Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation Research Articles

Use of Matched Filter in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Techniques

Objectives: The protection of signal against jamming is accomplished using Spread Spectrum (SS) techniques. In this research paper, noise rejecting property of the matched filter and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation is used in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) system for secure communication. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Here, DSSS system has been developed and simulated using C-programming language on windows platform. In order to perform the simulation, different parameters are initialized and message bits are generated by random function. With the help of binary message signal and PN sequence, a SS signal is generated which is modulated using BPSK modulation technique at the transmitter side. In the channel, noise/jamming signal is added to the transmitted signal. Then the received signal is demodulated using coherent BPSK receiver (i.e., correlation receiver) and matched filtering is followed by despreading the demodulated signal at the receiver side. Finally, the received binary message bits are detected by threshold detector and various parameters such as input SNR, output SNR, probability of error are calculated. Findings: It has been found that matched filter is a linear filter which has a noise rejection property (means jamming signals can be treated just like other random noise) and hence provides signal security. This particular property of matched filter is used in DSSS communication. As far as matched filter is concerned, it cannot remove the total effect of interference but still the waveforms can be detected in the presence of noise/jamming signal. So, a matched filter receiver is supposed to be an ideal receiver for a signal which is corrupted by AWGN/jamming signal. Here, an average probability of symbol error decreases because it maximizes the output signal to noise ratio. These parameters are supposed to be the most important factors that determine the efficiency of performance of the system. Applications: DSSS systems using matched filter are strong contender for mobile and personnel communications, due to their very large user handling capacity. They also have better transmission quality and capability by incorporating wireless services such as data, short transaction messages, and multimedia etc.

The Feasibility of Mobile Physical-Layer Network Coding with BPSK Modulation

This paper considers applying physical-layer network coding (PNC) to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) to resolve the outstanding issue of short contact time between nodes due to their mobility. Ideally, PNC enables data exchange twice as fast as the traditional scheduling, and thus, it is a potential performance booster in MANETs. However, the application of PNC in MANETs is challenged by the carrier frequency offset (CFO) problem inherently caused by node-motion-induced Doppler shifts and asynchronous oscillators. CFO induces intercarrier interference (ICI) that degrades PNC performance. In this paper, we investigate the CFO/ICI impact on the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) and bit error rate (BER) in the signal detection of PNC in a two-way relay channel (TWRC) based on binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation. We find that PNC with power control suffers, at most, a 3 dB SINR penalty compared with generic point-to-point communications in both the flat-fading and the frequency-selective channels. We also find that a belief propagation (BP) algorithm could be employed in the signal detection of PNC to effectively tackle ICI and reduce its impact on the BER of PNC. For CFO compensation in PNC, we propose a method that amounts to positioning the relay's local oscillator frequency at the middle of the received frequencies from the two end nodes in the TWRC. Importantly, we show that 1) this compensation method can theoretically maximize the worst SINR in PNC and that 2) in the case of similar CFO of the two uplinks in TWRC, it allows PNC to achieve a BER at the relay close to that in the ideal case, i.e., in point-to-point communications without CFO. Overall, this paper demonstrates that mobile PNC is feasible in general, laying the foundation for future studies.

Low-voltage high-speed coupling modulation in silicon racetrack ring resonators.

We demonstrate a low-voltage high-speed modulator based on a silicon racetrack resonator with a tunable Mach-Zehnder interferometer coupler. Both static measurement and dynamic modulation experiment are carried out. The 3-dB electro-optic bandwidth is measured to be >30 GHz beyond the limit by the cavity photon lifetime. A 32 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK) modulation is realized under a peak-to-peak drive voltage as low as 0.4 V, and a 28 Gb/s binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK) modulation is realized with a drive voltage of 3 V. The low drive voltages results in low energy consumptions of ~13.3 fJ/bit and ~1.2 pJ/bit for OOK and BPSK modulations, respectively.

