Big Fish Research Articles

Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect on Gifted Students’ Academic Self-Concepts: What If the Big Fish has Adaptable Academic Self-Concepts?

According to the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), equally able students would have lower academic self-concepts in high-ability settings than those who attend low- or mixed-ability settings. This study was an investigation of the BFLPE on math and science academic self-concepts of gifted students. Participants included 50 fifth- and sixth-grade gifted students who participated in an after-school program for gifted students (EPTS) at a university campus for five terms. Students’ academic self-concepts were measured using the Math and Science Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire both in the EPTS setting and in the school setting in three measurement points. Findings showed that gifted students’ academic self-concepts declined significantly from time 1 measurement to time 3 measurement. However, the level of their academic self-concepts was still high in the EPTS and very high in school. The main effect of setting showed that the overall academic self-concept in school ( M = 34,24; SD = 2,26) was significantly higher than the mean of academic self-concepts in the EPTS ( M = 31,49; SD = 3,87). They used the EPTS and school as two different frames of reference and thus held adaptable academic self-concepts, relatively low in the EPTS and relatively high in school.

Investigating the Association between the Big Fish Little Pond Effect and Grading on a Curve: A Large-Scale Quasi-Experimental Study

Equally able students have a lower academic self-concept in high-achieving classrooms, the big fish little pond effect (BFLPE). Grading on a curve—providing the best grades to the best students in the class and the worst grades to the worst students—has been speculated to contribute to the BFLPE. However, empirical evidence for this assumption is not conclusive as it stems from correlational studies. We tested the association between the BFLPE and grading on a curve with a natural experiment from the 1970s in which Swedish municipalities were free to abolish grading (N = 9,104). The BFLPE did not differ between nongraded and graded students. Our results suggest that students engage in social comparisons independent of whether or not they are graded.

Big Fish in Thin Markets: Competing with the Middlemen to Increase Market Access in the Amazon

Big Fish in Thin Markets: Competing with the Middlemen to Increase Market Access in the Amazon

The confirmed occurrence of two specimens of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758) from Mersin Bay (NE Mediterranean, Turkey)

Remoras attach to sharks, big fish, and sea turtles and continue their lives with these creatures. Kapızlı and Tekeli beaches are located near Göksu Delta and Anamur nesting areas of Caretta caretta. In this study, two Remora individuals were caught with a fishing rod in July, when the ovulation was most intense. The smaller remora individual (33 cm) was caught from the coast of Tekeli with the chicken breast at a depth of 2.5 m, and the larger one (66 cm) with bread at a depth of 1.5 m from Kapızlı beach on 24.07.2020. The two Remora individuals caught were probably attached to the sea turtles. However, probably due to sea turtles going to the beach to lay eggs, Remoras started to free-swimming, and they were caught with the fishing line since they could not be fed. The present study reported that the first occurrence of Remora specimens is probably attached to turtles for Turkey's northeastern Mediterranean coast. Besides, this study is provided some morphometric and meristic data on this species and discussed a probable host of these specimens.

The Moderate Effect Of Individual Factors, School Contextual Factors on Big Fish Little Pond Effect: Evidence From Chinese Mainland Pisa(2012) Data

大鱼小池效应；学业自我概念；调节变量；社会比较

Selektivitas Gillnet Dasar Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Baronang di Perairan Teluk Ambon Dalam

