Bio-organic Fertilizer Research Articles

EFFECT OF BIO FERTILIZER, ORGANIC MANURE SOURCES AND APPLICATION METHOD ON GROWTH, LEAF MINERAL CONTENT, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF FLAMESEEDLEES GRAPES

This investigation was conducted for two successive seasons (2016- 2017) in a private vineyard located at El-Sadat, Menoufia governorate; on Flame seedless grapevines to study the effect of organic fertilizers, application method and bio fertilizers for Flame seedless grapevines by using different sources of organic fertilizers. The chosen vines were seven years old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2 X 3 meters apart, irrigated by the drip system, and spur-pruned and trellised by Y Shape system. Organic fertilizers (compost, city west compost and chicken manure) were applied either in the form of individual by (trench or superficial) application method. Bio fertilizers (Nitrobien and Rhizobacterien) were applied either in the form of individual as a twelve treatments. This study indicated that application of poultry manure with trench application + Rhizobacterien was the best management system for achieving the best vegetative growth parameters, leaf mineral content and ensuring the best yield with fruit quality at tributes of Flame Seedless grapevines.

EFFECT OF BIO FERTILIZER, ORGANIC MANURE SOURCES AND APPLICATION ON GROWTH, LEAF MINERAL CONTENT, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF GRAPES

This investigation was conducted for two successive seasons (2016- 2017) in a private vineyard located at El-Sadat, Menoufiya governorate; on Flame seedless grapevines to study the effect of organic fertilizers, application method and bio fertilizers for Flame seedless grapevines by using different sources of organic fertilizers. The chosen vines were seven years old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2 X 3 meters apart, irrigated by the drip system, and spur-pruned and trellised by Y Shape system. Organic fertilizers (compost, city west compost and chicken manure) were applied either in the form of individual by (trench or superficial) application method. Bio fertilizers (Nitrobien and Rhizobacterien) were applied either in the form of individual as a twelve treatments. This study indicated that application of poultry manure with trench application + Rhizobacterien was the best management system for achieving the best vegetative growth parameters, leaf mineral content and ensuring the best yield with fruit quality at tributes of Flame Seedless grapevines.

Maize hybrids' productivity depending on the use of biological products and bioorganic fertilizers “Nagro”

The field trials were carried out in 2018-2019 in the laboratory for cultivation technology of row crops of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd). The experimental plot was located in the southern agricultural zone of the Rostov region (with insufficient and unstable moisture). The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem) on loess-like loam, with 3.2% of humus, 18.5-20.0 mg of P2O5, 342-360 mg of K2O per kg of soil. The value of the hydrothermal coefficient in the years of research ranged from 0.27 to 0.66, which characterized the insufficient moisture supply of the vegetation period. The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of biological products and bioorganic fertilizer “Nagro” on the productivity of the mid-ripening hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354 MB'. The applied bio products had a significant effect on the safety of plants for harvesting, which was at the level of 86.6-87.9% and indicators of the yield structure, where there was a significant improvement in comparison with the control variant on 7.2-26.2 g of a cob weight, 6.0-19.75 g of kernel weight per cob, 19.2-32.3 g of 1000-kernel weight. The productivity increase due to the use of bio products ranged in 0.18-0.56 t/ha. The most energetically efficient variants of the trial were the use of the bioorganic fertilizer “Nagro” and the biological product “Flavobacterin”, where the minimum values of the energy intensity of the product were 4.55 GJ/ha (“Nagro”) and the maximum energy efficiency coefficient was 2.39 GJ/ha (“Flavobacterin”). When using the bioorganic fertilizer “Nagro”, there was the largest net income of 20 343 rubles/ha, with the smallest production cost of 3487 rubles/ha and the highest profitability level of 158%.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МИКРОУДОБРЕНИЯ И БИОПРЕПАРАТА НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ НА ПОСЕВАХ КЛЕВЕРА ЛУГОВОГО