Performance Study of IEEE 802.15.4 under OPNET Modeler for Wireless Sensor Networks

The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol has recently been adopted as a communication standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) due to its low data rate, low power consumption and low cost of Wireless Personal Area Networks. This protocol is quite flexible for a wide range of applications if appropriate tuning of its parameters is carried out. Importantly, the protocol also provides real-time guarantees by using the Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) mechanism. Indeed, the GTS mechanism is quite attractive for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of BPSK (Binary phase shift keying) and QPSK (Quadrature phase shift keying) modulation techniques. Investigations have been reported to compare the performance of the two modulation schemes. Here modulation schemes have been identified which gives significant performance improvement over the other based on network output load, energy consumption and power reception at the WPAN devices. The results have been presented Pan_Coordinator, GTS and Non GTS End Device (CAP device) of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

Performance Study of IEEE 802.15.4 under OPNET Modeler for Wireless Sensor Networks

The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol has recently been adopted as a communication standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) due to its low data rate, low power consumption and low cost of Wireless Personal Area Networks. This protocol is quite flexible for a wide range of applications if appropriate tuning of its parameters is carried out. Importantly, the protocol also provides real-time guarantees by using the Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) mechanism. Indeed, the GTS mechanism is quite attractive for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of BPSK (Binary phase shift keying) and QPSK (Quadrature phase shift keying) modulation techniques. Investigations have been reported to compare the performance of the two modulation schemes. Here modulation schemes have been identified which gives significant performance improvement over the other based on network output load, energy consumption and power reception at the WPAN devices. The results have been presented Pan_Coordinator, GTS and Non GTS End Device (CAP device) of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

High-Speed BPSK Modulation in Silicon

Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulator is the basic component for generating advanced modulation formats such as polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying. In this letter, we demonstrate BPSK modulation using a silicon traveling-wave modulator at data rate up to 48 Gb/s, with 7.4-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> differential RF driving voltage and record 8.75-pJ/b dynamic energy efficiency. The performance of the silicon BPSK modulator is compared with a commercial lithium niobate phase modulator, showing better dispersion tolerance.

Super-resolution technique for CW lidar using Fourier transform reordering and Richardson-Lucy deconvolution.

An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision altimetry with repeating intensity modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms using binary phase shift keying (BPSK), where the range profile is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return signal collected by the lidar receiver. This method uses reordering of the array elements in the frequency domain to convert a repeating synthetic pulse signal to single highly interpolated pulse. This is then enhanced further using Richardson-Lucy deconvolution to greatly enhance the resolution of the pulse. We show the sampling resolution and pulse width can be enhanced by about two orders of magnitude using the signal processing algorithms presented, thus breaking the fundamental resolution limit for BPSK modulation of a particular bandwidth and bit rate. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique for determining cloud and tree canopy thicknesses far beyond this fundamental limit in a lidar not designed for this purpose.

A very low complexity IR‐UWB transmitter with BPSK modulation for balanced antenna

A very low complexity impulse radio‐ultrawideband (IR‐UWB) transmitter suitable for balanced antenna is presented. This all‐digital transmitter employs the binary phase‐shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme and eliminates the need for a balun. Also, a new Gaussian monocycle pulse generator is proposed which is used as impulse transmitted signal. The transmitter circuit was designed in 0.18‐μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. The post‐simulation results show that the core chip size was only 0.02 mm2. The output amplitude pulse yielded 150 mV peak‐to‐peak under a supply voltage of 1.8 V. Simulation results show that the transmitter consumes 8.5 pJ/pulse for 200‐MHz pulse repeating frequency. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

A Frequency-Division MIMO FMCW Radar System Based on Delta–Sigma Modulated Transmitters

In this paper, we present a hardware-efficient method, which allows to implement multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars with a separation of the transmit (TX) signals in the frequency domain. The proposed architecture uses binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulators within the TX paths of a multi-channel frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. These BPSK modulators are driven by 1-bit sequences, which are generated using ΔΣ-modulators to shift the quantization noise towards high frequencies. Thus, neither multi-bit digital-to-analog converters, nor vector modulators or phase shifters are required for the proposed approach. Since the FMCW principle relies on the evaluation of beat frequencies within a narrow frequency band, the shaped quantization noise is outside the frequencies of interest and can thus be filtered out. The chosen hardware setup is optimized for integration into monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), which is demonstrated by a prototype system based on 77-GHz chips. Several MMICs are combined to realize a radar frontend with six TX and eight receive channels resulting in 48 MIMO channels. A signal-processing approach is derived and a method to reduce ambiguities is presented. Measurements demonstrate a range resolution of 15 cm and a 3-dB beamwidth of 3 ° with position standard deviations better than 1 mm. Furthermore, a measurement example with a target placed outside the unambiguous range of the radar shows an 8-dB power reduction of the unwanted signal from the target at the ambiguous distance. This improvement is achieved by choosing nonidentical frequency spacings for the TX signals.

