Bingham Model Research Articles

Effect of Solid Volume Concentration on Rheological Properties of Chengdu Clay Slurry

The determination of rheological model about the debris flow is the basis of the simulation of mud flow impact distance and sedimentary fan. By using a mcr301 rheometer, rheological experiments of Chengdu clay slurry with different solid volume concentrations were carried out and the effect of solid volume concentration on shear stress were analyzed. Then the rheological process of Chengdu clay slurry with different solid volume concentration was fitted on the basis of the power law model, the Bingham model and the H–B model. The conclusions are drawn as follows: Chengdu clay mud is a typical shear-thinning non-Newtonian body. The influence of solid concentration on the flow curve is different. When the solid volume concentration is not less than 34% and the shear rate is less than 1.0 s−1, the shear stress increases rapidly as the shear rate increases. Meanwhile, when the shear rate is greater than 1.0 s−1 the shear stress decreases with the increase in the shear rate. When the solid volume concentration is less than 31.6% and the shear rate is less than 1.0 s−1, the shear stress increases with the increase in the shear rate, while when the shear rate is more than 1.0 s−1, the shear stress is less affected by shear rate. In the range of low shear rate (less than 1.0 s−1), the increase amplitude of shear stress (slope of semi logarithmic coordinate flow curve) increases as the solid volume content increases. The flow curve of Chengdu clay mud can be reflected in the whole process by using the Herschel and Bulkley model. It is the best mathematical model to fit the rheological process of Chengdu clay mud. According to the above results, the effect of solid volume concentration on the yield stress of the H–B model is analyzed.

Physical and mineralogical properties of calcined common clays as SCM and their impact on flow resistance and demand for superplasticizer

Physical properties of calcined clays differ significantly and depend to a large extent on the mineralogy of the raw clays. In this study, four common clays and one kaolinite-rich mine tailing are calcined at 800 °C. Their impact on flow properties of blended cement paste is measured via rotational viscometer and analyzed by (modified) Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley model, combined with the calculation of flow resistance. The demand for superplasticizers rises significantly due to the special characteristics of calcined clays, namely particle size, a high water demand and negative zeta potential. Muscovite present in raw clay is critical as it increases the water demand, yield stress and viscosity. In general, the addition of three industrial polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers (PCEs) reveals good dispersion. Calcined kaolinite-rich clays require more PCE compared to calcined clays rich in 2:1 phyllosilicates. The studied PCEs interact well with all types of metaphyllosilicates besides metamuscovite.

Rheological behaviour, mechanical performance, and anti-fungal activity of OPC-granite waste composite modified with zinc oxide dust

Sustainable disposal of granite waste (GW) and hazardous zinc oxide dust (ZOD) via the clean production of some cementitious pastes is the main target of this study. The rheological performance, setting times, physico-mechanical characteristics, morphological features, phase composition and antifungal activity, were investigated. Six composites have been prepared by blending OPC with different percentages of GW (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 wt%) in addition to the other two green composites containing OPC-25%GW-1%ZOD and OPC-25%GW-2%ZOD. The rheological parameters of the blended fresh pastes have been measured by the Bingham model; the data confirmed that increasing the content of GW as well as elevating temperature up to 45 °C caused a significant increase in viscosity and yield stress. The outcomes of setting times demonstrated that ZOD acted as a strong retarder for hydration reaction. From the economic and environmental point of view, the GW can be used up to 25 wt% cement replacement, as reasonable compressive strength was delivered, 67 MPa after 28-days of curing under tap water. Various hydration products were detected via XRD, TGA/DTGA, FTIR and SEM. According to ASTM D4300-1, OPC-25%GW modified by 2 wt% ZOD demonstrated highly efficient anti-fungal for different micro-organism strains such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus fumigatus.

