Big Words Research Articles

Do physicians and patients speak different languages: quantitative evidence from linguistic analysis

Abstract Background Misunderstanding and miscommunication between physicians and patients are well-accepted sources of poor therapy adherence and poor outcomes. Some of these issues are suspected to occur because these two groups speak different "languages". A likely component of such language difference is vocabulary; specifically, the use of medical terminology. Nonetheless, there are other psychological aspects of language such as authoritative and emotional use. The text analysis programme, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), was used to assess such features. LIWC is an established tool that analyses the frequency of words that fall into various linguistic, psychological, and emotional categories. The aim was to compare text from both physicians and patients. The context was the use of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods Three articles from English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, and the UK) were examined. These articles presented transcribed verbal communications between interviewers and groups of physicians and patients. More than 80 separate comments, each ≥ 20 words, made by each group were extracted from the articles and analysed. The total number of words was 8,609 from physicians and 4,804 from patients. Data were collected for the following LIWC analysis categories: (1) the proportion of big words (words with ≥7 letters), (2) clout; high scores suggest that the speaker is confident, authoritative, and has a high level of social dominance. It implies that the individual is speaking from a position of strength or influence; and (3) emotion: this category is integral to understanding how people communicate feelings and emotions. Results As anticipated the number of big words was higher in physician interviews (19±1%) than for patients (12±1%; P=0.0013). The clout indicator also showed the physicians with a higher score (43±6 vs 16±6; P=0.028). In contrast, in the emotion category, patient scores (1.19±0.02) were higher than for physicians (0.58±0.15; P=0.016); primarily because of a three-fold higher negative emotion score (0.53±0.08 vs 0.16±0.11; P=0.048). Conclusions Physicians and patients used language differently. As expected, vocabulary differed; physicians used more big words. This is consistent with greater use of medical terminology, a known source of miscommunication. The higher physician clout score indicates the potential for a power imbalance. The greater use of emotion-related words by patients is consistent with their anxiety and concern. Human judgment and contextual analysis are required to fully understand and address the nuances of communication and associated understanding. Nevertheless, LIWC can play a supportive role. If we identify language patterns likely to result in miscommunication or misunderstanding, steps can be taken to mitigate the effects. LIWC provided quantitative insight into qualitative impressions and revealed subtle, but potentially vital, differences.

Do words matter: Investigating the association between linguistic features of accounting examinations and marks

The use of linguistic features in school assessments, as well as the impact of these factors on the outcome of assessments have received limited attention in the literature. With this study I aimed to analyse linguistic features of accounting examinations. A quantitative technique, using tests for correlation, was employed to analyse the Grade 12 National Senior Certificate accounting examinations from 2011 until 2021. Advanced textual analysis software was used to identify connections between specific linguistic features and the marks obtained in these examinations. The findings of this study suggest that increasing the levels of linguistic features associated with analytical thinking, emotional tone and big words, which may be assumed to promote comprehension, may in reality be counterproductive, consequently potentially resulting in poorer marks attained in assessments in the future. The findings of this study are important for the creators of assessment to consider when developing accounting assessment. Given the effect of linguistic features on assessment results as identified in this study, it contributes to the debate on the use of certain linguistic features in assessment.

Inscription from Caria Mentioning Antiochus III, Ptolemy V, and Philip V

The ‘Three Kings’ Inscription’ bears the fragment of a Rhodian arbitration between Bargylia and another town in Caria. It is an important document, for it described major political events which affected western Caria on the eve of the Second Macedonian War (200‑197 BC). Above all, it makes it evident that Rhodes eventually came to know about the same Syro-Macedonian connivance against Egypt and the child king Ptolemy V which Polybius (3.2.8; 15.20) later described in big words. After a detailed status quaestionis, the importance of comparing the Rhodian, Ptolemaic, and Polybian perspectives on Antiochus III and Philip V’s conduct is stressed here.

Predicting user engagement with textual, visual, and social media features for online travel agencies' Instagram post: evidence from machine learning

ABSTRACT By utilizing supervised, unsupervised, and transfer learning techniques, the present article analyzes the entire three major online travel agencies’ Instagram posts (n = 6,083) to investigate which features contribute more to predicting the user engagement. Among 109 textual, visual, and social media post specific features that we initially extracted, we find the important features using the XGBoost algorithm and estimate the effects of each feature on user engagement (i.e. number of likes) using Negative Binomial regression. The results indicate that OTAs should emphasize the travel related emotion, luxurious, outdoorsy, and celebration in the post wordings in captions but should avoid the big words (words with more than six letters). In terms of images, it is recommended to use the image with fewer lines, fewer parallel lines, but more corners. For an Instagram message-delivering strategy, uploading a post during the evening is recommended.

