Bicyclic System Research Articles

Anthelmintic and anti-filarial coumarins of natural and synthetic origin: Chemical and biological intervention

Coumarin is a bicyclic system with a lactone-(hetero)aryl motif and a critical structural unit of many natural and synthetic pharmaceutical compounds. The coumarins possess a broad spectrum of biological activities and have successful clinical applications. Several coumarin-based natural compounds like osthol, isopimpinellin, umbelliferon, scopoletin, scopoline, cleomiscosin A to D, and inophyllum E have been isolated with anthelmintic and antifilarial activities. The ability of coumarin to interact with various active sites through noncovalent interactions like van der Waals forces, metal coordination, electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction, as well as hydrogen bonding, have led to the synthesis of different coumarins with significant anthelmintic and anti-filarial activities. The SAR studies of parasitic coumarins revealed that a hydroxy group at C-4 and C-7 positions has a deciding role in the anthelmintic and anti-filarial activity. The careful structure–activity studies could be effectively employed in the structural optimization of the bicyclic coumarin ring, allowing it to have many derivatives that could be screened for helminthiases. We hope this review will provide a structure-based input to researchers to design and develop novel coumarin hybrids to treat helminthiasis and filariasis.

Biological evaluation of benzothiazoles obtained by microwave-green synthesis.

Benzothiazole compounds are known as an important bicyclic ring system with multiple applications. These compounds have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In this study, benzothiazole compounds were synthesized and their various biological activities were examined. The synthesized benzothiazoles were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against various bacterial and fungal strains. The compound 6e is most active ligand in the series against bacteria and fungi as compared to standard antibiotics. Especially, this compound significant effect against Staphylococcus aureus (32.00 ± 1.73 mm). These compounds exhibited potent anticancer activity against gastrointestinal cancer cells, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents. The lowest antiproliferative response after administration of the compounds was observed in HCT116 cells, while the most effective antiproliferative response was observed in AGS cells (> 10 µg/mL). In all cell lines, 40 and 100 µg/mL application values of the selected compounds showed significant increases in the expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9. We also utilized a computational docking approach to investigate the interaction of these benzothiazoles with VEGFR-2 kinase. Our docking studies showed that compounds 6a and 6d may be promising therapeutic agents against gastrointestinal system cancers due to their ability to bind to VEGFR-2 kinase.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BICYCLE USING SOLAR PANELS

In the current context, the integration of a Solar Hybrid Bicycle system offers a promising solution to the pressing issues of fuel consumption and pollution. It's undeniable that the carbon dioxide emissions from vehicle exhausts contribute significantly to the escalating global warming crisis. With fuel prices on the rise in India and worldwide, the urgent need to explore alternatives to preserve natural resources becomes paramount.Encouraging the adoption of hybrid vehicles can effectively mitigate CO2 emissions and lower fuel expenses. Hence, the emergence of solar bicycles as electric vehicles presents a viable alternative by harnessing solar energy to charge batteries, thus powering the motor. Given India's abundant sunshine for approximately nine months a year, the concept of solar bicycles holds immense practicality in the region.To address this need, we've developed a Hybrid bicycle that integrates both solar energy and pedal-generated power through a dynamo to charge the battery and propel the bicycle. The system features an efficient solar/electric power generation unit mounted on the rear of the bicycle, capturing sunlight to charge the battery consistently. During periods of limited sunlight, the bicycle seamlessly transitions to battery power.To regulate motor speed, an accelerator is incorporated, providing precise control over power delivery. This innovative approach not only reduces operational costs but also enhances overall efficiency. Capable of reaching speeds of 25km/hr while accommodating an average-weight rider, the Solar Hybrid Bicycle emerges as a cost-effective alternative to conventional automobiles, underscoring the necessity for its widespread production and adoption

C(sp3)-H cyclizations of 2-(2-vinyl)phenoxy-tert-anilines.