Feed production has been and remains one of the most important and complex problems in agriculture. The production of forage far exceeds the gross production of all other crop products. At the same time, being the most important branch of agriculture, they do not meet the needs of animal husbandry. The development of animal husbandry has recently been characterized by major organizational and technical changes. The process of specialization and concentration of its individual industries is under way at an accelerated pace. A network of large complexes for the production of livestock products on an industrial basis is being created, and farms are being comprehensively mechanized. All this led to an increase in the production of all livestock products. The successful development of animal husbandry depends, first of all, on the state of the fodder base. In recent years, fodder production has developed into one of the most important branches of agriculture. Analysis of the current state of feed production in North Ossetia shows that the supply of livestock with feed is 1.5 times lower than in some regions of the Russian Federation and has a tendency to further decline. This is due to the fact that feed production is aimed at volumetric rather than quality indicators. Therefore, all vegetable feeds of our own production are characterized by a low concentration of protein in dry matter (8.3-9.2%) and metabolizable energy (8.2-8.5 MJ). Clover is one of the leading forage crops. Its role as a cheap source of protein for animals and as an excellent precursor in crop rotation is well known. Agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to the nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the ground, loosen the soil layer, extracting nutrients that are difficult for other plants to reach, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical properties, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. Get ting high and stable yields is possible with uninterrupted, harmonious, balanced supply of plants with basic nutrients in accordance with their needs throughout the growing season. The size of the yield is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the culture under study, cultivation conditions, agricultural techniques and their combinations. It is advisable to focus on modern biological products and complex bioorganic fertilizers, because their composition is as close to optimal values as possible.

Study of the Impact of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on growth of Phaseolus aureus Roxb.

Weed sare wild plants growing where they are not wanted, and they compete with the cultivated crop for nutrition. Though they are seen as agricultural waste throughout the year, they are rich sources of nutrients. They grow in abundance during the rainy season, but as the season ends these biomasses get wasted. In the present investigation, Tephrosia hamiltonii Drumm belonging to family Fabaceae, and Achyranthes aspera L. belonging to the family Amaranthaceae were used as a nutrient source to develop crop Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Weed manures, Vermicompost and Compost, were prepared by using weeds T.hamiltonii Drumm and A.aspera L. in 1:1 proportion. Chemical analysis of weed and weed manures were done before administering it into the soil. Neem cake was also used as one of the organic manures. In the experiment, a single dose of biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria were mixed with Weed Vermicompost, Weed Compost and Neem cake; and in one of the treatments, only biofertilizers were used indouble dose. Treatments were given to the crop as ATVB, ATCB, NCB, BioD, NPK, and Control in a randomized block design of experimental plot size 1.5X 1.5 m. The use of chemical pesticides or fertilizers was completely avoided except for NPK treatment plots. Single plant analysis of pulse crop P. aureus Roxb. was done. Observations were recorded in the forms of fresh weight and dry weight of root, stem, leaves, leaf (4th number), and legumes. Total fresh yield (kg ha-1), DM (kg ha-1) increase over control, and Nitrogen efficiency ratio were recorded. Results showed that %DM (an increase over control) and DM kg ha-1 recorded highest in ATVB treatment and the highest N efficiency ratio was in BioD. The present investigation emphasized reducing the input cost of the farm products along with protection of the environment and natural resources.

Application of bio-organic fertilizer, not biochar, in degraded red soil improves soil nutrients and plant growth

Biochar (B) and fertilizer (organic fertilizer, OF and synthetic fertilizer, CF) are frequently applied to improve ecosystem function and increase crop productivity in degraded soil. Nonetheless, the effects and mechanism of biochar in combination with OF and CF on degraded red soil was unclear. The aim was to study the influence of biochar and fertilizer related amendments in a degraded red soil on the rhizosphere microbiome of Plantago lanceolate under controlled condition. Soil was amended with rice husk biochar (5%, w/w), bio-organic fertilizer (5%, w/w), biochar (5%, w/w) + bio-organic fertilizer (5%, w/w), synthetic fertilizer (0.5%, w/w) and biochar (5%, w/w) + synthetic fertilizer (0.5%, w/w), in a greenhouse experiment. Illumina high throughput sequencing and PICRUSt analysis of functional gene prediction were employed to characterize the rhizosphere microbial community and its functional component involved in nitrogen (N) cycling and soil carbon (C) degradation. At harvest of 90 days, plant growth was highest with bio-organic fertilizer amendment, followed by biochar + synthetic fertilizer. Compared to the control, bio-organic fertilizer related amendment increased microbial diversity indexes (Ace, Sobs and Chao), but synthetic fertilizer decreased them significantly. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed that the microbial community was separated by the type of fertilizer, but not biochar. Redundancy analysis (RDA) at the phylum level further showed that electrical conductivity and soil carbon affected bacterial community, whereas alkaline nitrogen had a significant effect on the fungal community. PICRUSt analysis exhibited that bio-organic fertilizer related amendments decreased the abundance of labile C (glucoamylase and beta-galactosidase) and increased recalcitrant C degrading genes (catalase and endoglucanase). Predicted N cycling genes abundance increased with the addition of bio-organic fertilizer (nifD, amoA·amoB, Hao, nrfA, nirK and nosZ) and biochar + bio-organic fertilizer (amoA·amoB, Hao, narG, nrfA, nirk and nosZ). Biochar did not alter the relative abundance of phylum-level taxa and predicted functional genes in the absence of fertilizer. Via regulation of soil microbial community, bio-organic fertilizer amendment had positive impacts on N cycling, however, enhanced recalcitrant C degrading and inhibited labile C degrading.