Vibration control of primary and subharmonic simultaneous resonance of nonlinear system with fractional-order Bingham model

The passive vibration control of primary and subharmonic simultaneous resonance for the Duffing-type nonlinear system under the base excitation and external excitation by using magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper is studied, where the fractional-order derivative Bingham model of MR fluid damper is considered. The approximate analytical solution of the system is obtained by using the incremental averaging method. On the basis of obtaining the primary resonance of the system under base excitation by the averaging method, the subharmonic resonance solution of the system is obtained by taking the subharmonic resonance of the system under base excitation and external excitation as an increment, so as to obtain the approximate analytical solution of the simultaneous resonance of primary and subharmonic resonance. And the amplitude–frequency equation and phase–frequency equation of the steady-state solutions for the primary and subharmonic resonance of the system are derived respectively. According to the approximate analytical solutions, the stability conditions of the steady-state solution of the primary resonance and subharmonic simultaneous resonance are obtained by Lyapunov method. Compared with the numerical solution, the correctness and accuracy of the analytical solution of the primary resonance and subharmonic simultaneous resonance are demonstrated. The influence of system parameters on the resonant response of the system is analyzed in detail, with emphasis on the resonance bifurcation behavior of the system. The analysis results show that the damping passive vibration reduction control has obvious vibration suppression effect on the primary and subharmonic simultaneous resonance of the Duffing-type nonlinear system. Under certain conditions, there are 9 branches in the steady-state amplitude–frequency response of the primary and subharmonic simultaneous resonance of the Duffing-type system, of which 5 branches are stable solutions.

Sunflower Seed Cake and Larvae MassRheological Properties Analysis During Pressing WithVarying Temperature, Pressure and Oil Content

For the successful implementation of alternative protein sourcesforbiorefinery, optimization of the process parameters is crucial. Knowledge of the rheological propertiesis necessary for the design and development of appropriate equipment and process calculations.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the following pre-treatments: temperature, pressure andeffect of initial oil content on the rheological properties of sunflower seedcake and larvae tissue. The rheological behavior of two protein sourceswas determined by using a rotational viscometer with a hydraulic system and thermostatic bath attached to the equipment. Using the mathematical apparatus and experimental data it was observed that the plastic viscosity of the sunflower seed cake corresponded to the viscosity of the vegetable oil, which confirmed the Bingham rheology assumption put forward in this work. For the larvae mass, a Hershey Buckley fluid model was proposed.A positive linear relationship was found for pressure and a negativelinear relationship was found for the oil content of the sunflower seed cake and larvae tissue on shear stress.
 Keywords: rheological property, sunflower seed cake, larvae, pulsed electricaldischarge, viscoplasticity flow, Bingham model, modelling

Effect of Silica Fume on the Rheological Properties of Cement Paste with Ultra-Low Water Binder Ratio

The effect of silica fume on the rheological properties of a cement–silica fume–high range water reducer–water mixture with ultra-low water binder ratio (CSHWM) was studied. The results indicate that the W/B ratio and silica fume content have different effects on the rheological parameters, including the yield stress, plastic viscosity, and hysteresis loop area. The shear-thickening influence of CSHWM decreased with the increased silica fume content. When the silica fume content increased from 0% to 35%, the mixture with W/B ratio of 0.19 and 0.23 changed from a dilatant fluid to a Newtonian fluid, and then to a pseudoplastic fluid. When the silica fume content was less than 15%, the yield stress was close to 0. With the increase of silica fume content, the yield stress increased rapidly. The plastic viscosity and hysteresis loop area decreased slightly with the addition of a small amount of silica fume, but increased significantly with the continuous increase of silica fume. Compared with the Bingham and modified Bingham models, the Herschel–Buckley model is more applicable for this CSHWM.

Onset of Flow Reversal in a Vertical T‐channel: Bingham Fluids

AbstractThe commencement of the flow reversal phenomenon is investigated which occurs in the daughter branch of a vertical T‐channel for the flow of Bingham plastic fluids. The combined influences of the imposed forced flow and buoyancy‐driven flow are analyzed at low Reynolds numbers. The mixed convection flow of a Bingham model fluid is explored for a wide range of conditions in terms of Prandtl number, Richardson number, and Bingham number. The critical Richardson number is strongly influenced by the Prandtl number and the yield stress of the Bingham fluids. The dimensionless pressure is seen to decrease with the critical Richardson number. Also, the fractional flow passing through the main branch exhibits a strong direct dependence on the Richardson number while an opposite relationship with Bingham and Prandtl number is observed.

