carried out.

Biodiversity in Lower Montane Forest of Petungkriyono: A Review

One of the symbols of biodiversity in Indonesia’s lower montane forest is Petungkriyono. Due to its location adjacent to populated areas, it has an impact on the survival of the local flora and animals in the Petungkriyono forest area. This study aims to provide a preliminary description of the plant and animal species found in the Petungkriyono forest area. A synoptic review method to Petungkriyono biodiversity publications was used in the writing of the article. The study’s findings revealed that the Petungkriyono forest region consisted of 168 species of wildlife and 204 species of plants. Certain species are endemic, while others fall into the IUCN conservation status categories of Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN), and Critically Endangered (CR). It is also a certain that a number of species will be added to the CITES Appendix list in 2023 (Appendices I and II). The demands of population expansion and poaching are the current issues, burdening the forest areas that are already there. High biodiversity, stunning scenery, and the presence of indigenous knowledge can all present opportunities for ecotourism. Immediate implementation of conservative measures, such as maximizing current opportunities to preserve biodiversity, is essential.

Ethnomedicinal Exploration of Medicinal Plant in Cihanjuang Village, Pandeglang-Banten for Curing Stomacache

Biodiversity in Indonesia is the second highest in the world, the medicinal plants are included in it that must be preserved because of their great benefits for a human being life. Ethnomedicine exploration is a bright way that can be done to record and preserve the biodiversity of medicinal plants in Indonesia. The society in Cihanjuang Village still use medicinal plants to treat digestive disorders, but the lack of documentation will eliminate this knowledge in the future. This ethnomedicine study aims to determine plants which used as diarrhea and ulcer drugs in Cihanjuang Village, consisting of the name, the plant part used, the research method used, and identification of the secondary metabolites. The research methodology used are interview methods with questionnaires, observation, documentation, calculation of Use Value (UV) analysis and phytochemical screening. The informant selection technique used purposive and snowball sampling. The result of this study was the discovery of 24 species of medicinal plants to treat digestive disorders in Cihanjuang Village, most of which belonged to the family of Zingiberaceae and the leaves were the most widely used. The highest of UV’s value for diarrhea is Salak plants (Salacca zalacca) and for ulcers is Hanjuang (Dracaena sanderiana). Some of the species tested for phytochemical screening showed various secondary metabolites that were efficacious in treating digestive disorders. Areuy tulungpung is one of the species that can be studied further due to lack of information as a medicinal plant for digestive disorders.

Identification of ornamental plant species in the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve, North Sumatra

Indonesia has a fairly high biodiversity, both flora and fauna. One of the biodiversity in Indonesia is various species of ornamental plants found in the wild. One of the locations that has a diversity of ornamental plant species is the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of ornamental plants found in the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve. The method used in this research is the roaming method, namely by exploring the Martelu Purba nature reserve and then noting the species of plants that have the potential to be ornamental. The results obtained indicate that there are 19 species of ornamental plants at that location. The species of ornamental plants include the family Araceae, Orchidaceae and species of ferns. There are plants that live Epiphyte and several other species grow terrestrially.

Community structure of dragonflies (Odonata) in Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Astuti A, Nayasilana IN, Sugiyarto, Budiharjo A. 2022. Community structure of dragonflies (Odonata) in Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2493-2501. Dragonflies are one component of biodiversity in Indonesia, which function both as predators and bioindicators of water quality. Dragonfly habitat is widespread ranging from highland forest areas, lowland forests, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, swamps, and rice fields to settlements. One location that becomes dragonfly habitat is in the Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the community structure and habitat preferences of dragonflies in Gunung Bromo’s FASP. Data resulting from this study is expected used as a database for Gunung Bromo’s FASP managing. The study was conducted along the Bamban river which is located in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP area, in June-July 2019. Dragonflies were collected in 14 observation stations. At each observation, station transects were 100 m in length and 10 m in width. Data collection included the dragonflies species, the individual numbers, and environmental factors both abiotic and biotic factors. Data analysis included the diversity, evenness, dominance and similarity of dragonfly species. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the dragonfly abundance pattern and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to determine the relationship between dragonflies and their environmental factors. The results showed there were 23 species of dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP with a diversity index of 1.96. PCA results indicate the abundance of dragonflies is not much different in each species. Meanwhile, CCA results show almost of the dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, except on Orthetrum sabina and Copera marginipes. They are assumed have unspecific habitat preferences.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Infra-Radiation Test of Crude the Leaves of Nothophanax scutellarium Merr., Moringa oleifera and Piper betle L.