Improving Physiological and Yield Traits of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by using Various Sources of Organic Wastes and Bio Fertilizers, Rhizobia

Background: Investigations were carried out during Rabi, 2016 and Summer, 2017 at farmer’s field in Kodukkanpalayam village of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the direct effects of agro industrial wastes (bagasse ash, pressmud and distillery spentwash), crop residues, farmyard manure with 50% inorganic sources, with and without Rhizobia on various traits of groundnut. There were twelve treatments in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Results revealed that the growth and yield components of groundnut viz., plant height, DMP and LAI at flowering stage, number of pods per plant, hundred kernel weight, pod yield and kernel yield were greatly influenced by the treatments. Methods: Combination of Pressmud @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Rhizobia @ 2 kg ha-1 + 50% RDF (T7) recorded the highest and followed by the application of distillery spentwash @ 100 m3 ha-1 + Rhizobia @ 2 kg ha-1 + 50% RDF (T8). Similar trend of results was recorded in summer, 2017 also. This might be due to the increase in the availability of nutrients, which increased the growth and yield attributes of groundnut in both the seasons. Also, use of agro industrial wastes and biofertilizers in any cropping sequence minimize the cost of inorganic fertilizers, thereby act as a boom to farmers by making the waste into wealth and maintain the soil health and fertility. Result: The study revealed the scope of utilization of agro industrial wastes (bagasse ash, pressmud and distillery spentwash), organic sources (crop residues and FYM) and biofertilizer (Rhizobia) in Agriculture.

Sustainable Biorefinery and Production of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

ALFALFA is considered as “the Queen of the Forages” due to its high protein content and nutritional value. The production of alfalfa under different stressful environments is a great challenge, representing a serious threat to global food security. To improve the production of alfalfa under stressful conditions, there is a crucial need to understand the response of alfalfa plants to stresses, the mechanisms of tolerance and the management options. Alfalfa is a promising biorefinery crop from which leaf protein concentrates as well as bio-organic fertilizers can be produced. The potential of leaf-derived protein concentrate for human and animal nutrition is huge, yet unexploited. The bio-organic fertilizers derived from alfalfa plants represent a sustainable way to supply the plant with some nutrients. This review article highlights the sustainable use of alfalfa in biorefinery and bio-organic fertilizer production. Moreover, scattered knowledge about its use for production is collected supporting its suitability for improving soil fertility. Last, we discuss the suitability of alfalfa to produce stable yields in the light of changing climate and stressful conditions like salinity.

Soil N-oxide emissions decrease from intensive greenhouse vegetable fields by substituting synthetic N fertilizer with organic and bio-organic fertilizers