Rheological Behavior of High-Performance Shotcrete Mixtures Containing Colloidal Silica and Silica Fume Using the Bingham Model.

There have been numerous studies on shotcrete based on strength and durability. However, few studies have been conducted on rheological characteristics, which are very important parameters for evaluating the pumpability and shootability of shotcrete. In those studies, silica fume has been generally used as a mineral admixture to simultaneously enhance the strength, durability, pumpability, and shootability of shotcrete. Silica fume is well-known to significantly increase the viscosity of a mixture and to prevent material sliding at the receiving surface when used in shotcrete mixtures. However, the use of silica fume in shotcrete increases the possibility of plastic shrinkage cracking owing to its very high fineness, and further, silica fume increases the cost of manufacturing the shotcrete mixture because of its cost and handling. Colloidal silica is a new material in which nano-silica is dispersed in water, and it could solve the above-mentioned problems. The purpose of this research is to develop high-performance shotcrete with appropriate levels of strength and workability as well as use colloidal silica for normal structures without a tunnel structure. Thereafter, the workability of shotcrete with colloidal silica (2, 3, and 4%) was evaluated with a particle size of 10 nm and silica fume replacement (4 and 7%) of cement. In this study, an air-entraining agent for producing high-performance shotcrete was also used. The rheological properties of fresh shotcrete mixtures were estimated using an ICAR rheometer and the measured rheological parameters such as flow resistance and torque viscosity were correlated with the workability and shootability. More appropriate results will be focusing on the Bingham model properties such that the main focus here is to compare all data using the Bingham model and its performance. The pumpability, shootability, and build-up thickness characteristics were also evaluated for the performance of the shotcrete. This research mainly focuses on the Bingham model for absolute value because it creates an exact linear line in a graphical analysis, which provides more appropriate results for measuring the shotcrete performance rather than ICAR rheometer relative data.

Rate of penetration prediction while drilling vertical complex lithology using an ensemble learning model

The rate of penetration (ROP) accounts for a substantial portion of the overall drilling cost. The drilling optimization process, which mostly involves the adjustment of the mechanical drilling parameters, is therefore of prime importance in ensuring efficient drilling. However, drilling formations with assorted types of lithology necessitate the involvement of more parameters to reduce uncertainty and enhance confidence when predicting the ROP. The objective of this paper is to introduce an ensemble model based on random forest (RF), in which artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are the base learner models, to predict the ROP across different lithological formations In this study, two types of actual field data of Well-1 were employed to build the model: (i) mechanical drilling parameters collected from real-time sensors allocated at the rig site, and (ii) petrophysical properties obtained from conventional well logs. Well-2 with more than 2300 unseen data points was used to compare the capability of the base learners (i.e., ANN and ANFIS), standalone RF, and RF-meta model in predicting the ROP with two of the earliest published ROP empirical models (Maurer's and Bingham's models). The results showed that the RF-meta model outperformed the base learners and Maurer's and Bingham's empirical models in predicting the ROP in Well-2 with a low absolute average percentage error (AAPE) of 7.8 % and a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.94.

Influence of the flocculation effect on the rheological properties of cement slurry

The rheological properties have an important impact on the migration and diffusion of cement slurry in grouting reinforcement applications. The microscopic interaction between particles affects the macroscopic rheological behaviors of cement slurry. However, the detailed influence mechanisms still remain unclear. In this work, five different fineness cements were selected to investigate the rheological properties. The focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) system was used to detect the in-situ flocculation characteristics under different water-to-cement ratios, cement fineness, and shear rates. In addition, the initial and time-dependent rheological properties under various conditions were measured by a rotary viscometer. The results reveal that these three factors influence the number and particle size distribution of flocculent particles, and the degree of flocculation increases linearly with time. Cement slurry with a water-to-cement ratio ranging from 0.6:1 to 1.6:1 follows the Bingham model. The yield strength and plastic viscosity decrease with increasing water-to-cement ratio, and increase with increasing cement fineness. The apparent viscosity is reversible with the change of shear rate. The influence of water-to-cement ratio, cement fineness, and shear rate on the flocculation effect is consistent with the influence on rheological parameters. Three factors and time affect the rheological properties by influencing the formation and destruction of the flocculation structure, and then changing the content of free water and intergranular force in cement slurry. Our study has revealed the evolution of rheological properties from a microscopic point of view, which can provide theoretical guidance for the design and application of cement slurry.