A Machine of Affirmations: Fascism in the Age of Trump

ABSTRACT Nihilism in its classic Nietzschean sense—the ruins of all values—is the general condition of existence of Trumpism. In contrast to Noam Chomsky’s argument that Trump, while authoritarian, is not a fascist, this article analyzes Trumpism in relation to nihilism and argues that Trump is a machine of affirmations for the collapse of all values—democracy, equality, justice . caused by the profound alienation of labor in contemporary capitalism. The machinic affirmations produced by the Trump administrative apparatuses—Fox News, Republican National Committee, Newsmax, the Justice Department . —are given a political bond and a spiritual coherence by (a nihilistic) fascism. It is a fascism that replaces the “big words” with equally ground-less affirmations (“Make American Great Again”) but, like all fascism, fails to overcome capitalism’s devaluation of all values that has in the words of Marx and Engels, “drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervour, of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation.”

Big Words for Little Kids: Rare Vocabulary Use by Preschool Children.

This study presents a preliminary examination of rare vocabulary use by preschool children using a recently developed tool called the Wordlist for Expressive Rare Vocabulary Evaluation (WERVE). The WERVE was used to identify rare vocabulary words language samples of 74 preschool children (M age = 56 months). We examined the relations among rare vocabulary use, performance on norm-referenced measures of single-word vocabulary, and language sample measures of language complexity and lexical diversity. Rare vocabulary use was significantly, positively correlated with standard scores on norm-referenced vocabulary measures and with language complexity and lexical diversity in language samples. Children with higher vocabulary scores used significantly more rare vocabulary than children with lower vocabulary scores. The WERVE shows some promise for providing information about the rare vocabulary use of preschool children. Findings from this preliminary study indicate that further research on rare vocabulary use is warranted. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23518845.

Big Words, small deeds

Big Words, small deeds

Use of Mathematics in Quantitative Research

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between quantitative research and mathematics. This is the literature reviewed article. I studied and reviewed different books, journals and articles for preparing this article. I found; without mathematics it is not possible to conduct the quantitative research. Quantitative research creates meaning through objectively uncover in the collected data. Quantitative research is good at providing information in large number of units rather than qualitative research. Similarly, Quantitative research is more reliable because of considering statistical method and it takes five big words like: theoretical, empirical, and nomothetic probabilistic, and causal.

Do Big Words Make a Big Difference in Funding Outcomes in Equity Crowdfunding?

Venture descriptions are a pivotal means of communication on crowdfunding platforms. The general advice for entrepreneurs is to keep the language of venture descriptions short and simple. However, knowledge about the conditions under which language in crowdfunding communications impacts investment behavior is limited. Using data from 886 actual equity crowdfunding ventures, we show that descriptions with a higher proportion of complex words are positively associated with higher funding outcomes and greater campaign success. Further, using our investor level panel data comprising of 78,141 investments made by 26,965 unique investors we show that the effect of complex language on amount invested at any given investment occasion is particularly strong for less sophisticated investors. However, our results indicates that simultaneous use of complex language and innovative language in venture descriptions can attract more sophisticated investors. Our work contributes to the research on communication in crowdfunding by highlighting the significance of lexical complexity in influencing funding behaviour. We also provide actionable insights for entrepreneurs and recommend that the use of big words especially in tandem with innovative language.

Research on Graphic-Text Relationship in Film and Television Works Based on Big Data Model

With the rise of microblog, social network, mobile APP, location-based services, and other technologies, the global data has exploded. Big data provides a rich source for data mining and analysis, and the results mined from it will become more meaningful and even full of surprises. In this paper, through the problems in processing film and television data, the corresponding model is established to deal with the corresponding problems. According to the related technologies of big data processing and the filtering algorithm of the model, the processing strategies and methods are put forward. The middle also introduces the big data mining method. Finally, according to the different data characteristics and different data processing requirements of the intelligent analysis system of film and television data, comparing the data of film works and TV dramas, the experimental results show that, based on the big data model, the pictures and words in both film works and TV dramas are inseparable and indispensable. In the later research, we choose the appropriate data processing scheme to design and implement the data processing flow, and successfully apply the film and television big data processing strategy and method proposed in this paper to practice, which provides reliable data support for the content analysis of film and television works. The model-based filtering algorithm calculates the relationship between image and text, turns the point into the probability formula of node-to-meta path, and takes the approximate value to achieve efficient model learning.