In order to reduce soil and environmental quality degradation associated with the use of synthetic nitrogen (N), substituting chemical fertilizer with organic or bio-organic fertilizer has become an increasingly popular option. However, components of this fertilizer strategy related to mitigation of soil N-oxide emissions and maintenance of crop yield remain uncertain. Here, we evaluated the effects of three different fertilizer strategies, with equal amounts of N, on nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions, vegetable yield, and yield-scaled N2O and NO emissions under three consecutive cucumber growing seasons. The three treatments were chemical fertilizer (NPK, urea), organic fertilizer (O, composted cattle manure), and bio-organic fertilizer (O + T, O combined with Trichoderma.spp). Results showed that the NPK plot had the highest area-scaled emissions of N2O (13.1 ± 0.48 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and NO (5.01 ± 0.34 kg N ha−1 yr−1), which were 1.3–1.4 and 3.1–3.7 times greater than the O and O + T plots, respectively. The annual direct emission factors for N2O and NO were 2.08% and 0.92% for the NPK plot, which declined to 1.34% and 0.09% in the O plot, and 1.12% and 0.03% in the O + T plot, respectively. The annual vegetable yield was 117 ± 2.9 t ha−1 for NPK plot and 122 ± 2.0 t ha−1 for O + T plot, which was higher than 111 ± 1.7 t ha−1 for O plot. The yield-scaled N2O + NO emissions differed significantly with fertilization treatment, with the lowest value observed in the O + T plot. We attributed the lower soil N-oxide emissions following organic fertilizer application to the slow release of available N and enhanced denitrification caused by the increase of soil dissolved organic carbon and pH. Compared with the use of organic fertilizer alone, the addition of Trichoderma.spp significantly increased the potential denitrification rate but decreased N2O emissions, which may have promoted the reduction of N2O to N2. Therefore, our results suggest that adopting composted organic fertilizer mixtures with microbial inoculants could be a win-win practice to mitigate gaseous N losses and simultaneously improve crop yield in intensively managed vegetable cropping systems.

Bio-organic fertilizers stimulate indigenous soil Pseudomonas populations to enhance plant disease suppression

BackgroundPlant diseases caused by fungal pathogen result in a substantial economic impact on the global food and fruit industry. Application of organic fertilizers supplemented with biocontrol microorganisms (i.e. bioorganic fertilizers) has been shown to improve resistance against plant pathogens at least in part due to impacts on the structure and function of the resident soil microbiome. However, it remains unclear whether such improvements are driven by the specific action of microbial inoculants, microbial populations naturally resident to the organic fertilizer or the physical-chemical properties of the compost substrate. The aim of this study was to seek the ecological mechanisms involved in the disease suppressive activity of bio-organic fertilizers.ResultsTo disentangle the mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer action, we conducted an experiment tracking Fusarium wilt disease of banana and changes in soil microbial communities over three growth seasons in response to the following four treatments: bio-organic fertilizer (containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W19), organic fertilizer, sterilized organic fertilizer and sterilized organic fertilizer supplemented with B. amyloliquefaciens W19. We found that sterilized bioorganic fertilizer to which Bacillus was re-inoculated provided a similar degree of disease suppression as the non-sterilized bioorganic fertilizer across cropping seasons. We further observed that disease suppression in these treatments is linked to impacts on the resident soil microbial communities, specifically by leading to increases in specific Pseudomonas spp.. Observed correlations between Bacillus amendment and indigenous Pseudomonas spp. that might underlie pathogen suppression were further studied in laboratory and pot experiments. These studies revealed that specific bacterial taxa synergistically increase biofilm formation and likely acted as a plant-beneficial consortium against the pathogen.ConclusionTogether we demonstrate that the action of bioorganic fertilizer is a product of the biocontrol inoculum within the organic amendment and its impact on the resident soil microbiome. This knowledge should help in the design of more efficient biofertilizers designed to promote soil function.D1PtKTqtmixUWuvNc217QuVideo

Influence of nutrient management and moisture conservation practices on Growth and development of organic baby corn (Zea mays L.) in Assam