Biodiversity in Indonesia is home to medicinal plants in the world, including Nothopanax scutellarium Merr., Moringa oliefera Lam., Piper betle L. Several researchers have examined the active compounds contained in these plants. This study focused on preliminary phytochemistry and FTIR analysis of leaf extracts of Nothopanax scutellarium Merr., Moringa oliefera Lam., Piper betle L. Phytochemicals were extracted with ethanol 70% by maceration. The results showed that the active compounds of flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and alkaloids were present in the three leaves. FTIR analysis observed the main peak at wavenumber 3623.44 cm-1 in the mangkokan leaf extract, wavenumber 3690.64 cm-1 in the moringa leaf extract, and wavenumber 3683.89 cm-1 in the piper betle leaf extract. All of which showed the O-H phenol functional group.

PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR EKOLOGI TUMBUHAN BERBASIS PENELITIAN KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI HUTAN LINDUNG SUMBER UBALAN

Biodiversity in Indonesia is high and very diverse, so it is important to conduct research on it, and no less important is the development of research-based textbooks so that textbooks can be more contextual. Research textbooks on plant biodiversity have not yet been developed specifically, so it is necessary to develop textbooks on agricultural ecology courses which are one of the courses that must be taken by undergraduate students of the Agrotechnology study program, Kahuripan University, Kediri. The method used in this study adapts Borg and Gall's Research and Development (R&D) development method. The test results obtained from the media expert validator are 88% and from the material expert validator 90% then from the product trial is 87%

The impact of Diplazium esculentum on the activities of cholinesterase, paraoxonase-1, and malondialdehyde in vegetable farmers who use pesticides

Background: .The use of pesticides in the world is currently increasing and even uncontrolled and poses a risk of pesticide poisoning for farmers. Diplazium esculentum is a biodiversity in Indonesia and contains active compounds include steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, flavones and high antioxidant potential, which contains flavonoid compounds that have the potential to reduce pesticide poisoning Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of Diplazium esculentum on enzyme cholinesterase activity, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in farmers exposed to pesticides. Methods: This study used a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) experimental design, in which the researcher divides research samples between the experimental and control groups at random using double-blind criteria. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, cholinesterase activity, paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and malondialdehyde (MDA) test are examined. There were 375 participants in this study, all of whom were pesticide-using vegetable growers in Kanreapia Village, Tombolopao District, Gowa Regency. 42 persons served as samples, although (21 people in the intervention group and 21 people in the control group). Results: Results showed that Diplazium esculentum had a significant effect on cholinesterase and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in pesticide-using vegetable farmers. Conclusions:  There is an effect of Diplazium esculentum on enzyme cholinesterase, and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, and there is no effect of Diplazium esculentum on malondialdehyde (MDA) in farmers exposed to pesticides.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Studi Etnomedisin Pada Mahasiswa Farmasi

The topic of research on the exploration of natural materials is still a favorite among pharmacy students. This is also supported by the biodiversity in Indonesia which is spread across the region. Students need more insight and description of research topics related to natural product products, one of which is ethnomedicine studies. Based on this background, it is necessary to provide education related to ethnomedicine studies from experts to increase students' knowledge about the topic of exploring medicinal herbs and plants from ethnic groups in Indonesia. Education is carried out using lecture and discussion methods in webinars using virtual meeting applications with pretest and posttest. The webinar was attended by 239 participants, with the majority being pharmacy students from several Indonesian pharmacy universities. From the results of the pretest, it is known that the average knowledge of participants about ethnomedicine is 53.89. After the expert's explanation, the participants' knowledge increased with the average post-test score of 71.21. Participants' knowledge of the ethnomedicine study increased after being given education.