Shades of green

Abstract Discursive interaction involves the co-construction of meaning between interlocutor/s and intended audience, a process which involves both explicit and implicit meanings (Kecskes 2016). However, since language is at best an imprecise tool for describing reality, even so-called explicit meanings are found to require effort to disambiguate, and true precision may not be attainable, despite sincerity on the part of the speaker/s. These aspects are especially relevant in considering public discourse on the environment, which represents a macro topic whose component discursive features are frequently big words in the sense originally identified by George Orwell (2013), i.e. nature, pollution, fossil fuels, conservation, green energy, global warming, climate change, etc. That is to say, their use signals the presence of ideologies (Fairclough 2003), deontologies (Roderick 2013), presuppositions (Levinson 1983) and naturalisations (Barthes 1957) which imply the use of meanings that are seldom self-evident, though they are presented as such. This paper explores interactions in the public domain about the current environmental crisis, showing how a pragmatic perspective that focuses on situated understandings of shared dialogue can illuminate these issues.

Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on E-Wom: Mediation of Brand Addiction and Moderation of Self-Liking

This research examines the impact of brand addiction and self-liking in the relationship between big fiver personality traits and Electronic word of mouth (E-WOM). This research study is based upon a survey method, data from 233 respondents were collected to examine the impact of independent on dependent variables through mediation and moderation. Mediation and moderation were tested through Process and Hayes. The results of the present study show that the big five personality traits are a significant association with E-WOM. Results also reveal that brand addiction mediates while self-liking does not moderate the association between big five personality traits and E-WOM. This study also includes managerial implications, limitations and direction for future research.

Korean Public Values Revealed in Portal News Rankings

Purpose: In this study, I focused on the social and cultural characteristics of Korea and the moral characteristics of Koreans. Ultimately, I examined the characteristics of Korean moral culture. I tried to look at the internet news rankings to confirm the moral culture of Koreans. I tried to study the ranking of internet news by age to gauge what kind of consciousness and values Koreans have. Method: For this purpose, the titles up to the 5th in the gender ranking of DAUM portal news were analyzed by word cloud. The value-related terms that appeared in the articles viewed the portal ranking news with the most interest through big data word cloud analysis from July 20th to 24th, 2021. Results: First, I identified general conceptual definitions and characteristics of values, morals, and ethics. Second, I examined the value-related terms that appeared in the articles that viewed the portal ranking news with the most interest through big data word cloud analysis. Third, I inferred the characteristics of moral culture that appeared in the news of interest by age groups of Koreans used in this study. Fourth, I explored the meaning of these analysis results in terms of the moral education in Modern Korea. Conclusion: The interest in articles by age group is different. It can be inferred that women have relationship-oriented tendencies and men have collectivistic tendencies toward society and the state. However, there are several limitations in generalizing the gender differences analyzed based on this ranking news.

Restorying the life of Martin Luther King: visual and verbal complexity of nonfiction picture book biographies

The article is devoted to the genre of nonfiction picture book biography as a new publishing phenomenon within the area of children's literature. The aim of the article is to analyze the ways of transmitting knowledge by combining visual codes and unconventional verbal narratives in three nonfiction picture book biographies of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Martin's Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (2007), I Have a Dream (2012), and Be A King: Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Dream and You (2018). It examines how the selected books invite the readers to participate in the process of meaning making and redefining reality. It also discusses the strategies of counterstorytelling and counter-visuality employed by the creators of the books.

Teaching Parents of At-Risk Preschoolers to Employ Elaborated and Non-Elaborated Vocabulary Instruction During Shared Storybook Reading

ABSTRACT This study examines the influence of a parent workshop intervention on vocabulary acquisition of at-risk preschool children during parent-child shared storybook reading. Sixty-nine parents were randomly assigned to either treatment or control group. In the treatment condition, parents were taught to implement elaborated vocabulary instruction (definitions, synonyms, and examples) and non-elaborated vocabulary instruction (simple definitions only) during shared storybook reading (SSR). In the control group (stories only), parents read the same storybooks as the treatment families but did not provide direct vocabulary instruction. Children’s vocabulary learning was assessed using a researcher-designed assessment, Big Words for Little People (BWLP), at three time points during the study: before, after, and 14 days following the end of the intervention. The results suggest that meaningful explanations of unfamiliar words during parent-child shared storybook reading may be a viable strategy for fostering vocabulary learning, which is critical for later reading achievement.