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa selektifitas dari ukuran mata jaring gillnet dasar terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan baronang di TAD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif bersifat studi kasus dengan analisa data menggunakan uji t.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gillnet berukuran mata jaring 3,5 inci lebih selektif dibanding gillnet ukuran mata jaring 2,5 inci. Semakin besar ukuran mata jaring, akan menangkap ikan dengan ukuran yang semakin besar pula. Berdasarkan hasil uji t dalam persamaaan regresi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan panjang total ikan baronang terhadap rasio jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan gillnet dasar dari kedua ukuran mata jaring tersebut.Peluang tertangkap ikan pada setiap ukuran mata jaring berbeda menurut jenis, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kematangan gonad dan lingkar badan ikan.
 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa selektifitas dari ukuran mata jaring gillnet dasar terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan baronang di TAD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif bersifat studi kasus dengan analisa data menggunakan uji t.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gillnet berukuran mata jaring 3,5 inci lebih selektif dibanding gillnet ukuran mata jaring 2,5 inci. Semakin besar ukuran mata jaring, akan menangkap ikan dengan ukuran yang semakin besar pula. Berdasarkan hasil uji t dalam persamaaan regresi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan panjang total ikan baronang terhadap rasio jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan gillnet dasar dari kedua ukuran mata jaring tersebut.Peluang tertangkap ikan pada setiap ukuran mata jaring berbeda menurut jenis, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kematangan gonad dan lingkar badan ikan.

Gonadectomy and Blood Sampling Procedures in the Small Size Teleost Model Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Sex steroids, produced by the gonads, play an essential role in brain and pituitary tissue plasticity and in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in all vertebrates by providing feedback to the brain and pituitary. Teleost fishes possess a higher degree of tissue plasticity and variation in reproductivestrategies compared to mammals and appear to be useful models to investigate the role of sex steroids and the mechanisms by which they act. The removal of the main source of sex steroid production using gonadectomy together with blood sampling to measure steroid levels has been well-established and fairly feasible in bigger fish and is a powerful technique to investigate the role and effects of sex steroids. However, these techniques raise challenges when implemented in small size teleost models. Here, we describe the step-by-step procedures of gonadectomy in both males and female Japanese medaka followed by blood sampling. These protocols are shown to be highly feasible in medaka indicated by a high survival rate, safety for the life span and phenotype of the fish, and reproducibility in terms of sex steroid clearance. The use of these procedures combined with the other advantages of using this small teleost model will greatly improve the understanding of feedback mechanisms in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction and tissue plasticity provided by sex steroids in vertebrates.

Catching a Big Fish with a Small Net: Factors Associated with First-Choice Match from Urology Residency Applicants' Self-Reported Data.

We sought to determine the accuracy of self-reported urology applicant match data and determine which factors were most influential on successful application outcomes. A publicly accessible Google spreadsheet entitled "Urology Residency Applicant Spreadsheet" containing self-reported urology residency applicant characteristics and match outcomes was analyzed for differences across the years 2017+2018 (pre-aggregated)-2020. These data were compared to published data from the American Urological Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges. Statistical modeling of the self-reported data was performed to determine which applicant characteristics were predictive of match outcomes. Averages of self-reported data were similar to published match data with a bias towards more competitive applicants. The factors associated with increased interview offer rate were: Step 1 score, Step 2 score, number of research items, class quartile, and Alpha Omega Alpha membership. Logistic regression modeling correctly predicted an applicant matching to their first-choice program with 74.7% accuracy, with significant negative predictors being the number of programs to which the applicant applied and interviews offered from waitlist or cancellations, and positive predictors being the number of interview offers received. Many applicants "apply broadly" with the goal of improving their match outcomes, but we found that applying to more programs is associated with a decreased likelihood of the applicant matching to their first-choice program. Applicant characteristics such as United States Medical LicensingExamination® scores were not related to first-choice match, suggesting that program selection, among other factors, is vital in the match process.

Editor's Column: “I set this matter down … to inform myself”: Steinbeck's Travels with Charley in Search of America as Private Discourse

Editor's Column: “I set this matter down … to inform myself”: Steinbeck's <i>Travels with Charley in Search of America</i> as Private Discourse

Marine Protected Areas: A Way to Protect Our Oceans

Have you ever walked around a forest or park, and noticed signs saying things like: “Do not Pick Flowers” or “Do not Feed the Animals”? These signs indicate that the area you are in is being protected from humans. When these protected spaces are in the ocean, they are called marine protected areas. Marine protected areas vary in type, from heavily protected areas, to areas where visitors can use the ocean for recreation. Special rules and regulations protect and conserve underwater habitats, plants, and animals in these areas. Marine protected areas exist all over the world and can result in more and bigger fish, which can lead to a healthier ocean. While it is not easy to create such an area, local community groups, single countries, and even big groups of countries have worked to create marine protected areas, ensuring that their oceans are protected and healthy.