1,5-hydride transfer-triggered cyclization reactions offering a robust method for C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling and the synthesis of e.g. tetrahydroquinolines have been thoroughly investigated in the literature. Catalysts allowing milder reaction conditions or the development of enantioselective processes were important recent contributions to the field, as well as the studies on subtrates with oxygen or sulfur heteroatoms (besides the originally described nitrogen heterocycles). In a series of studies, we focused on expanded, higher order H-transfers/cyclizations by positioning the interacting substituents on distanced rings. Cyclizations of appropriately functionalized biaryl and fused bicyclic systems led to 7-9 membered rings. In the frame of this research, we set out to study the feasibility of the cyclization and the factors affecting it by in silico methods. The conclusions drawn from computational studies were complemented by cyclization screens on 2-(2-vinyl)phenoxy-tert-anilines and their CH2-expanded analogues, the results of which are presented here. Besides isolating the expected oxazonine products in several cases, we also observed a unique dimer formation, leading to an interesting 5-6-5 ring system.

Stereoselective Alder-Ene Reactions of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes: Facile Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Aryl-Substituted Cyclobutenes.

Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), strained carbocycles comprising two fused cyclopropane rings, have become well-established building blocks in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology due to their diverse reactivity profile with radicals, nucleophiles, cations, and carbenes. The constraints of the bicyclic ring system confer high p-character on the interbridgehead C-C bond, leading to this broad reaction profile; however, the use of BCBs in pericyclic processes has to date been largely overlooked in favor of such stepwise, non-concerted additions. Here, we describe the use of BCBs as substrates for ene-like reactions with strained alkenes and alkynes, which give rise to cyclobutenes decorated with highly substituted cyclopropanes and arenes. The former products are obtained from highly stereoselective reactions with cyclopropenes, generated in situ from vinyl diazoacetates under blue light irradiation (440 nm). Cyclobutenes featuring a quaternary aryl-bearing carbon atom are prepared from equivalent reactions with arynes, which proceed in high yields under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies highlight the importance of electronic effects in this chemistry, while computational investigations support a concerted pathway and rationalize the excellent stereoselectivity of reactions with cyclopropenes.

Alternations of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community dynamics on shared bicycles before and after pandemic lockdown

The prevalence of shared bicycles has raised concerns over their potential to transmit pathogens and microbes harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which pose significant human health risks. This study investigated the impact of anthropogenic activities on the composition of ARGs and microbial communities on shared bicycles during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown when shared bicycle usage was altered. A total of 600 swab samples from shared bicycle surfaces were collected in Shanghai before and during COVID-19 lockdown periods. Even during lockdown, 12 out of 14 initially detected ARG subtypes persisted, indicating their tenacity in the face of reduced anthropogenic activities. These ARGs displayed significantly higher absolute and relative abundance levels before the lockdown. In addition, the percentage of potential pathogens in the total microbial abundance remained at 0.029 % during the lockdown, which was lower than the pre-lockdown percentage of 0.035 % and suggested that these risks persist within shared bicycle systems. Interestingly, although microbial abundance decreased without the consecutive use of shared bicycles during lockdown, the microbial diversity increased under the impact of restricted anthropogenic activities (p < 0.001). This emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and research to comprehend microbial community behaviors in various environments. This study uncovered the underlying impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on the microbial and ARG communities of shared bicycles, providing comprehensive insights into the health management of shared transportation. Although lockdown can decrease the abundance of ARGs and potential pathogens, additional interventions are needed to prevent their continued spread.

Bicycle Sharing Demand Analysis and Operation Community Division based on Riding Spatial-Temporal Data -Taking Beijing as an Example

Under the background of vigorously building sustainable cities, shared bicycles have developed rapidly, and some operation and management problems have gradually become prominent. In recent years, the research based on spatial-temporal big data of shared bicycles mostly focuses on the analysis of hotspots in time and space, and the current management of shared bicycle is mostly divided into operating communities by administrative divisions. The construction of bicycle operation management is not carried out in combination with the characteristics of spatial-temporal data and actual needs. Based on the shared bicycle order data in Beijing, this paper analyzes the basic spatial and temporal characteristics of shared bicycles, and uses geographically weighted regression model to analyze the impact of various types of built environments on the demand distribution for shared bicycles. Finally using Fast Unfolding algorithm to identify communities with close demand for shared bicycles. The study finds that the overall utilization rate of bicycle resources is currently low, and various types of POIs have different ranges and degrees of impact on parking demand, as well as the division of bicycle communities does not fully coincide with administrative divisions. This study helps to understand the overall demand and impact characteristics of shared bicycles, provides a basis for the development of differentiated strategies for the delivery, management, and scheduling of shared bicycles, and helps urban managers to optimize the design of the shared bicycle system.