Comparative evaluation of rheological models for 3D printable concrete

The study investigates different rheology models and examines the effect of dosage of different building materials in a 3D printable mix to achieve the desired rheology. The rheological properties of (i) Nano silica (NS), ii) Poly-vinyl Alcohol (PVA) fiber, and (iii) Class F - Fly ash are examined in the current study. The popular rheology models such as Bingham Model, Herschel-Bulkley model, and Power-law model are comparatively studied with the experimentally obtained rheological properties. Based on the study, it is found that the rheological parameters such as yield stress (Pa), Plastic viscosity (Pa.s), Power-law exponent, and consistency or flow co-efficient obtained from the aforementioned models are coherent with the experimental observations.

Effect of Sugar and Milk Powder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Texture of Chocolate.

In order to investigate how the addition of two common ingredients in chocolate, sugar and milk powder, affects the mechanical properties of solid chocolate, uniaxial compression tests and wedge fracture tests were carried out using four ratios of chocolate as the experimental material. Mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and fracture toughness were directly correlated with textural properties such as hardness, elasticity, and brittleness. The results show that adding sugar increases Young's modulus and fracture toughness of chocolate, while milk powder is the opposite. In equal amounts of both, sugar played a more substantial role. In combination with the properties exhibited by chocolate in the above tests, data from creep tests were collected to improve the classical Bingham model and develop a new constitutive model for predicting the mechanical behaviour of solid chocolate with different ratios of added sugar and milk powder. The new four-component constitutive model allows for a more accurate fit to the creep test data and this work provides some suggestions for making different tasting chocolates by adjusting the addition of ingredients.

Effects of particle size optimization of quartz sand on rheology and ductility of engineered cementitious composites

In this study, the effect of particle size of quartz sand on the fresh and hardened properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) was investigated. For this purpose, three ECC mixtures that are identical except for the gradation of quartz sands used in their composition were designed. One of the mixtures includes a combination of quartz sands with amounts determined by the Andreasen and Andersen particle size optimization model while the remaining two have a finer and a coarser gradation. In the fresh state, mini slump, mini V-funnel and bleeding tests were applied, and rheological parameters were determined according to Bingham and modified Bingham models by using a rotational viscometer. In the hardened state, flexural strengths, mid-span deflections and numbers of microcracks formed under flexural loading were determined at 7 and 28 days. It was observed that the particle size optimization of the quartz sand can provide a balance between flow and bleeding characteristics of ECC mixtures. Although a reduction in flexural strength occurred at both ages in the optimized ECC mixture, the deflection capacity and the crack formation capacity under loading were significantly increased, reaching a deflection value of over 10 mm with at least 11 cracks formed during the test. As a result, it was revealed that particle size optimization can yield a mixture with the highest ductility without compromising the workability of ECC.

Formulation of zwitter-ionic terpolymeric hydrogels and their comprehensive rheological investigation

With the rapid enhancement in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, medical applications, and water contamination, the demand of hydrogels with varying properties is increasing day by day. Hydrogels with keen properties like pH sensitive, thermosensitive, biocompatibility, visco-elasticity, mechanical rigidity, and resistive to exterior stress are of great interest. In order to attain such properties for above mentioned applications, a zwitter ionic hydrogel was synthesized having flexible nature, pH sensitive and is tested using rheometer. Rheological properties are elucidated using frequency sweep and flow curve analysis. The fluidity index lower than unity indicates the non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior. The lower value of shear thinning makes it a feasible candidate to be used in paints and cosmetics industries like nail polish, lotions etc. Values for consistency index increased with rising temperature and increasing amount of AMPS. The increase in consistency coefficient and yield stress with increasing temperature from 25 to 35 ̊C indicates the strengthing of hydrogels which will facilitates jellification of drug delivery system on skin. Modified Bingham model was found the best fit to our rheological data. The thermodynamic data obtained revealed higher activation energy for ZHG-02 with greater concentration of AMPS than ZHG-01 with lower amount of AMPS.