Teaching moves and preschoolers’ arithmetical accuracy

Several teaching moves have been suggested to support young children’s simple addition and subtraction performance, including use of a number path, directly modeling addition and subtraction, using mathematical symbols, and modifying problem difficulty. In the present study, teacher-researchers implemented an early arithmetic activity, Big Fish Story, with dyads of 3 to 4-year-old students. As part of the implementation, the teacher-researchers used these teaching moves to support young children’s in-the-moment answers to simple addition and subtraction problems. We use session-level data (n = 94 sessions) nested in dyads to examine and compare the frequency with which the use of these teaching moves are associated with two types of student responses, in order to preliminarily identify teaching moves that may support young children’s performance on simple arithmetic tasks. We conclude with implications for the field and early childhood practitioners.

A PCR-based genetic sex identification method in spotted mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) and big eye mandarin fish (Siniperca kneri)

Sex-specific markers are extremely important for unisexual breeding and understanding of sex determination mechanisms. Spotted mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) and big eye mandarin fish (Siniperca kneri) are economically important freshwater fish in China. Here, for the first time, we successfully identified three male-specific markers in the two species. Through genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of three males, three females, one male mixed pool and one female mixed pool of spotted mandarin fish, we screened 27 potential male-specific sequences. After PCR validation, three male-specific markers were further identified. Moreover, these markers could also be used to identify genetic sex of spotted mandarin fish from different populations with 100 % accuracy. In addition, these markers were also successfully used in the identification of genetic sex of big eye mandarin fish. Notably, the sequences of male-specific markers were highly similar in the two species and the corresponding sequence of one marker was highly similar to partial genome sequence of amhy gene in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). In all, the verified male-specific markers suggested XY sex determination system existed in spotted mandarin fish and big eye mandarin fish and would play an important role in future work of sex control breeding.

Big Fish, Big Pond? The Joint Effect of Formal and Informal Core/Periphery Positions on the Generation of Incremental Innovations

In this paper, we apply a core/periphery framework to an intraorganizational context to study the interplay between formal and informal core/periphery structures. Specifically, we consider how core positions occupied by inventors in the corporate research and development division of a large multinational high-tech company affect their ability to generate incremental innovations. We theorize and empirically observe that formal and informal core positions have positive and independent effects on the generation of incremental innovations. These effects have a multiplicative impact on innovative productivity when inventors who are core in the informal knowledge-sharing network are also affiliated with a core organizational unit. We also observe, however, that the positive effect of being located at the core of both the informal and formal structures is negatively moderated by individuals’ distribution of knowledge ties when these reach outside the core of their informal knowledge-sharing network.

An Innovative Approach to Blood Collection from Fish

Tilapia is one of the most cultured fish in the world; it directly contributes to food security for many countries especially in Africa. Tilapia production is adversely affected by disease, infection, and pollutants. However, there are a few diagnostic tools available to evaluate fish health. Blood parameters are the key tool to investigate fish health. Yet the fish size has been a challenge to researchers and veterinary. The present technique has been developed to draw more blood rapidly from small tilapia fish (below 20gm), and big fish as well. The obtained volume of blood was proportional to the fish size. This technique sacrifices fish; it’s not suitable for repeated blood collection.

Let more big fish sink: Fisheries prevent blue carbon sequestration-half in unprofitable areas.

