Big Risk Research Articles

Standardization of Detailed Format of Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of the United Nations (UN)

This work was on the systematic standardization of SDS in the context of UN GHS. This research revolved around the problem of inconsistency in SDS formats and terminologies used worldwide, which may pose even bigger risks in terms of occupational health, environmental safety, industrial hygiene, regulatory compliance etc. Using the mixed-method, this paper assessed the current SDS practices, examined stakeholder perceptions, and proposed an all-inclusive parameter format that could be adapted to fit within established regulatory frameworks. Findings from the study indicated that a standardized SDS could improve clarity and usability, thus enabling better communication and safety practices across various industries.

Investigation into the Suppression Effect of Water Mist on the Self-ignition and Flame Propagation of High-pressure Hydrogen Release

Abstract The self-ignition accident of pressurized hydrogen leakage is regarded as one of the big potential risks in its wide utilization. In this work, a detailed investigation into the suppression effect of water mist on the hydrogen self-ignition and flame propagation is performed. A parametric study of the effect of water concentration and droplet size on flame dynamic is conducted. The results show that the fine water mist effectively reduces the shock-heating temperature, significantly prolonging the ignition time and distance. The water droplets have a direct contact with the fast growing flame, which leads to more intense two-phase interaction that results in the decoupling of shock wave from the leading flame and a more pronounced bimodal flame structures. The droplet size is found to have small effect when the water concentration is low, and the mist with a medium size of 50 μm shows a better inhibitory performance.

The Influence of Macroeconomic Variables on Non-Performing Finance in Sharia Commercial Banks

One of the advantages of the sharia banking business is financing productive sectors that do not contain haram elements. Financing in the micro, small and medium sectors is a sharia banking financing business line, but there is a big risk of bad credit. In recent years, increasing global and domestic economic uncertainty has led to depreciation of the exchange rate, unstable prices of basic commodities, thereby reducing people's purchasing power. This research aims to examine macroeconomic variables such as the exchange rate, inflation and production index as a proxy for GDP towards NPF of sharia banking. The research uses monthly time-series data and the OLS method. The research results show that macroeconomic variables have an influence on NPF. The research implication is that the stability of macroeconomic conditions can maintain people's purchasing power which can influence the NPF level of sharia banking.

Digital futures in mind: Why lived experience collaboration must guide digital mental health technologies

AbstractDigital mental health technologies and services are here. More are coming. Such technologies and services present both risks and opportunities. At their best, they may enhance the most humane, communal and caring parts of our social systems and communities. At their worst, they may reinforce reductionist approaches to distress and crisis, increase surveillance and control, as well as extracting data and wealth from people seeking care. In this paper, we argue that lived experience‐led governance and collaborative development of these technologies and services will enhance the best opportunities and mitigate against the biggest risks. This paper provides a commentary emerging from work by authors with lived experience, and those without, that explored accountability in digital mental health technologies and services. The commentary offers guidance to anyone interested in supporting lived experience‐led, and collaborative governance of, digital mental health technologies. This guidance, drawing on interdisciplinary and lived experience‐led research and grey literature, assists readers in understanding why collaboration should take place, when, where and with whom, on what issues this could start, and how collaborators should approach this.

The Risk Assessment of the Security of Electronic Health Records Using Risk Matrix

The healthcare industry has been shifting toward electronic health records to improve operations, reduce overhead expenditure, and provide better healthcare. Electronic health records (EHRs) are supposed to offer the same levels of confidentiality and privacy as paper records, which have been used for decades. However, this is not the case, as the technology used to access, transmit, and store records poses a high risk to patients and healthcare organizations. Employees are a big risk to EHRs, as they use their devices to access information about a patient and discuss such records with other employees. Healthcare professionals also access patients’ records illegally. Such security loopholes have a high impact on EHRs, as people with malicious intent can use the records to access their financial records or blackmail them. External access to EHRs by cyber attackers poses the highest risk to the records and patients, as attackers are primarily driven by financial gain. On the contrary, internal access to data, though unethical, does not pose a grave danger to patients, as the employees mainly discuss the cases within themselves without any financial incentive to access the data. The current research provides a risk analysis of EHRs, the source of security problems, the impact of the risks involved, and risk management best practices that healthcare organizations can use to protect patients’ data.

Improving the Snakebite Envenoming First Aid Treatment of Farmers in Rural Areas of Indonesia: An Educational Intervention Program

Introduction: Snakebite Envenoming (SBE) cases are a worldwide health problem. Farmers have a big risk of becoming victims of SBE. SBE management is an issue that needs to be resolved due to a lack of information regarding the appropriate management of SBE. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of educational intervention programs on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy of farmers toward SBE management. Methods: The design of this study was a non-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial design, applied to 80 farmers in six subdistricts from rural areas of Indonesia. A multistage sampling was used to select participants. Data collection tools included a three-part questionnaire that consisted of demographics, knowledge, self-efficacy, and an observation checklist for SBE first aid practices for farmers. Education and training sessions were carried out for eight weeks for the intervention group by providing eight sessions of education and training activities. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using a dependent t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy (p<0.05) of farmers in SBE first aid before and after the program. The intervention group showed better results compared to the control group after the follow-up. Conclusion: The educational intervention programs using the digital health education method with snakebite first aid applications have proven positive effect in increasing knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy of SBE first aid among farmers.