Effect of temperature on the rheology of concentrated suspensions containing lignocellulosic biomass particles

Apparent viscosities of Wiley milled white birch at various particulate sizes, suspension concentrations, and solvent and acid concentrations were measured as a function of temperature. Apparent viscosities decreased reversibly with increasing temperature below 150 °C in water in the absence of acid and/or solvent. At temperatures above 150 °C, or with added solvent or acid, the variation of the apparent viscosities with temperature became irreversible. The steady-state shear dependent behavior is well described by a Bingham model where the yield stress is a strong function of temperature and follows an Arrhenius-type behavior. The suspensions exhibited a negative plastic viscosity at low temperatures, but as the temperature increased, the plastic viscosity became less negative. This temperature dependent rheological behavior is qualitatively similar to that observed for concentrated fibrous suspensions of corn stover and synthetic fibers, indicating these changes are not unique to only birch suspensions and are associated with physical changes in the suspension properties with temperature. The irreversible viscosity changes with increase in temperature above 150 °C in water were anticipated due to partial hydrolysis of biomass in water. This was confirmed when biomass suspensions were sheared in a polar aprotic solvent (γ-valerolactone) and/or with the addition of sulfuric acid. Finally, the extent of irreversible change in the viscosities was correlated with the change in insoluble solids concentration for the various experiments under different conditions.

Nonlinear dynamics of magnetorheological whole-satellite with variable parameters under small amplitude and medium-high frequency vibration

Whole-satellite vibration isolation system with magneto-rheological (MR) damper is a new idea to solve the problem of small amplitude and medium-high frequency vibration. However, it also brings challenges to MR technology, wherein the super hysteresis and variable stiffness properties of MR damper are lack of research. Considering the particularity of MR damper under small amplitude and medium-high frequency conditions, the MR damper is identified by employing an improved Bingham model, then dynamic characteristics of the whole-satellite system are analyzed by nonlinear bifurcation theory, and then the nonlinear analysis method of MR whole-satellite system with variable parameters is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the nonlinear analysis method of MR whole-satellite system with variable parameters, the influence of bifurcation parameters on the system parameters is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, then time histories and phase diagrams of fixed-parameter and parameter-varying MR whole-satellite system are compared. The analysis suggests that the improved Bingham model adequately characterizes the strong nonlinear hysteretic and variable stiffness behavior of the MR damper. Moreover, the comparison results illustrate that the time histories and phase portraits of the parameter-varying system are in good agreement with those of different fixed-parameter system, and the parameter-varying system has good adaptability in the selected range of bifurcation parameters. This study provides a basis for the design of structural parameters and the optimization of control strategy for MR whole-satellite system.

Rheological, mechanical properties, and statistical significance analysis of shotcrete with various natural fibers and mixing ratios

The rheological properties of concrete with natural fibers is studied herein. Natural fibers improve the concrete performance, moreover it covers the similarity between natural fibers and cement matrix. Natural fibers may decrease the pumpability of shotcrete as they reduce workability, which is a critical factor for shotcrete application in construction. The rheological analysis was conducted on 28 specimens, both with and without natural fibers, considering three natural fibers—kenaf, flax, and jute—three fiber lengths—5 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm—and three mixing weights—0.5 kg, 1.0 kg, and 1.5 kg. The rheological properties of the specimens, such as flow resistance and torque viscosity, were measured using an ICAR rheometer, and correlated with pumpability and shootability. To adequately compare the recorded data, the rheological parameters were converted to Bingham model parameters. Furthermore, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and chloride penetration resistance of the specimens were determined to evaluate their durability. Slump and air content decreased based on the fiber weight and types compared with OPC. Moreover, rheological properties and mechanical properties of the fiber incorporated concrete are analyzed here. Finally, the statistical significance of the fibers was determined through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the results of the tests determined the optimal combination of fiber parameters that provides the best shotcrete performance.