Background: Baby corn is the small (6-7 cm long) and young unfertilized corn ear harvested at the stage of silk emergence (i.e. within 2 - 3 days of silk emergence). In the present scenario, the use of chemical fertilizers may help in achieving maximum yield of baby corn but they pose serious health hazards and it is a big threat to the sustainability of agriculture. Assam has tremendous potential to grow crops organically and emerge as the main supplier of organic products in the world’s organic market. In Assam, baby corn is rather a new introduction, so efforts are required to standardize the its cultivation. Therefore, the need was felt to standardize organic production technology for baby corn through supplementation of the nutrient requirement through organic manures and biofertilizers. Moisture conservation in agriculture is also very essential in this dynamic climate change. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the year 2016-17. The experiment consisted of two different factors i.e. nutrient management viz., control, enriched compost 2.5 t ha-1, vermicompost 2 t ha-1 incubated with bio-fertilizers, poultry manure 2 t ha-1 incubated with bio-fertilizers, FYM 2.5 t ha-1 incubated with bio-fertilizers and FYM 2.5 t ha-1+lime+ash (1000:10:1) and moisture conservation i.e. no mulch and mulch with paddy straw @ 2 t ha-1). Plant height at harvest, number of leaves plant-1 at harvest and dry matter production (g plant-1), LAI, LAD at 30 day days interval was recorded. Reading on chlorophyll content was taken by SPAD- 502 chlorophyll meter at 45 DAS and 90 DAS. Cob yield was recorded from the net plot area and expressed in t ha-1. Result: Application of enriched compost 2.5 t ha-1 in baby corn produced highest growth characters like plant height, number of leaves plant-1, dry matter production, leaf area index, leaf area duration, chlorophyll content, cob yield with husk (8.165 t ha-1) followed by FYM 2.5 t ha-1+lime+ash (6.495 t ha-1). Mulching with paddy straw 2 t ha-1 recorded the higher cob yield (6.172 t ha-1) over no mulch condition (5.431 t ha-1).

The Effect of Bioorganic Dosage with N, P Fertilizer on Rice Production of Sri Methods and Increased Nutrient Content of Paddy Soil Intensification

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) operates under aerobic conditions so that helpful microbes are active and abundant. Effective N-fixing rhizobacteria and indigenous phosphate solubilizers Azotobacter and Pseudomonas grow well in the organic compost Bioorganic because it resembles their natural habitat. The purpose of this research is to find out the right dose of Bioorganic fertilizer and the most N and P doses needed to optimize the SRI method of rice crop production. This research uses a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is Bioorganic fertilizer dosage (1, 3, and 6) t ha-1. The second factor is the dose of N and P fertilizers to use (0, 25, 50, and 75)% of the recommended dosage. The results of this study inform you about Bioorganic fertilizers containing Azotobacter and Pseudomonas fluorescens indigenous. Azotobacter bacteria produce the availability of nutrients N, which functions as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), these bacteria quickly colonize the root system, regulate hormonal balance, nutrition, and encourage resistance to pathogens. Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria acts as a provider of phosphorus and nutrients in the generative phase. Both of these microbes have a role in SRI method of rice plant metabolism to increase vegetative and generative growth of rice plants with SRI method with production reaching production of 8.80 t ha-1 in B2 (3 t ha-1) and N2P2 (50%) with the production of 9.21 t ha-1, so the use of inorganic fertilizers is more efficient. Rice soil nutrient status increased pH from slightly acidic to neutral, C-organic increased from 1.27% (low) to 9.30-10.68% (high), N total from 0.13% (low) to 0.45-0.58% (high), P- available from 13.0 ppm reaching 18.0-20.0 ppm (moderate), the Bioorganic application has not been able to increase the C: N, CEC value and base saturation. Nutrient uptake of N and P on the leaves of rice plants is better at dose B2. Bioorganic applications increase the nutrient content of paddy soils planted with the SRI method compared to initial soil nutrient analysis.

Alfalfa Growth under Changing Environments: An Overview

Crop production is one of most important agro-global issues, in particular questions of production under changing environmental conditions. This production needs to be increased to meet global needs for food, feed, fiber and fuel. Alfalfa is classified as the queen of forage crops due to its high protein content and nutritional value as well as its unique availability during summer compared with other forage crops. The production of alfalfa under different stressful environments is a great challenge due to several problems with alfalfa crop production, which represent a serious threat to global food security. These stresses may cause a decline in global feed production from alfalfa due to harmful effects resulting from stresses at physiological, biochemical and histological levels. To improve production of alfalfa under these stresses, there is a crucial need to understand response of alfalfa plants to stresses, mechanisms of tolerance and management options. The bio-organic fertilizers derived from alfalfa plants are a crucial and sustainable solution in particular under stressful environments. This review represents an attempt to highlight positive sides of alfalfa production, particularly sustainable use of this crop in bio-organic fertilizer production. The chemical and anatomical properties of this plant will also be reviewed. The histology of alfalfa plants under changing environments still needs further investigation.

