Biochemical Parameters In Mice Research Articles

The Effect of Hydrolyzed Spirulina by Malted Barley on Forced Swimming Test in ICR Mice

Spirulina is a true puree of a filamentous, spiral-shaped blue alga and exerts the useful properties as a source of many biochemicals. This study investigated the antidepressant-like effect of hydrolyzed Spirulina by malted barley on the forced swimming test in mice. After the forced swimming test, we examined the levels of several blood biochemical parameters in mice. The effect of the hydrolyzed Spirulina by malted barley-treated group for 2 weeks on the immobility time was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (p < .05). Plasma level of blood urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase was significantly decreased in the hydrolyzed Spirulina by malted barley-treated group compared with the control group (p < .05). It had no effect on the variation of creatine kinase, glucose, total protein, and albumin levels. Therefore, these results suggest that hydrolyzed Spirulina by malted barley might be a candidate among antidepressant agents.

Neuroprotective effect of nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling and associated biochemical parameters in mice

Brain cyclooxygenases (COX), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, is rapidly and transiently induced by convulsions in hippocampal and cortical neurons. Previous studies have explored the protective effect of naproxen (non-selective COX-inhibitor) or rofecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor) against chemical kindling in mice. With this background, the present study was designed to explore the possible effect of nimesulide (a preferential COX-2 inhibitor) against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling epilepsy in mice. To induce kindling, PTZ was injected in a subconvulsive dose (40 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 15 days. Nimesulide (2.5 or 5 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered each day 45 min before either PTZ or vehicle challenge. The intensity of kindling was assessed immediately after PTZ administration according to a prevalidated scoring scale. On 16th day i.e. 24 h after the last dose of PTZ, animals were sacrificed and various biochemical parameters were assessed in the whole brain. Compared with normal control group, PTZ-kindled mice had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, nitrite, myeloperoxidase but had lower levels of reduced glutathione in the whole brain homogenate. Chronic treatment with nimesulide (2.5 or 5 mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days showed significant decrease in kindling score and could play a role in controlling the accompanying biochemical alterations due to PTZ. These results suggested that nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor offered neuroprotection against PTZ-induced kindling in mice.

Nimesulide, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor counteracts immobilization stress-induced alterations in different behavioral and biochemical parameters in mice

There are reports regarding the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase isoenzyme particularly inducible isoform i.e. COX-2 in brain during neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present study, we examined the effect of nimesulide (a preferential COX-2 inhibitor) in subchronic immobilization stress. Mice were subjected to immobilization stress for 6 hrs daily for a period of seven days. Nimesulide (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered daily for 7 days before challenging them to immobilization stress. Behavioral analysis revealed the hyperlocomotor activity and increased anxious response. Subchronic stress decreased % retention of memory and also caused hyperalgesic response in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic immobilization stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and decreased the reduced glutathione and adrenal ascorbic acid levels. Chronic treatment with nimesulide significantly attenuated the immobilization stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. These results suggested that the use of nimesulide could be a useful neuroprotective strategy in the treatment of stress.

Effects of Premature Fruit (MC) on Some Biochemical Parameters in Mice

Effects of Premature Fruit (MC) on Some Biochemical Parameters in Mice

Effect of two Athamanta turbith subspecies essential oils on some liver biochemical parameters in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride

We investigated the effects of essential oils isolated from mature fruits of Athamanta turbith ssp. hungarica (Borbás) Tutin and A. turbith ssp. haynaldii (Borbás & Uechtr.) Tutin (Umbelliferae) on some liver biochemical parameters in mice intoxicated with CCl4. Mice received single oral administration of water emulsion of essential oils (70, 140, 280µl of essential oil/kg b.w.) three hours before CCl4 was administrated (in single dose of 1ml/kg b.w.). Twenty-four hours after intoxication, mice were sacrificed to obtain blood and liver. In liver homogenate activities of following enzymes were measured: peroxidase (Px), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidase (LPx) and xanthine oxidase (XOD), together with the content of reduced glutathione (GSH). In serum, the activities of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated [1]. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett's 2-sided post hoc test. A mean difference was significant at the 0.05 level. Treatment with CCl4 yielded a decrease in activities of CAT, XOD, GSH-Px, as well as of GSH content. Px, LPx, AST and ALT activities were increased. In applied doses, examined essential oils showed a certain hepatoprotective effect, since pretreatment with either of essential oils extenuated the effects caused by CCl4. In mice treated only with essential oils, decrease in Px and CAT activity was detected, while values for other liver biochemical parameters did not vary significantly from the control group (not treated animals). Myristicin, the major compound in both essential oils, was previously reported to be a potent hepatoprotective agent [2].