Prediction and analysis of penetration rate in drilling operation using deterministic and metaheuristic optimization methods

AbstractThe rate of penetration (ROP) optimization is one of the most important factors in improving drilling efficiency, especially in the downturn time of oil prices. This process is crucial in the well planning and exploration phases, where the selection of the drilling bits and parameters has a significant impact on the total cost and time of the drilling operation. Thus, the optimization and best selection of the drilling parameters are critical. Optimization of ROP is difficult due to the complexity of the relationship between the drilling variables and the ROP. For this reason, the development of high-performance computer systems, predictive models, and algorithms will be the best solution. In this study, a new investigation approach for ROP optimization has been done regarding different ROP models (Maurer, Bingham, Bourgoyne and Young models), algorithms (Multiple regression, ant colony optimization (ACO), fminunc, fminsearch, fsolve, lsqcurvefit, lsqnonlin), and different objective functions. The well-known data from the Louisiana field in an offshore well have been used to compare the used parameter estimation approach with other techniques. Indeed, datasets from an onshore well in the Hassi Messaoud Algerian field are explored. The results confirmed the superiority and the effectiveness of B&Y models compared to Bingham and Maurer models. Fminsearch, lsqcurvefit, ACO, and Excel (GRG) algorithms give the best results in ROP prediction while the application of the MNLR approach. Using the mean squared error (MSE) and the determination coefficient (R$$^{2}$$2) as objective functions significantly increases the accuracy prediction where the results given are ($$R=0.9522$$R=0.9522,$$RMSE=2.85$$RMSE=2.85) and ($$R= 0.9811$$R=0.9811,$$RMSE=4.08$$RMSE=4.08) for Wells 1 and 2, respectively. This study validates the application of B&Y model in both onshore and offshore wells. The findings reveal to deal with data limitation problems in ROP prediction. Simple and effective optimization techniques that require less memory space and computational time have been provided.

Study of the rheology of lunar regolith simulant and water slurries for geopolymer applications on the Moon

To reduce transportation costs for building a lunar base station, it is important to utilise in-situ resources like lunar regolith. Lunar regolith can be used to create a concrete-like material by means of geopolymerization. For application of geopolymerizing mixtures, the rheology of the slurry must be known in advance. This article investigates the rheology of mixtures of lunar dust simulants with water, NaOH (as alkaline agent) and urea (as superplasticizer). The rheology of all the mixtures can be approximated with the Bingham Model. Aging has a dramatic effect on the rheology of the water + simulant mixture and, after 2 days, the yield stress decreases by six times. The presence of NaOH, on the contrary, increases both the apparent viscosity and the yield stress as it promotes geopolymerization. The addition of urea reduces the viscosity by 25%, but it has a limited effect on the yield stress. These findings can enable the design of construction 3D printers on the moon.

Study on the Influence of Temperature–Magnetic Field Coupling on the Mechanical Properties of Magnetorheological Fluids

The composition of a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) usually includes magnetic particles, a carrier fluid, and additives. Among them, the magnetic particles and carrier fluid are the main sources of the mechanical properties of the MRF. The changes of the related properties of the two will affect the mechanical properties of the MRF directly or indirectly. Herein, first, the temperature–magnetic field characteristics are analyzed during the MRF working process. Then, the influence mechanism of temperature and magnetic field changes on the properties of the magnetic particles and carrier liquid are analyzed. On this basis, the traditional Bingham model is improved and optimized, in which the temperature variable is introduced to represent the effect of temperature–magnetic field coupling on the shear stress of the MRF. Finally, parameter fitting and simulation are carried out for the optimized model, and the self‐made shear stress of the MRF measuring device with temperature‐control function is used to experimentally verify the accuracy of the optimized model. The comparison and verification of the results show that the optimized model can better represent the variation of shear stress of an MRF with temperature and magnetic field than the traditional Bingham model.