Identification and application of Streptomyces microflavus G33 in compost to suppress tomato bacterial wilt disease

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most destructive disease impacting production. Application of bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) containing antagonistic microorganism to suppress tomato bacterial wilt disease may be a promising disease control strategy. Here, we used organic waste materials, specifically biogas residues, cattle manure and rice straw, in composting with antagonistic strain G33 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy tomato plant to produce BOF. Strain G33 was identified as Streptomyces microflavus by morphological and culturing traits and by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. We conducted a field experiment with control treatment, organic fertilizer and BOF-G33 to characterize suppression of tomato bacterial wilt disease. Our results indicate that the optimal combination containing (w/w) 40% biogas residues, 40% cattle manure and 20% rice straw can increase the nutrient contents of the compost product, prolong the thermophilic period and increase the decomposition rate of organic matter and the humification degree. A combination of strain G33 and mature compost produced under optimal conditions resulted in the spore number of 5.75 × 109 CFU/g on the sixth day of fermentation. Field experiments showed that BOF-G33 significantly decreased the incidence of tomato wilt; the disease biocontrol efficiency was 64.4%. In addition, application of the BOF-G33 significantly reduced the pathogenic R. solanacearum populations and increased the abundance of beneficial indigenous flora in the rhizosphere soil, which might have been the key factors in constraining the disease. In conclusion, this study showed that bioorganic fertilizer with Streptomyces microflavus G33 is a potential biocontrol agent for controlling tomato bacterial disease.

Biogas production from chicken manure at different organic loading rates in a mesophilic full scale anaerobic digestion plant

The objective of this work was to determine the potential of using chicken manure (CM) as a sole feedstock for renewable biogas production under anaerobic conditions before spreading the digested chicken manure biomass on the fields as an organic biofertilizer. The chicken manure samples from four different locations of Lithuania were analysed and compared in order to better understand the chemical composition of the locally generated biomass resource. The annual quantities of chicken manure produced were investigated allowing estimation of the biogas potential if such biomass was treated anaerobically. Laboratory biomethane potential (BMP) tests performed indicated the biogas potential of methane – 508 mL CH4 g−1 VS added and this result was compared to biogas yields obtained in full scale anaerobic digestion plant using manure as a core substrate. Fermentation process data analysis of anaerobic digestion performance indicates that the system is able to adapt even if the same operational conditions, such as organic loading rate and retention time are applied. Once adapted, the performance of biogas plant fermenter was able to deliver 93% of chicken manure biogas potential with an OLR of 3.14 kg VS L−1d−1 and TAN concentration of 5.5 g L−1. The results indicated that it is possible to digest chicken manure as a stand-alone feedstock if ammonium concentration was carefully controlled via optimized fresh water dilution process.

The Prevention of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Fermented from Cow Manure Compost by Bacillus sp. XG-1 on Watermelon Continuous Cropping Barrier.

The continuous cropping barrier is an important factor leading to the decline of watermelon quality and yield. In this study, we focused on a bio-organic fertilizer prepared with one bacterial strain, Bacillus sp. XG-1, to prevent the occurrence of the continuous cropping barrier. The strain XG-1 was isolated from watermelon rhizosphere soil, and promoted the growth of watermelon by producing phytase (0.19 U/mL), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 7.31 mg/L), and gibberellins (GA3, 2.47 mg/L). In addition, the strain also possessed a strong antagonistic effect against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) by inhibiting conidia germination with an inhibition ratio of 85.3% and mycelium growth. The bio-organic fertilizer fermented by XG-1, based on cow manure compost and rapeseed meal (85:15, w/w) under optimal conditions, was mixed in soil (watermelon had been planted for two consecutive years). After the cultivation of watermelon for 50 d, a higher density of XG-1 (9.79 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/g) and one order of magnitude lower of Fon (1.29 × 103 copies/g) were detected in the rhizosphere soil compared with soils without bio-organic fertilizer (7.59 × 104 copies/g for Fon), leading to an 86.4% control efficiency of watermelon caused by Fusarium wilt. The application of bio-organic fertilizer enriched soil nutrients, including the organic matter (13.2%), total nitrogen (13.9%), total phosphorus (20.5%), and total potassium (3.77%), adjusted the soil pH from 6.69 to 7.01, and significantly improved the watermelon growth in terms of the seedling height, root length, fresh weight of seedling and root with increase of 78.8%, 72.2%, 84.6%, and 96.4%, respectively. This study regarded the watermelon continuous cropping soil as the research point, and focused on inhibiting Fon, regulating soil properties and enhancing watermelon growth to eliminate the continuous cropping barrier through a combination of compost and functional strains, demonstrating the potential application value in watermelon production.