Demand Prediction of Shared Bicycles Based on Graph Convolutional Network-Gated Recurrent Unit-Attention Mechanism

Shared bicycles provide a green, environmentally friendly, and healthy mode of transportation that effectively addresses the “final mile” problem in urban travel. However, the uneven distribution of bicycles and the imbalance of user demand can significantly impact user experience and bicycle usage efficiency, which makes it necessary to predict bicycle demand. In this paper, we propose a novel shared-bicycle demand prediction method based on station clustering. First, to address the challenge of capturing patterns in station-level bicycle demand, which exhibits significant fluctuations, we employ a clustering method that combines graph information from the bicycle transfer graph and potential energy. This method aggregates closely related stations into corresponding prediction regions. Second, we use the GCN-CRU-AM (Graph Convolutional Network-Gated Recurrent Unit-Attention Mechanism) model to predict bicycle demand in each region. This model extracts the spatial information and correlation between regions, integrates time feature data and local weather data, and assigns weights to the input features. Finally, experimental results based on the data from Citi Bike System in New York City demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a more accurate demand prediction.

Factors influencing bikeshare service and usage in a rural college town: A case study of Montgomery County, VA

While much of the bikeshare boom has centered around larger cities, smaller, lower-density, and even some rural communities have also implemented bikeshare systems successfully. Using a bikeshare dataset of more than 14,000 trips that cover the period from July 2018 to December 2021 for both pedal and e-bikes, this paper describes the structure and performance of ROAM NRV, a bikeshare system in Montgomery County, Virginia—which is home to Virginia Tech university and has many areas classified as rural. The paper presents bikeshare users’ travel behaviors and usage trends (including during the COVID-19 pandemic). Moreover, compares the usage of the system’s pedal bicycles to electric bicycles (e-bikes) that were introduced in 2021. Findings indicated that residents of Blacksburg and Christiansburg regularly use and benefit from bikeshare much like their urban counterparts do. Ridership was noted to likely be more common among university affiliates with trips more likely to start/end on or around campus due to the number of stations located within campus grounds. Trail usage was also high among bikeshare users due to the extensive trail network within and between the towns. As rural bikeshare users tend to travel greater distances and encounter more varying terrains throughout their commutes, considering e-bikes instead of pedal bike systems should increase the utilization of such mobility systems in rural areas. When electric assist bicycles were first introduced to the system, initially replacing some and then all former pedal bicycles, utilization increased significantly compared to pedal bike usage.

Research on Hybrid Scheduling of Shared Bikes Based on MLP-GA Method

Bike-sharing systems with convenience and flexibility have been appearing more and more in cities and become a necessary tool of travel for people. However, the distribution of bikes is highly unbalanced due to the changes in user demand, which leads to the unfavorable situation of “no bikes available” or “too many bikes” at some bike stations. For this reason, this paper proposes a hybrid scheduling method, which combines truck-based scheduling (TBS) and user-based scheduling (UBS). Firstly, a hybrid scheduling model (HBS) combining TBS and UBS is established. Secondly, a method combining multilayer perceptron and genetic algorithm (MLP-GA) is proposed to solve the model. Thirdly, the HBS model is simulated and analyzed by the example. The results show that the MLP-GA method converges, has a faster running time than the genetic algorithm and can obtain solutions with lower total cost and shorter optimal truck path. Further analysis shows that HBS is more implementable in practice and can shorten the optimal truck path and reduce the scheduling total cost while allowing users to use the shared bike in an affordable way, thus realizing the efficient operation of the shared bike system. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the reward coefficients is performed. This shows that as the reward coefficient increases, the cost of HBS generally shows an increasing trend when the reward coefficient is small, reaches a maximum value when the reward coefficient is 0.6, and decreases slightly thereafter.