Binary phase shift keying on orthogonal carriers for multi-channel CO2 absorption measurements in the presence of thin clouds.

A new modulation technique for Continuous Wave (CW) Lidar is presented based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) using orthogonal carriers closely spaced in frequency, modulated by Maximum Length (ML) sequences, which have a theoretical autocorrelation function with no sidelobes. This makes it possible to conduct multi-channel atmospheric differential absorption measurements in the presence of thin clouds without the need for further processing to remove errors caused by sidelobe interference while sharing the same modulation bandwidth. Flight tests were performed and data were collected using both BPSK and linear swept frequency modulation. This research shows there is minimal or no sidelobe interference in the presence of thin clouds for BPSK compared to linear swept frequency with significant sidelobe levels. Comparisons between of CO(2) optical depth Signal to Noise (SNR) between the BPSK and linear swept frequency cases indicate a 21% drop in SNR for BPSK experimentally using the instrument under consideration.

A 10-Gb/s Silicon Microring Resonator-Based BPSK Link

We design and demonstrate for the first time an end- to-end binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) link based on silicon microring resonators, with an operational bit-rate at 10 Gb/s. The obtained bit-error-rate is below the forward error correction limit, validating the practical application of the demonstrated technique. Performance comparisons to conventional BPSK modulation and demodulation techniques are also made. The microring-based BPSK link promises a compact, energy efficient, and low-cost interconnect solution for high-capacity transceivers.

Average BER of subcarrier intensity modulated free space optical systems over the exponentiated Weibull fading channels.

The average bit error rate (BER) for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in free-space optical (FSO) links over turbulence atmosphere modeled by the exponentiated Weibull (EW) distribution is investigated in detail. The effects of aperture averaging on the average BERs for BPSK modulation under weak-to-strong turbulence conditions are studied. The average BERs of EW distribution are compared with Lognormal (LN) and Gamma-Gamma (GG) distributions in weak and strong turbulence atmosphere, respectively. The outage probability is also obtained for different turbulence strengths and receiver aperture sizes. The analytical results deduced by the generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule are verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. This work is helpful for the design of receivers for FSO communication systems.

Binary phase-shift keying by coupling modulation of microrings.

We propose a coupling-modulated microring in an add-drop configuration for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), where data is encoded as 0 and π radian phase-shifts on the optical carrier. The device uses the π radian phase-flip across the zero coupling point in a 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer coupler to produce the modulation. The coupling-modulated microring combines the drive power reduction of resonant modulators with the digital phase response of Mach-Zehnder BPSK modulators. A proof-of-concept device was demonstrated in silicon-on-insulator, showing differential binary phase-shift keying operation at 5 and 10 Gb/s.

Design and Implementation of Bpsk Modulator and Demodulator Using Vhdl

This paper give the brief description of digital communication system.Digital communication is more reliable, secure and efficient than that of analog communication.In Digital communication,BPSK is most important and efficient technique in terms of signal power. In this paper BPSK modulator and demodulator are purely design by using hardware description language (VHDL) and implementing it on Spartan 3E FPGA kit. I. Introduction In the last years, a major transition from analog to digital modulation techniques has occurred and it can be seen in all areas of wireless communication, satellite and cellular systems. A digital communication system is more reliable than an analog. The aim of the paper is to create a BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulator and demodulator using Xilinx ISE 12.3 software. BPSK consist of modulator a channel and demodulator. The modulated signal was achieved in the first Spartan 3E board, passed through a channel and transmitted to the second board, which behaves as a demodulator.

QPSK-to-2×BPSK wavelength and modulation format conversion through phase-sensitive four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear optical fiber

A phase-sensitive four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme enabling the simultaneous conversion of the two orthogonal quadratures of an optical signal to different wavelengths is demonstrated for the first time under dynamic operation using a highly nonlinear optical fiber (HNLF) as the nonlinear medium. The scheme is first optimized with respect to the power levels and phases of the four phase-coherent pumps. The successful modulation and wavelength conversion of the two complex quadratures of a quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal to two binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signals is then demonstrated experimentally with no power penalty at a bit-error-ratio (BER) of 10(-9) compared to direct interferometric demodulation of the QPSK signal.