Efficiency of liquid bio-organic fertilizer on potatoes

The effective methods of increasing the yield of potatoes in the application of liquid bioorganic fertilizer obtained after anaerobic processing of organic waste are considered. It is noted that the liquid bioorganic fertilizer does not have a negative impact when applied to the soil on the environment and to increase the content of heavy metals in the soil.

Interaction and Research of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Agricultural Soil Geological Improvement Preparation

Based on the characteristics of bio-organic fertilizer material composition, the paper carried out an experimental study on the improvement of poor soil geology. Through the study of the geological background, stratigraphic characteristics and Quaternary characteristics of poor soil, and through petrification analysis, it was found that quartz in soil geology accounts for a large proportion, high silicate content, severe weathering, and insufficient fertility. At the same time, this article discusses the mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer to improve soil geology, and clarifies that the addition of sludge increases the content of soil geological organic matter, which is beneficial to increase the soil geological aggregate structure and humic acid content, and promote the optimization of geological ecosystem.

DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHOSPHATE MOBILIZATION MICROORGANISMS IN COMPOSTS BASED ON SEWAGE SLUDGE IN ODESSA

To increase crop yields and soil fertility, organic fertilizers play an important role. This is because they not only enrich the soil with all the nutrients, but also improve its properties. The current state of use of organic fertilizers encourages the search for new types of local fertilizer resources. Phosphorus is directly involved in many processes of plant life, and ensuring a normal level of phosphorus nutrition — one of the main conditions for the formation of high crop yields. The soil microbiota is actively involved in the mobilization of sparingly soluble phosphates, which has a positive effect on plants, improving their phosphorus nutrition, growth, development and productivity. Therefore, phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms can become one of the components of bioorganic fertilizers. The dynamics of development of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms in the composting of sewage sludge (ERU) of biological treatment plants (SBU) — «Northern» and «Southern» Odessa with fillers (winter wheat straw and sunflower seed husk) to increase biofertilizers with water fertilizers. Research methods: microbiological, statistical. Analysis of the dynamics of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms during 3 months of research showed that at the beginning of composting there is a rapid development of microorganisms that dissolve organophosphates, and as the mineralization of organophosphates, the number of bacteria in this group decreases. After 60 days of composting, the development of bacteria is dissolved, which dissolve the mineral forms of phosphates. The gradual transformation of highly soluble phosphorus compounds into labile helps to reduce the number of microorganisms that dissolve both organic and mineral forms of phosphorus. The results of research indicate the possibility of obtaining bioorganic fertilizers with the participation of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms.

Effects of a novel bio-organic fertilizer on the composition of rhizobacterial communities and bacterial wilt outbreak in a continuously mono-cropped tomato field

Continuous cropping practice in tomato leads to an outbreak of the destructive soilborne disease bacterial wilt (BW). In this study, an integrated microbiome agent (IMA) was produced as organic fertilizer to improve successive crop soil and suppress tomato BW. Three treatments were established: IMA, organic fertilizer (OF), and control (CK, without the application of IMA or OF). Compared to CK and OF, the treatment of IMA significantly improved the growth of tomato plants and reduced the disease severity index (DSI) of tomato BW (P < 0.05, Tukey test). The contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and exchangeable calcium were significantly higher in the IMA treatment than in the CK treatment (P < 0.05, Tukey test). The Illumina sequencing-based community analysis revealed that IMA increased rhizobacterial richness and diversity. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were more abundant and Acidobacteria was less abundant in the IMA treatment than in the CK or OF treatments. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses showed that the application of IMA significantly enriched the rhizosphere soil with Terrabacter, Acidovorax, Truepera, Mycobacterium, and Oxalicibacterium (P < 0.05, Tukey test). The redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed a negative relationship between the tested soil properties and DSI. Moreover, the abundances of bacterial phyla, including Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, were negatively correlated with DSI, while others, including Planctomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria, were positively correlated with DSI. Overall, these results suggested that the application of IMA could effectively control tomato BW by improving soil physiochemical properties and affecting the composition of the rhizobacterial community.