Unveiling the roles of public bike systems: From leisure to multimodal transportation

As bike-sharing systems gain popularity, understanding their roles in urban transportation, such as the first/last mile problem and the replacement of public transit, is crucial to comprehensively promote urban transport systems. Due to the Internet of Things (IoT) technique, copious data from public bike trips worldwide are available to urban researchers. In this study, we examine how public bikes function not just as a means of transportation, but also for leisure. The leisure function was ignored in previous empirical studies using data mining techniques, an oversight that could skew results in places like Seoul where leisure trips constitute a significant portion of the trips. We investigate when, where, and to what degree bike-sharing serves as a leisure tool and substitutes for, integrates with, or complements the public transit system. We propose an integrated data-mining approach to identify the above four categories of public bike trips. Our method combines multiple sources of real-world data, the distributed density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), and spatial feature engineering. The results reveal that the distribution of each category shows substantial spatial–temporal heterogeneity. Longitudinal analysis reveals that the use of public bicycles as a transportation mode primarily contributes to the growth observed from 2018 to 2021, compared to use for leisure. The determining factors and non-linear functions of each type of bike trip were interpreted by explainable machine learning methods, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), and partial dependence plot (PDP). We discovered that lower slopes, higher residential densities, and more commercial neighborhoods consistently attract users across all categories. Additionally, rivers and green areas attract more leisure trips, while areas with denser transit routes see more substitution trips and fewer complementary trips. By understanding the characteristics, spatial–temporal distribution, and determining factors of public bike trips across these four categories, city planners and operators can tailor services to meet the diverse needs of citizens, fostering a more convenient, sustainable, and accessible urban transport system.

Analyzing the Spatial Interaction Characteristics of Urban Area Shared Bicycle Systems: A Case Study of Beijing’s Central Area

Shared bicycle systems play a crucial role in promoting sustainable urban transportation, addressing challenges such as traffic congestion and air pollution. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of shared bike usage is essential for optimizing bike-sharing infrastructure and improving transportation planning. In this study, we analyzed 2.4 million records of shared bicycle data to explore the spatial distribution, interaction patterns, and flow dynamics within Beijing’s urban central area. We found that bike distribution peaks during commuting hours, particularly in central regions with employment centers. Complex networks are an important method for studying travel flows. Through a spatial interaction network, we identified key streets with high node strength and popularity, often concentrated in central areas. They experience heavy shared bicycle use during peak hours due to their employment-centric location. Conversely, peripheral areas see increased usage in the evenings, reflecting distinct commuting patterns. The morning exhibits higher positive central values compared to the evening, while negative values show the opposite trend. Based on these findings, we recommend enhancing bike infrastructure in high-density areas with bike lanes and ample shared bikes during peak hours. Implementing mixed-use zoning policies in the central region can reduce traffic congestion. Expanding shared bike services to peripheral regions can promote equitable access. This research underscores the importance of considering spatial and temporal factors in urban transportation planning. Future work should incorporate additional data sources, explore environmental impacts, and analyze usage in different seasons and special events, further contributing to sustainable urban mobility development.

Reversible Boron‐Insertion into Aromatic C−C Bonds

AbstractFormation of borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives was achieved via boron‐insertion into aromatic C−C bonds in the photo‐promoted skeletal rearrangement reaction of triarylboranes bearing an ortho‐phosphino substituent (ambiphilic phosphine‐boranes). The borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives were fully characterized by NMR and X‐ray analyses. The dearomatized products were demonstrated to undergo the reverse reaction in the dark at room temperature, realizing photochemical and thermal interconversion between triarylboranes and boron‐doped bicyclic systems. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that sequential two electrocyclic reactions involving E/Z‐isomerization of an alkene moiety proceed via a highly strained trans‐borepin intermediate.

Reversible Boron-Insertion into Aromatic C-C Bonds.