The Effect of Proteinous Compounds from Myrtus communis L. Fruit on Some Biochemical Parameters in Mice

The Effect of Proteinous Compounds from Myrtus communis L. Fruit on Some Biochemical Parameters in Mice

The influence of amitraz on biochemical parameters in mice.

In this study, the effect of amitraz on biochemical parameters of mice was studied. Mice were given amitraz by gavage at 15 or 45 mg/kg body weight. Since the drug was diluted with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), it was administered to another experimental animal group in order to determine its own effects on biochemical parameters. Following drug administration, 48 hours passed to let hepatic lesions develop and after that 1 mL of blood was taken from each mouse. They were killed by ether euthanasia for histopathological examination. The result of the analyses revealed that amitraz had no effect on serum glucose concentration, whereas DMSO led to a significant decrease in blood sugar concentration. Increase in urea, phosphorous, aspartate transaminase and alanine amino transferase values were observed only in the group given 45 mg/kg body weight amitraz. A decrease in creatinine and alkaline phosphatase concentrations was observed in all groups. No differences were observed in serum calcium and bilirubin concentrations. No pathological changes were detected in the kidneys and livers. It was concluded that, even in asymptomatic amitraz toxicity cases, adverse effects on kidney and liver functions were likely to develop.

Toxicity Profile of Benzo[a]pyrene in the MaleLacZTransgenic Mouse (MutaMouse) Following Oral Administration for 5 Consecutive Days

The toxicity profile of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) was examined in the MutaMouse. The transgenic mouse integrated with λgt10lacZvectors is used worldwide as an experimental animal inin vivomutagenesis testing systems. There are few toxicity studies including carcinogenicity in the MutaMouse, and so far only a few carcinogenicity studies of BP accompanied with hematological and plasma biochemical examinations have been conducted even in generic mice. Accordingly, male mice were orally administered BP at doses of 75 and 125 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days, and complete autopsy was conducted together with pathological, hematological, and plasma biochemical examinations and measurement of organ weights 41 weeks after the last treatment. Squamous cell papilloma and hyperplasia in the forestomach were induced at incidences of 25 and 50%, respectively and were induced 26 weeks after the final treatment without any significant alterations in the hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in mice of the 125 mg/kg/day BP-treated satellite group. Fourty-one weeks after the final treatments, 75 and 125 mg/kg/day BP induced squamous cell carcinoma, papiloma, and hyperplasia in the forestomach at incidences of 18 and 18%, 36 and 45%, and 91 and 91%, respectively, and anemia possibly due to continuous hemorrhage from tumors in the forestomach. BP (125 mg/kg/day) also produced malignant lymphoma with an incidence of 18%, accompanied by a marked increase in leukocyte count and decrease in erythrocyte count and by a remarkable decrease in body weights 26 and 39 weeks after the last treatment. Moreover, administration of 75 and 125 mg/kg/day BP induced bronchiolar–alveolar hyperplasia in the lung at incidences of 18 and 9%, respectively. Slight increases were also observed in the weight of the liver and in the levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium ion in the plasma biochemical examinations, although no significant pathological alterations were found in the liver and kidney. This study provides new information about BP toxicity including carcinogenicity in the MutaMouse developed forin vivomutational analysis.

Seasonal and circadian fluctuations of blood biochemical parameters in mice exposed to natural and constant light

Seasonal and circadian fluctuations of blood biochemical parameters in mice exposed to natural and constant light

Loss of an adrenergic effect in swiss mice

The effect of adrenaline on the amount of blood eosinophils (eosinophilia) which had been found in Swiss mice in earlier experiments was lost after a few generations. The hyperglycermic response to adrenaline had not been changed. Sensitivities to noradrenaline and adrenaline were as found earlier, but the sensitivity to isoprenaline was reduced. The reduction of β-adrenergic responsiveness suggests variations in biochemical parameters of mice or the appearance of mice genetically less responsive to β-adrenergic drugs in only a few generations.