The Culture of The Following of Melayu Identity in Indonesia

The diversity of ethnic groups makes Indonesia also has a lot of local culture, one of which is folklore. Part of the culture of a society that is spread and traditional in nature which is passed down orally and from generation to generation is also called folklore. Folklore consists of two big words, namely folk and lore. Folk means a group of people who have physical, social, and cultural identifiable characteristics so that they can be distinguished from other groups. This research is a culture-based research that investigates folk culture as the identity of the Malay Archipelago tribes in Indonesia. Folklore or in Indonesian commonly referred to as folklore, is a branch of science that reviews and discusses culture. Folklore consists of two syllables, namely folk and lore. The purpose of this study is to describe Malay folklore as the development of the identity of the Malay community. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with an analysis method (content analysis). This research describes, analyzes, interprets the data. The method of analysis is using the literary reception approach and hermeneutics. The literary reception approach is used to find out how readers respond to Nusantara Malay folklore in Indonesia. The results of the analysis based on folklore (folklore) of the Archipelago in Indonesia, obtained include 1. People who always act and behave correctly always win, 2. People who act and behave in the wrong way will eventually perish, 3. God can make any miracle so that it doesn't happen. nothing is impossible for Him, 4. People who are arrogant, arrogant and have bad intentions will get reinforcements according to their actions. 5. The poor and weak should not be insulted or excluded because by the power of God they can become strong. So it can be concluded that the notion of folklore is a human culture (collectively) which is passed down from generation to generation, both in oral form and in the form of gestures. In Indonesia itself, every region, ethnicity, group, tribe, and religious group of each society has developed its own folklore so that there are various kinds of folklore that exist in Indonesia

How to Teach Big Words in Critical Literacy to Pre-service Teachers

While critical literacy has been intensively researched and become widely known in academia, it does not seem to take root in the classroom. There are a plethora of terms/concepts used in critical literacy that are not so “user-friendly” to classroom teachers. In this paper, I will share how I as a teacher educator teach some “big words” in critical literacy in a way that pre-service teachers can relate to and apply in an elementary classroom. Specifically, I will present a few terms/concepts in critical literacy that the pre-service teachers in my elementary literacy/language arts methods courses find difficult to grasp. I will also discuss how I help the pre-service teachers understand these terms/concepts and connect them to their future classrooms. The purpose of this paper is to bring the high-level theorizing in critical literacy down to the language that pre-service teachers can comprehend and explain to their future students in order to bridge the gap between theory and practice in critical literacy.

COVID-19 May Change Modern Companies Forever—A Brief Outlook

The future is a big word. It can be composed of uncertainties that make us all fear for. However, it is also filled with opportunities that one can grasp vast amount of optimism. We, as the human species, have always been fascinated with our imagination about the future. In the past, we besought witches to tell us about our fortunes. Nowadays, we form risk management entities and consulting firms that help clients identify opportunities and dangers, while attempting to “shape” the future for each one’s favor if possible. If you ask any one at the New Year Eve party about their predictions of the year 2020 on December 31st, 2019, no one would have believed what was bound to take place—in the same fashion as one from 1700s would have never believed the establishment of European Union. While the virus halted our daily routines and is enforcing humans to change their social behaviors, the very reality of this current pandemic COVID-19 is indeed unprecedented. Humans cannot rewind the reality to the past—we should analyze the current situation and predict the future trends in the hope of a more adequate preparation. COVID-19 can be perceived as a catalyst that boosts the progress of various occurring long-term trends in business conducts. Hence, these key long-term trends can shape up companies’ future structures and behaviors forever.

Transparency in the Digital Environment

In this Editor’s Introduction to the CAL Special Issue on “Transparency in the Digital Environment,” I discuss some of its overarching themes and underlying concerns. I also present the eight articles that constitute this issue: What kinds of manifestations can transparency as an idea have in the digital environment? Transparency has proven to be a normatively attractive concept in ethical and legal debates of automated decision-making, data protection, platform governance, artificial intelligence, and so on. In many of them, the recurring worry is this: Who is accountable for the functioning of algorithmic systems? How can we know how these systems work? By way of an answer, transparency is often considered the solution. However, although we worry similarly about accountability in both analog and digital contexts, the latter poses technological, regulatory, and ethical challenges, which may not always find a perfect counterpart in the analog environment. I show how the articles in this special issue represent three different approaches to transparency: reformative, performative, and conceptual. I conclude that we should continue critical discussion on the big words that dominate the current debates of legitimacy in the digital environment.

One Typology for a Big Word: Office of Diversity

Architecture’s original project was the invention of interiority, an enclosed area delimited from its context and made available for a narrowly defined public, function, and meaning. This original project was expanded during the Enlightenment with the concept of type as a method for producing architecture and establishing social institutions for molding subjectivities. This quest for interiority has reached its completion with world capitalism and its associated complexes, which, as Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri have argued, are an interior without any possible or imaginable outside. In response to this condition, this essay argues that the original project of architecture—the conception and design of interiority—needs to be replaced by a new one: the conception and design of openings. To demonstrate this, I have assembled Typologies for Big Words, a series of projects that redefines the concept of type through a selection of building and landscape types proposed as openings within this global interior. Using Byung Chul-Han’s portrayal of contemporary society as an achievement society occupied by achievement-subjects, I present one of these projects as an example, Office of Diversity, as an opening for the production of non-paradigmatic subjectivities.