Formation of borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives was achieved via boron-insertion into aromatic C-C bonds in the photo-promoted skeletal rearrangement reaction of triarylboranes bearing an ortho-phosphino substituent (ambiphilic phosphine-boranes). The borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives were fully characterized by NMR and X-ray analyses. The dearomatized products were demonstrated to undergo the reverse reaction in the dark at room temperature, realizing photochemical and thermal interconversion between triarylboranes and boron-doped bicyclic systems. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that sequential two electrocyclic reactions involving E/Z-isomerization of an alkene moiety proceed via a highly strained trans-borepin intermediate.

Synthesis of 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidines from 4-hydrazinopyrimidines and investigation of their structure and some chemical properties

By reacting 2-benzyl-4-hydrazinopyrimidines with ethoxymethylidene derivatives of β-dicarbonyl compounds, the corresponding substituted 4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidines were synthesized. In a number of examples, intermediates - products of condensation of the reagents in ethanol, were isolated, indicating that the initial attack on the nitrogen atom of the hydrazine fragment involves the ethoxymethylidene group. It was noted that subsequent cyclization of the intermediates in acetic acid leads to 4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidines. Alkylation of the synthesized non-fused bicyclic systems was carried out and it was proved that the nitrogen atom N-1 of the pyrimidine ring undergoes alkylation. A complex of 2-benzyl-4-(5′-methyl-4′-ethoxycarbonylpyrazol-1′-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine with copper (II) chloride was synthesized. X-ray diffraction analysis proved that, in contrast to the metal complexes of similar pyrazolylpyrimidines, in this case, a single-dentate complex with a linear structure of the composition ligand:metal, 2/1, is formed, and the nitrogen atom N-1 of the pyrimidine ring participates in the formation of a bond with the metal atom, as well as during alkylation. It was found that H/D exchange occurs in pyrazolylpyrimidine molecules in a solution of CD3ONa in CD3OD. Using the methods of 1H NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry, it was proved that the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl groups of the studied systems undergo isotope exchange. The kinetics of H/D exchange was studied using some examples. It has been shown that the presence of an allyl group in the pyrimidine ring significantly affects the direction and rate of the H/D exchange. The structure of all synthesized substances was confirmed by NMR methods (1H, 13C, NOESY), high-resolution mass spectrometry and in some examples X-ray diffraction analysis was also performed.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Extra Journey Time of Public Bicycles

Many countries worldwide are introducing public bicycle systems to reduce urban traffic and environmental problems. However, studies on the usage behavior of public bicycles have not considered the trip purpose of riders extensively due to data limitations. Therefore, this study defined the “extra journey time” from usage time and origin–destination (OD) expected time and clustered public bicycle usage behaviors. Subsequently, the effects of the location characteristics of the departure and arrival stations, road environmental factors, and weather conditions for each cluster were analyzed. Three clusters were obtained from the results. Riders in Cluster 1 were inferred to have used the bicycles to commute and for work purposes, and riders in Clusters 2 and 3 used the bicycles for leisure purposes. Moreover, the bike station location characteristics, road environmental factors, and weather conditions influenced the probability of classification into one cluster. In particular, bike lanes near the departure and arrival stations increased the probability of classification under Clusters 2 and 3. The trip patterns according to the extra journey time of public bicycles were classified under these clusters. Furthermore, the differences in the characteristics of the bicycle usage types were identified according to the location and meteorological factors affecting them.

E-CARGO BICYCLE

The previous year's research offered a model for forecasting parcel demand and simulating parcel delivery tours utilizing cargo bicycles. This year, the concept has been upgraded to include new components that improve the efficiency and sustainability of the cargo bicycle system.One of the newly additional components is the battery, which powers the cargo bicycle's engine. This allows the cyclist to go longer distances and carry larger weights while exerting less physical effort. The motor is controlled by a throttle, which allows the rider to modify the pace of the cargo bicycle as needed.Another new addition is the solar power tracker, which uses the power of the sun to replenish the battery when the cargo bicycle is parked or in use. This eliminates the need for external charging sources while also promoting sustainability through the use of renewable energy sources.The revised research highlights the benefits of employing cargo bicycles in urban delivery systems by modeling alternative shares of cargo bicycles and motorized vans, as well as changing micro depot densities and parcel demand intensities. According to the study, the newly added components improve the cargo bicycle system's efficiency and sustainability, making it a viable alternative to motorized delivery trucks in metropolitan settings.Overall, the new project is useful for urban planners and politicians interested in supporting sustainable mobility options. It demonstrates the use of cargo bicycles, particularly when integrated with cutting- edge technologies such as batteries, motors, throttles, and solar power trackers.

Pogocablanols A–G, a new class of sesquiterpenoids with an unprecedented bicyclic sesquiterpenoid skeleton from Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) and their activities

Pogocablanols A–G (1–7), seven new compounds with an unprecedented sesquiterpenoid skeleton, were isolated from the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin. This novel type of sesquiterpenoids, named pogocablane-type sesquiterpenoids, possesses a bicyclic nonisoprenoid system, including a five-membered carbocycle with a methyl group, a six-membered carbocycle with two methyl groups, and a methylene connecting the two carbocycles. Particularly, three isomers have an interesting 1-oxaspiro[4,4]nonane moiety. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined using extensive spectroscopic evidence, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Pogocablanols A–D (1–4) exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on rat jejunum smooth muscle contraction induced by acetylcholine, with Emax values varying from 48.87 ± 4.01% to 69.02 ± 7.54%. Preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis suggested that the oxaspirocycle and the pyran ring in pogocablanols are important structural features for the relaxing effects on jejunum smooth muscle. This study offered crucial support for more investigation and development of P. cablin by showing that these pogocablane-type sesquiterpenoids had the potential to be applied in pharmaceutical and functional food formulations.

Monoterpenoids from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus and their inhibitory effects on neutrophil elastase, 5-lipoxygenase, andcyclooxygenase-2 in vitro

Twenty-four monoterpenoids, including three previously undescribed compounds (1–3), were isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith (Acanthopanacis Cortex). Their structures were unambiguously established based on spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESIMS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR), and the absolute configurations of 1–3 were elucidated by comparing their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. In addition, the structure of 8 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory activities of 1–24 against neutrophil elastase, 5-lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were studied in vitro for the first time, and the results showed that compound 24 possessed a significant inhibitory effect on COX-2 with an IC50 value of 1.53 ± 0.10 μΜ. This research first reported the presence of monoterpenoids in Acanthopanacis Cortex, including one monoterpenoid 2 with an unusual 4/5 bicyclic lactone system, and compounds 4 and 5 have never been reported in nature.

How do walking environments along the connecting path affect the disparity in public bicycle usage among multiple docking stations around tube stations?

The integration of public bicycles with tube systems has the potential to enhance urban transportation sustainability and efficiency. However, the utilization of public bicycles can significantly differ among various docking stations, even when they fall within the coverage area of the same tube station. Understanding the factors that attract or discourage individuals from using public bicycles in different locations is essential for informed decision-making regarding infrastructure and policy enhancements. This study examines the disparity in public bicycle usage, with a specific focus on the micro-level walking environments along connecting paths between docking stations and tube stations. Transaction data collected from London public bicycle and tube systems are utilized, alongside micro-level walking environment and macro-level built environment and socio-economic factors. A generalized additive mixed model is employed to capture nonlinear effects and spatial autocorrelations in docking station usage.The results reveal significant effects of walking environments along connecting paths on docking station usage. Specifically, positive associations are observed between bicycle station usage and footpaths quality, presence of pedestrian crossing, and points of interests (e.g., green space) along the connecting path, as well as tube ridership, cycle facilities, and land-use mixture. Conversely, negative relationships are observed with walking distance, physical barriers, road crossed, and bus stops. Moreover, proximity to transit, distance to the city center, and deprivation level demonstrate threshold effects on bicycle station usage. This study provides several practical implications for improving the multi-mode transportation system and the planning of docking stations around tube station, aiming to create cycling-friendly and transit-oriented environments.