오류 마루 현상이 완화된 비이진 LDPC 부호의 설계 및 성능 분석 연구

본 논문은 오류 마루 영역에서 우수한 성능을 가지는 비이진 LDPC (low-density parity-check) 부호의 설계 방법을 제안하고 성능을 검증한다. 제안된 설계 방법은 비이진 LDPC 부호의 이진 최소 거리(binary minimum distance)를 최대화하도록 패리티 검사 행렬의 비이진 원소 값들을 결정한다. BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) 변조 방식 하에서 제안된 방법으로 설계된 비이진 LDPC 부호가 오류 마루(error floor) 영역에서 우수한 성능을 가지는 것을 Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션과 중요도 표본 추출(importance sampling) 기법을 사용하여 검증한다. In this paper we propose a design algorithm for nonbinary LDPC (low-density parity-check) codes with low error-floors. The proposed algorithm determines the nonbinary values of the nonzero entries in the parity-check matrix in order to maximize the binary minimum distance of the designed nonbinary LDPC codes. We verify the performance of the designed nonbinary LDPC codes in the error-floor region by Monte Carlo simulation and importance sampling over BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) modulation.

Error performance analysis of decode‐and‐forward and amplify‐and‐forward multi‐way relay networks with binary phase shift keying modulation

In this study, we analyse the error performance of decode and forward (DF) and amplify and forward (AF) multi-way relay networks (MWRNs). The authors consider a MWRN with pair-wise data exchange protocol using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. The authors quantify the possible error events in an L-user DF or AF MWRN and derive accurate asymptotic bounds on the probability for the general case that a user incorrectly decodes the messages of exactly k (k ∈ [1, L − 1]) users. They show that at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the higher order error events (k ≥ 3) are less probable in AF MWRN, but all error events are equally probable in a DF MWRN. They derive the average BER of a user in a DF or AF MWRN in both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels under high SNR conditions. Simulation results validate the correctness of the derived expressions. The authors results show that at medium to high SNR, DF MWRN provides better error performance than AF MWRN in AWGN channels even with a large number of users (e.g. L = 100). Whereas, AF MWRN outperforms DF MWRN in Rayleigh fading channels even for much smaller number of users (e.g. L > 10).

Low-voltage, high speed, compact silicon modulator for BPSK modulation

A low voltage, high speed, compact silicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) modulator for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation has been demonstrated. High modulation efficiency, VπLπ equals to 0.45V·cm, was obtained in a 1mm length device owing to a higher doping concentration and low-loss traveling-wave electrode. 25 Gb/s non-return-to-zero(NRZ)-BPSK with 6Vpp RF driving signal was achieved. Driven by a very low 3Vpp RF signal, the 10 Gb/s NRZ-BPSK was also realized benefiting from the high modulation efficiency and the low-voltage driving scheme. The power consumption for the BPSK modulation was as low as 0.118 W. These results prove that the silicon modulator is suitable for advanced communication system with low power consumption.

English

Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift Keying (QPSK)modulation techniques are often proposed for satellite communications and band-limited communication channels; however, both modulations are important in high speed data communications. High speed data communications are implemented on high speed hardware in wireless systems. The paper presents the design of a QPSK and BPSK digital communication modulators and their implementations on high speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) using Quartus II. Also, for these modulation schemes, resource utilization was introduced. Both modulations were designed in Quartus II using VHDL hardware description language. It was shown that transmission of QPSK modulator is fast than transmission of BPSK modulator at the same bit error performance. According to BPSK, QPSK modulator uses more memory. But other resources equal to for these modulation. Principles of the BPSK modulation and QPSK modulation are illustrated using schematic diagrams. The analysis of theoretical aspects of the BPSK and QPSK modulations are represented. Both modulations waveforms are illustrated using a simulation program. Implementations of the BPSK and QPSK systems on FPGA are shown using algorithms of modulator. Key words: Binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift Keying (QPSK), field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

Design of Modified Minsum Decoder of LDPC Code in the Simplified Difference-Domain

In this paper, we propose the modified minsum decoding algorithm of LDPC(Low-Density Parity-Check) code in the simplified difference-domain on the basis of detailed analysis of LDPC decoding algorithm in difference-domain. The simulation indicates that the proposed decoding algorithm offers almost no performance degradation compared with the BP(Belief Propagation) decoding algorithm in log-domain and the decoding algorithm in difference-domain and offers better performance than minsum decoding algorithm in log-domain and greatly reduces the computation complexity in AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel and under BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulation.