Bicycle Accidents Research Articles

Recent Progress and Challenge in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Separators

AbstractThe separators used in lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries play a crucial role in their cycling performance and safety. Current commercial separators lack the ability to efficiently regulate polysulfide shuttling and are prone to thermal runaway at high temperatures. Recent studies have shown that multifunctional separators can boost the electrochemical performance and safety of Li–S batteries. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for modifying separators due to their large specific surface areas and highly ordered tunable nanopores. Herein, this review focuses on the advancements in developing MOFs, their derivatives, and MOFs‐based composites as separator coatings to address the shortcomings of Li–S batteries. The mechanisms behind these modified separators, designed to inhibit lithium polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite growth, are discussed, emphasizing the relationship between the structure and electrochemical performance. The impact of these modified separator coatings on battery safety is also explored, aiming to design suitable composite films for high‐safety Li–S batteries. Furthermore, future perspectives are outlined to guide practical applications and overcome the remaining challenges associated with MOFs‐modified separators.

User acceptance of smart e-bikes: What are the influential factors? A cross-country comparison of five European countries

Electric bicycles (e-bikes) have been promoted in many countries to replace motorised transport modes and mitigate transport externalities such as traffic congestion and emissions. However, there are also concerns about crash risks and crash severity for e-bike users. Leveraging new technologies could help improve e-bike safety, amongst other safety enhancing measures, but there is little knowledge of the users’ acceptance of such technologies. This study aims to explore the user acceptance of e-bikes (pedelec with power assistance up to 25 km/h or speed-pedelec with assistance up to 45 km/h) with active road safety assistance (in short: Smart e-bikes) to improve cycling safety by adopting the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2). A cross-country survey was administered in five European countries-Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, and the Netherlands, each differing in population, cycling culture and e-bike market sizes. A sample of 1,589 respondents, including e-bike owners and people interested in buying an e-bike, was analysed using a structural equation model (SEM). Conclusions indicate that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and perceived safety were the strongest constructs of behavioural intention to use Smart e-bikes in the aggregated sample. All constructs vary significantly across the five countries, which can partly be explained by socio-demographic factors. Geographical factors such as city size, low availability of cycle paths and population density do not explain differences in user acceptance.

A temporal statistical assessment of the effectiveness of bicyclist safety helmets in mitigating injury severities in vehicle/bicyclist crashes

This study estimates mixed logit models taking into account heterogeneity in means and partially constrained parameters in order to explore possible shifts within parameters over time to study factors influencing bicyclist injury severity outcomes. Separate statistical models are estimated for two bicyclist helmet-wearing scenarios (helmet and non-helmet) using a comprehensive dataset from Florida covering a three-year period to assess COVID-19 effects from the 1st of January 2019 to the 31st of December 2021. This research evaluates several factors influencing helmeted and non-helmeted bicyclist injury severity, encompassing the attributes of drivers and cyclists, the environment and weather, the features of the roads and their temporal aspects, and the different types of vehicles. The performed analysis further enhances model robustness by assessing the temporal stability and transferability across different contexts through likelihood ratio tests, alongside an in-depth examination of the temporal consistency of explanatory variables via marginal effects analysis, confirming significant variations between non-helmeted and helmeted bicyclist models and revealing temporal shifts in factors affecting injury severity during the study period. Findings from the model estimations identify several significant variables with consistent parameter estimates across years. Stop signs, cycling with traffic, and dark, unlit conditions increase severe injury risk in non-helmet models, while the stop sign indicator consistently reduces severe injury risk in helmet models. Statistically significant random parameters are identified across different years and helmet-wearing scenarios, including the male driver indicator, which exhibits varying effects on injury severity. Out-of-sample prediction analysis suggests helmets reduce severe injury probability but may increase minor injuries and decrease no-injury accidents, indicating potential risk compensation behavior among helmeted bicyclists. Although helmets offer protection against severe injuries for bicyclists, it is crucial to adopt a comprehensive safety approach, particularly given the evolving demographics of bicyclists amid the COVID-19 outbreak. This entails considering factors like bicyclist and driver behavior, environmental conditions, and infrastructure enhancements. Policymakers, road safety professionals, and advocacy groups should collaborate to develop holistic strategies to address the determinants of bicycle crash severity outcomes and enhance safety measures for bicyclists across diverse road environments.

Stable interphase inducer based on montmorillonite clay mineral to enhance stability and fire safety for lithium metal batteries

Heat buildup from factors like mechanical, electrical, or thermal stress is the main safety issue in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Even without such stressors, however, LMBs may remain fire-prone because of the development of unstable electrode–electrolyte interphase on charge–discharge, potentially leading to internal short circuits. In this study, a stable cathode-electrolyte interphase inducer (SCEI-I) is proposed to tackle both the cycling stability issue and safety concerns. SCEI-I is synthesized by incorporating montmorillonite, a clay mineral, and methylphosphonic acid dimethyl ester, a flame-retardant material, onto a porous polyethylene film. On cycling, SCEI-I can induce a thin (<8 nm), uniform and robust cathode-electrolyte interphase layer, contributing to a steady and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%–99.8% with decreased impedance. SCE-I improves electrochemical performance by reducing the capacity degradation from ∼21.9% to ∼8.9% after 100 cycles. SCE-I also demonstrates strong thermal stability as the endothermic energy of SCEI-I is only –32.4 J/g (24 °C–280 °C), which is less than one-third of that of polypropylene separator (–118.9 J/g). Furthermore, when exposed to fire, the SCEI-I membrane instantly extinguished flames by disrupting combustion chain reaction. The present study proposes an interfacial engineering approach to improve the stability and safety of LMBs.

Long-life potassium metal batteries enabled by anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase using concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes

Potassium metal batteries (PMBs) show great potential as next-generation energy storage systems yet face challenges such as the dendritic growth of the potassium anode, leading to issues with cycle life and safety. This study reports a potassium salt-concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte (PCIL) consisting of potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) and 1-methyl-1-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Pyr13FSI) to achieve long-life and, safe PMBs. PCIL presents several advantages including outstanding oxidation stability (≈5.2 V), decent ionic conductivity (4.0 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), and negligible flammability. Moreover, PCIL promotes the development of anion-derived solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high inorganic content. This not only hinders the growth of potassium dendrites but also facilitates facile interfacial charge transfer kinetics. Benefiting from these advantages, PMBs (K||KVPO4F) employing PCIL exhibit remarkable cycle performances at both ambient and elevated temperatures (capacity retention after 300 cycles: 74.8% at 25 °C and 82.9% at 45 °C), surpassing the performance of conventional carbonate (1 M KPF6 EC/PC) and dilute potassium ionic liquid electrolyte (PIL). This work demonstrates the tangible capability of PCIL in realizing practical PMBs.

Analysis of factors influencing the degree of accidental injury of bicycle riders considering data heterogeneity and imbalance.

Bicycle safety has emerged as a pressing concern within the vulnerable transportation community. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the significant factors that contribute to the severity of cyclist injuries, yet the findings have been subject to uncertainty due to unobserved heterogeneity and class imbalance. This research aims to address these issues by developing a model to examine the impact of key factors on cyclist injury severity, accounting for data heterogeneity and imbalance. To incorporate unobserved heterogeneity, a total of 3,895 bicycle accidents were categorized into three homogeneous sub-accident clusters using Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCA). Additionally, five over-sampling techniques were employed to mitigate the effects of data imbalance in each accident cluster category. Subsequently, Bayesian Network (BN) structure learning algorithms were utilized to construct 32 BN models after pairing the accident data from the four accident cluster types before and after sampling. The optimal BN models for each accident cluster type provided insights into the key factors associated with cyclist injury severity. The results indicate that the key factors influencing serious cyclist injuries vary heterogeneously across different accident clusters. Female cyclists, adverse weather conditions such as rain and snow, and off-peak periods were identified as key factors in several subclasses of accident clusters. Conversely, factors such as the week of the accident, characteristics of the trafficway, the season, drivers failing to yield to the right-of-way, distracted cyclists, and years of driving experience were found to be key factors in only one subcluster of accident clusters. Additionally, factors such as the time of the crash, gender of the cyclist, and weather conditions exhibit varying levels of heterogeneity across different accident clusters, and in some cases, exhibit opposing effects.

Advancing Cycling Safety: On-Bike Alert System Utilizing Multi-Layer Radar Point Cloud Clustering for Coarse Object Classification.

Cyclists are considered to be vulnerable road users (VRUs) and need protection from potential collisions with cars and other vehicles induced by unsafe driving, dangerous road conditions, or weak cycling infrastructure. Integrating mmWave radars into cycling safety measures presents an efficient solution to this problem given their compact size, low power consumption, and low cost compared to other sensors. This paper introduces an mmWave radar-based bike safety system designed to offer real-time alerts to cyclists. The system consists of a low-power radar sensor affixed to the bicycle, connected to a micro-controller, and delivering a preliminary classification of detected obstacles. An efficient two-level clustering based on the accumulation of radar point clouds from multiple frames with a temporal projection from previous frames into the current frame is proposed. The clustering is followed by a coarse classification algorithm in which we use relevant features extracted from the resulting clusters. An annotated RadBike dataset composed of radar point cloud data synchronized with RGB camera images is developed to evaluate our system. The two-level clustering outperforms the DBSCAN algorithm, achieving a v-measure score of 0.91, compared to 0.88 with classical DBSCAN. Different classifiers, including decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVMs), and AdaBoost, have been assessed, with an overall accuracy of 87% for the three main object classes: four-wheeled, two-wheeled, and others. The system has the ability to improve rider safety on the road and substantially reduce the frequency of incidents involving cyclists.

Studying the Use of Virtual Reality Learning Environments to Engage School Children in Safe Cycling Education

Background The promotion of cycling for children is beneficial from a health and environmental perspective, however road safety and awareness amongst this age group remain a considerable issue. As children are developing their cognitive and physical abilities, they are considered a high-risk group for injuries and fatalities on the roads. Virtual learning environments have demonstrated promising ways to engage children in learning about road risks and teach children about safe cycling. Intervention A web-based Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and Virtual Reality (VR) environment was designed to offer a platform for schoolchildren to learn about safe cycling and to develop skills for them to better detect hazards in traffic. Both learning environments were used by 455 school children and 20 class teachers. Methods Fun toolkit methods, specifically designed for child participants were used to assess the design of the technology, and for teachers a qualitative survey to provide evidence around the use of both learning environments. Results Results suggest both learning environments were appealing for lower school grade participants. For grades five and six a need to review the relevance and user design of the learning content was evident. The VR environment was highly attractive across all school grades, suggesting that VR could be a feasible way to teach road safety and safe cycling for school children. Discussion Although VLE and VR environment were attractive and fun to use, some users of VR experienced motion sickness. This would need to be considered and further examined before engaging a young learner in a VR learning environment. Several considerations are provided for teachers, practitioners, researchers, and designers seeking means to promote safe cycling for children.

Do Bicycle Helmets Protect Against Facial Fractures? An Observational Study From a Level 1 Trauma Centre.

This study investigates the impact of helmet use on the incidence of facial fractures in bicycle accidents. Analyzing data from hospitalized bicyclists between 2005 and 2016, the research focused on the correlation between helmet usage and various facial fractures. The study included 1256 bicyclists with known helmet use, among whom 277 individuals (22%) were identified with a total of 521 facial fractures. The findings revealed a significant reduction in the likelihood of facial fractures among helmeted cyclists compared with those without helmets (odds ratio, 0.65; confidence interval, 0.50-0.85; P=0.002). Specifically, the odds of sustaining fractures in the zygoma, orbit, nose, and maxilla were decreased by 47%, 46%, 43%, and 33%, respectively, among helmeted cyclists. However, helmet use did not significantly alter the odds of mandible fractures. Overall, the use of helmets in bicycling significantly lowered the risk of midface fractures but showed no notable effect on mandible fractures in severe cycling incidents.

Lithium-Ion Conductive Coatings for Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Nickel (Ni)-rich cathodes are among the most promising cathode materials of lithium batteries, ascribed to their high-power density, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness, having extensive applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles and national grids. They can boost the wide implementation of renewable energies and thereby contribute to carbon neutrality and achieving sustainable prosperity in the modern society. Nevertheless, these cathodes suffer from significant technical challenges, leading to poor cycling performance and safety risks. The underlying mechanisms are residual lithium compounds, uncontrolled lithium/nickel cation mixing, severe interface reactions, irreversible phase transition, anisotropic internal stress, and microcracking. Notably, they have become more serious with increasing Ni content and have been impeding the widespread commercial applications of Ni-rich cathodes. Various strategies have been developed to tackle these issues, such as elemental doping, adding electrolyte additives, and surface coating. Surface coating has been a facile and effective route and has been investigated widely among them. Of numerous surface coating materials, have recently emerged as highly attractive options due to their high lithium-ion conductivity. In this review, a thorough and comprehensive review of lithium-ion conductive coatings (LCCs) are made, aimed at probing their underlying mechanisms for improved cell performance and stimulating new research efforts.

A retrospective study of mandibular fractures in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi.

Objective: To check the prevalence and causes of mandibular Fracture in the teaching hospital of Karachi Pakistan. Study Design: Crossectional, Observational, Retrprospective. Setting: Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, Karachi Medical and Dental College Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Baqai Dental College University, Karachi. Period: 1st December 2018 to 30th November 2019. Methods: This study was based on randomly selected cases of one year of work at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Baqai Dental College Baqai Medical University Karachi. Results: Road traffic accident like Bike accidents were top in position with 69 %, falls were next in position with 12 %, assault were recorded 10%, sports injuries were 7% and fire arm injuries2%. Mandibular fractures were found to occur at a rate of 22.1% in the parasymphysis, 12.8% in the body, 11.42% at the angle of the jaw, 12.1% in the condyle, 12.14% in the dento alveolar area, 6.4% in the symphysis, and 2.85 % in the ramus. Conclusion: To properly reduce and fix the fractures, a variety of treatment methods were employed. It has been determined that most patients were masculine and between the ages of 20 and 50. The most frequent locations for mandibular fractures were the parasymphysis and body, and the most common cause of trauma in the study participants was auto accidents.

AI-Powered Technology to Keep Cyclists Safe

Cycling is ubiquitous as a means of transportation and a common hobby to get active outdoors. However, the recent uprise in cycling accidents has led cyclists to feel unsafe on the roads. Copilot by Velo.ai is an AI-based bicycle technology that addresses this problem by collecting spatial and audio-visual data and using AI, preventing accidents before they occur by predicting oncoming vehicles or pedestrians. Copilot is novel in adapting sensory, photography, and AI technology from autonomous vehicles to the cycling industry. Although Copilot is cutting-edge and ground-breaking for cycling safety, it is not accessible to everyone. Barriers to Copilot include disability, unemployment/job security, and employment/working conditions. These social determinants of health (SDoH) interact with each other, as well as intersectional factors, to influence individual access to Copilot, which notably differs depending on the status of one’s country of residence (i.e., developed versus developing). Recent peer-reviewed research confirms the efficacy of the technology used in Copilot and Copilot itself to prevent cycling accidents resulting in injury/death. As technology evolves and machine learning is used to address current limitations, the future of Copilot is promising.

Riding smooth: A cost-benefit assessment of surface quality on Copenhagen’s bicycle network

A growing body of research acknowledges the substantial societal benefits of improved bicycle infrastructure, with recent studies highlighting the significant impact of road surface quality on comfort, safety, and accessibility of cycling. In this paper, we present a cost-benefit assessment of improved surface quality for the City of Copenhagen. The study focuses solely on improved accessibility through higher travel speed, where two large-scale crowdsourced bicycle trajectory datasets from Copenhagen are used, along with link-specific data for the network. It is found that travel time savings that result from investments in better surface, render a benefit-cost ratio of 2 to 4 and correspond to an absolute yearly recurrent welfare gain of around 20 mill. DKK for Copenhagen. Hence, from a societal welfare perspective, careful monitoring and maintenance of surface quality is indeed a good investment. It is also demonstrated that such monitoring can be achieved in a cost-effective manner by equipping cyclists who travel in a specific area with affordable accelerometer sensors.

Insight of transport properties of glassy solid electrolytes for energy storage applications

The goal of developing battery systems has attracted researchers' attention for about 30 years, almost since the development of primary electrochemical systems with a lithium anode. To realize the benefits of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and lithium metal anode batteries, several important issues need to be addressed. The use of liquid non-aqueous electrolytes based on aprotic solvents in lithium battery systems certainly offers advantages over traditional battery systems. However, due to the relatively low evaporation temperatures and high flammability of solvents, liquid electrolytes significantly limit the operating range of battery systems in the high-temperature range. Special measures are required to ensure the safe operation of a lithium-ion battery system. The use of inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) is one of the most promising directions for improving lithium-ion and solid-state battery systems. The use of SEs will enable the safe cycling of battery systems with both lithium electrodes and intercalation anodes, significantly extend the temperature range of battery operation towards high temperatures and enable the creation of battery systems of new sizes and designs. The development of new solid oxide salt materials and technologies to produce battery systems with electrolytes based on them is an urgent task to solve the above problems.

Comparison of human injury differences in vehicle-riding/pushing bicycle accidents

To support regulations related to cyclists dismounting and pushing across motor vehicle lanes, this study first extracted posture parameters for riding/pushing through physical experiments, then simplified the posture parameters and extracted typical postures with distinguishability. Finally, simulated experiments were designed to compare the differences in human injury between riding and pushing in collision accidents. The physical experiment found that the bicycle controller’s (individuals who ride or push bicycles) forward leaning angle of the back (referred to as the ‘back angle’) when riding can be estimated by the ratio of saddle height to bicycle handlebar height, but the back angle when pushing is not affected by other parameters. Eight typical postures containing only lower limb posture parameters were then identified, and statistical analysis showed significant differences in over 80% of parameters among the postures. Through simulated experiments, the rider’s tolerable saddle height was identified. Even at this saddle height, the injury in riding state was still significantly higher than that in the pushing state, indicating that pushing the bicycle across the motor vehicle lane can reduce the injury to the bicycle controller. The research results not only support relevant regulations, but also provide typical postures for the bicycle controller in vehicle-bicycle collision experiments in the future, and have certain theoretical and practical value.

Abstract PO3-02-12: Dalpiciclib combination with letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy for HR-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: a single-arm, prospective exploratory clinical study

Abstract Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors effectively block tumor cells from progressing from the G1 phase to the S phase, thereby interrupting the cell cycle progression and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. Dalpiciclib is a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor developed independently in China, which has been approved for use in combination with fulvestrant for the treatment of HR-positive/HER2-negative recurrent or metastatic breast cancer in patients who have experienced disease progression after prior endocrine therapy, or in combination with aromatase inhibitors as initial treatment for HR-positive/HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of dalpiciclib in combination with letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy for HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Methods: This is a single-arm, open-label study that enrolled female breast cancer patients with early or locally advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative tumors and an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1. After enrollment, patients first received 4 cycles of dalpiciclib (150mg po qd, d1-21, q4w) in combination with letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy. Breast MRI was performed every 2 cycles, and treatment response was evaluated according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria. If patients achieved a confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after 4 cycles, they would continue to receive an additional 4 cycles of dalpiciclib in combination with letrozole treatment. If the treatment response was stable disease (SD) or disease progression (PD), the investigator might modify other treatment regimens based on the individual circumstances of the subjects. The primary endpoint was residual cancer burden (RCB 0/I), and the secondary study endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), complete cell cycle arrest (CCCA, C1D15 Ki67≤2.7%) rate and safety. This study is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Centre (registration No. ChiCTR2200057104). Results: From April 2022 to June 2023, a total of 38 patients were screened and enrolled in the study. All patients had ER ≥ 50%, and 84% (32/38) had Ki67 ≥ 88%. Among the 21 patients who completed the assessment after 4 cycles, the overall response rate (ORR) was 81% (17/21). Additionally, among the 22 patients who underwent C1D15 biopsy and Ki67 analysis, 55% (12/22) had C1D15 Ki67 ≤ 2.7%. After completing 8 cycles of neoadjuvant treatment with the combination of dalpiciclib and letrozole,12 patients underwent surgery. The postoperative RCB scores were as follows: 1 patient had RCB (0-I), and 11 patients had RCB (II-III). The most common adverse event was decreased neutrophil count (25/38 [66%]). Among the 38 patients, 16 (42%) experienced grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events. There were no occurrences of grade 4 or worse adverse events. Conclusions: The combination of dalpiciclib and letrozole has shown efficacy in downstaging and shrinking tumors in patients with early or locally advanced HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. Patients who exhibit a positive response in the assessment after 4 cycles may consider it as a viable option for chemo-free neoadjuvant treatment. Citation Format: Jingruo Li, Yuanting Gu, Chuang Du, Jianhua Zhang, Yingying Zhang, Linfeng Zhang, Nan Wang, Lin Li, Fang Wang, Pengwei Lv, Hong Zong, Xinhong Pei, Bingjian Xue, Yan Wang, Dongcheng Gao. Dalpiciclib combination with letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy for HR-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: a single-arm, prospective exploratory clinical study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-02-12.

Supporting tourism through the promotion of cycling: GIS model applied in the metropolitan area of Cagliari (Italy)

In Italy, where bicycle culture is struggling to catch on, the Extraordinary Plan for Tourism Mobility 2017–22 aims to increase the accessibility of tourist sites through safe and pleasant cycling routes, interconnected with other modes of transport. These same objectives have been pursued by Sardinia, one of the Italian regions more attractive to tourists, through the design of a regional cycle network and a long-distance tourist cycling routes (Ciclovia della Sardegna).The current study focuses on tourism mobility in the metropolitan city of Cagliari, the largest urban area in Sardinia, and aims to explore how much the existing and planned cycling routes constitute an alternative mobility solution for tourists who intend to reach the beaches. In particular, the study aims to evaluate the level of accessibility offered by bicycling to the beaches, which are among the most visited and attractive places for tourists, before and after the implementation of a regional bike tourism network system. A GIS-based procedure was employed and the method comprised of three main steps: (1) data collection and preparation, (2) GIS analysis, and (3) assessment of results. We performed two main types of analysis using GIS. First, we delineated service areas around each beach for various distances. Then, we overlaid and analyzed these areas in conjunction with the accommodation facilities. Second, we measured the accessibility of beaches using a gravity-based accessibility index.Our results demonstrate that, following the implementation of the regional cycle network Sardinia, various zones in the metropolitan area of Cagliari significantly increased their level of accessibility to the beaches, while others did not. Importantly, the adopted methodology has proven to be a valid tool for assessing cycling accessibility for different infrastructure scenarios.

Spinal Cord Injuries Secondary to Mountain Biking Accidents — A Cause for National Alarm

Spinal Cord Injuries Secondary to Mountain Biking Accidents — A Cause for National Alarm

Advancements in Bicycle Safety: Integrating Control Sensors and Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Airbag Innovation

Abstract: Motorcycle safety is a critical concern in traffic systems worldwide. This paper introduces a novel approach to enhancing rider safety through the integration of airless tires and advanced airbag systems, underpinned by artificial intelligence (AI) and control sensors. Airless tires contribute to vehicle stability by eliminating the risk of sudden deflation, while AI-driven airbag systems promise dynamic protection for riders during collisions. The study begins with an analysis of airless tire technology, emphasizing its impact on motorcycle stability and safety. It then transitions to the development of motorcyclespecific airbag systems, which utilize AI to process sensor data and make real-time decisions regarding airbag deployment. The effectiveness of these systems is validated through crash simulation tests and impact force measurements, demonstrating a substantial reduction in injury severity. Challenges such as cost, user acceptance, and technical constraints are thoroughly examined. The paper concludes with a discussion on future trends, including the potential for AI to predict and prevent accidents before they occur, thereby setting a new standard for motorcycle safety.

A dual-network structured poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) nanofiber separator with Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 for dendrite-free and high-safety lithium-metal batteries

Separator plays an important role in improving the long-term cycle stability and safety performance of high-energy–density lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a robust thermotolerant separator is prepared by one-step electrospinning technique, combing fluorinated poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) nanofibers with Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO), a fast ionic conductor. The synergistically incorporated poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and LLZTO trigger off the formation of a fancy dual-network structure with high porosity and well-distributed nanopores, in which ultrafine secondary nanonets are tightly bound with three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold. LLZTO can not only provide sufficient Li+ migration channels, but also immobilize free anions to strengthen ionic transmission. Moreover, this nanofiber separator possesses high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability and desirable electrolyte affinity. It can gel liquid electrolyte well, leading to high tLi+, homogenized Li+ flux and uniform Li deposition. Consequently, LMBs with this dual-network structured nanofiber separator deliver satisfactory cycle stability and high C-rate capability. This contribution provides new insights into the design and development of high-quality nanofiber separators for dendrite-free and high-safety LMBs.