Contrary to most terrestrial organisms, which release their carbon into the atmosphere after death, carcasses of large marine fish sink and sequester carbon in the deep ocean. Yet, fisheries have extracted a massive amount of this "blue carbon," contributing to additional atmospheric CO2 emissions. Here, we used historical catches and fuel consumption to show that ocean fisheries have released a minimum of 0.73 billion metric tons of CO2 (GtCO2) in the atmosphere since 1950. Globally, 43.5% of the blue carbon extracted by fisheries in the high seas comes from areas that would be economically unprofitable without subsidies. Limiting blue carbon extraction by fisheries, particularly on unprofitable areas, would reduce CO2 emissions by burning less fuel and reactivating a natural carbon pump through the rebuilding of fish stocks and the increase of carcasses deadfall.

Big fish in a small pond: Locally dominant firms and the business cycle

Following Gabaix (2011), we identify locally dominant firms that have a strong impact on their local macroeconomic environment, but are not among the largest 100 U.S. firms. Idiosyncratic shocks to these locally dominant firms propagate nationally and explain a significant portion of aggregate U.S. macroeconomic fluctuations. Specifically, we find that locally dominant firms exist in 13 U.S. states and productivity shocks to these firms explain almost 50% of the U.S. GDP growth.

Analysis of the Archaeozoological Material From XI—XIII Centuties Settlement Ihren 8

The Ihren peninsula is situated in the Samara district of Dnipro city. The advantageous geographical location in the lower reaches of the Dnieper River basin was conducive to the habitation of this place in the course of Mesolithic time. From the beginning of 1930-ies, archaeological sites of Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and namely Medieval time on the territory of the peninsula were discovered and excavated. In the case of the river erosion and potential building development on its territory, the archaeological excavations have become a necessity. In July 2018, the excavation work of the archaeological expedition of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla academy” was held. The head of the expedition was prof. L. Zalizniak. During the process of research, the peninsula stratigraphy was clarified and some objects and cultural stratums of XI—XIII centuries were discovered. The materials found consisted of ceramics fragments, amphorae, metal knife blades and fishing hooks. A high concentration of glass bracelets indicates the wealth of the settlement’s inhabitants. The object of this research is animal bones, which were found in the context of cultural stratums of XI—XIII centuries. The biggest percentage of bones belongs to domestic animals, such as cows, pigs, small-hoofed animals, such as sheep and goats. Red deer, elk, roe deer were the objects of hunting strategy. Their horns were used for bone tools and handcraft. Fishing was one of the important branches of the economy. 12 fish species from 5 families were identified from the fish bones, the most valuable of which belong to the sheefish, pike, sander and carp. Almost all of the fish bones were big in size. It can be possible during big fish selection in the process of fishing. The perforated fish vertebrae emphasize the important role of fish production. The results supplement previous researches and give a base for the reconstruction of certain aspects of settlement economy.

Taking Social Comparison to the Extremes: The Huge-Fish-Tiny-Pond Effect in Self-Evaluations

People evaluate themselves more favorably when they are a big fish in a little pond than a little fish in a big pond. The present research demonstrates that this tendency is exacerbated in extreme social comparison conditions, explains why, and highlights practical implications. Study 1 participants were told that they were a big (little) fish in a little (big) pond or a huge (tiny) fish in a tiny (huge) pond. Results provided evidence for a huge-fish-tiny-pond effect and showed that it is significantly larger than the big-fish-little-pond effect. Study 2 demonstrated that the huge-fish-tiny-pond effect reflects a neglect group rank information and Study 3 suggests that it inflates self-views. These experiments are the first to document the huge-fish-tiny-pond effect, which was highly robust (overall d = 2.05) and suggest that extreme social comparisons magnify self-evaluation tendencies.

Big fish, small fries? The fluidity of power in patron-client relations of Lake Victoria fisheries

Big fish, small fries? The fluidity of power in patron-client relations of Lake Victoria fisheries

Five simple reasons to discard DIP, or why we should stop calling dolphins big fish

The aim of this review is to explain why the term ‘desquamative interstitial pneumonia’ (DIP) should be discarded and replaced with modern terminology. Reason 1: DIP is a misnomer. Within...