Heterogeneous photocatalysis provides a sustainable pathway to solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental remediation. In this work, rose-like SiO2@BiOCl/Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst is composed of mesoporous SiO2, BiOCl nanosheets and Bi24O31Cl10 nanoparticles. The as-obtained photocatalysts show satisfactory photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin (OFX) efficiency, which could remove 90% of OFX in 6 min under UV–visible light irradiation. Moreover, Rose-like SiO2@BiOCl/Bi24O31Cl10 catalysts showed good stability and recyclability, it maintained a removal efficiency of 81% in the tenth cycle. The enhancement of catalytic activity is mainly attributed to the presence of SiO2, which increases the light scattering and broadens the light absorption range. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between the SiO2, BiOCl and Bi24O31Cl10 could effectively accelerate the separation of the photo-generated carriers, which facilitate to generate reactive oxygen species, then effectively degrade the OFX. Therefore, this paper provides an important step for the rational synthesis of mesoporous SiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts for environment remediation.