Law and Regulation as Safeguards for Investors Against Crime in Capital Market Sector

As a country with potency in economic growth, Indonesia is supported by several essential sectors, and one of them is through the Capital Market. The capital market enables the growth acceleration for a company or country by providing the needed fund. At least, through this medium, there are reciprocal benefits obtained by both parties involved in the Capital Market: issuers with capital injections, and investors with dividends and price increases. Unfortunately, there are big risks that investors have to deal with in capital markets, and some of them are related to fraud, market manipulation and insider trading. The results of this research found that government has enacted regulations that protect investors' rights through the Capital Market Law and the Financial Services Authority Law. However, there are still weaknesses in this regulation, especially for types of crimes that are still not regulated in this regulation. Moreover, it is necessary to have sufficient prowess from the authorized institution, especially the Financial Services Authority (OJK), to resolve cases in accordance with the applicable law aiming to protect investors' rights.

Developing an integrated framework for risk management in policing: crisis management using big data analytics as a case study

Objective: The study seeks to develop an integrated framework for enhancing risk management and crisis management in policing through the utilization of big data analytics, using the Dubai police force as a case study. Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in the intersection of big data analytics and risk management within the field of policing, focusing on how data-driven approaches can innovate and improve security crisis management. Method: Data for the study was collected via questionnaires distributed to 450 police officers across all departments in Dubai. The analysis was conducted using AMOS software within a Structural Equation Modeling framework to assess the impact of big data analytics on police risk and crisis management. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that big data analytics significantly enhances risk management and crisis management in policing. It was found that police risk management serves as a mediating factor between big data analytics and security crisis management. These findings suggest that the application of big data can substantially improve knowledge and operational performance in police organizations. Research Implications: The study emphasizes the crucial role of big data analytics in revolutionizing police risk and crisis management processes. It highlights the potential for these technologies to provide substantial improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of police operations. Originality/Value: This research is valuable as it provides empirical evidence of the benefits of big data analytics in the context of policing. It offers practical guidelines to police departments, particularly within the UAE, on leveraging big data to enhance their operational performance in managing risks and crises. The study contributes to the broader understanding of integrating advanced data analytics into public safety and emergency response strategies.

Passive Buildings—Big Opportunities or Big Risks? Quantitative Risk Assessment for Passive Buildings Projects

Passive Buildings—Big Opportunities or Big Risks? Quantitative Risk Assessment for Passive Buildings Projects

EVALUASI PENERAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN PASAR SINGAMANDAWA TAHAP I

The rapid development of the construction industry in addition to providing benefits also poses risks. The construction industry has quite a big risk and this industry can be said to be the most vulnerable to work accidents. ISO 45001: 2018 can be defined as an International Standard that regulates the requirements for occupational health and safety management systems. This study aims to determine the evaluation and application of OHS according to ISO 45001: 2018 regulations in the Phase I Singamandawa Kintamani Market development project. The type of data used is primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires and interviews as well as secondary data obtained from library sources. Data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25. The type of research used was a combination research that combines qualitative and quantitative research, using 3 techniques, namely antecedents, transcendents, and output. The results showed that the antecedents' techniques of staff and workers stated they were very suitable with an average of 40.00 and 41.08 for the OHS policy and planning implementation stage, that the applicable laws and the commitment and leadership carried out were appropriate because of the -the contractor encourages workers to apply OHS. The averages of 37.09 and 38.04 for the OSH implementation stage are also very appropriate. In the transcendents technique, staff and workers stated that they were very compatible with an average of 34.09 and 34.63 with early identification of hazards and risk control. Whereas for the implementation of OHS, the average is 45.64 and 46.00, very appropriate, because there is supervision according to standards. At the output stage, staff and workers stated that they were very suitable with an average of 18.82 and 18.96 for the OHS performance monitoring and evaluation stage. Based on the results of the evaluation of the application of OHS in the Singamandawa Market development project, it is following ISO 45001: 2018, namely by taking the PDCA (Plan Do Check Action) approach.

Research on Tax Risk Regulation and Strategic Management in the Context of Big Data

With the rapid development of big data, big data has been more and more applied in all walks of life. Under the big data environment, massive big data provides convenience for regional tax risk control and strategic decision-making but also increases the difficulty of data supervision and management. By analyzing the status quo of big data and tax risk management, this paper finds many problems and puts forward effective countermeasures for tax risk supervision and strategic management by using big data.

Problematika Perizinan Penguasaan Senjata Api Teramunisi Untuk Sipil Dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif Nasional

Firearms are a big problem when their use can be regulated for civil society, because simply a freedom with big risks will cause other big problems. Providing a sense of security and personal protection by giving rise to abuse will certainly create confusion both for those who regulate it and those who will clearly feel the dangerous impact. This research aims to determine the factors, efforts and obstacles in tackling the crime of possessing firearms without a permit. The research method used in this research uses a normative juridical research approach with a problem approach using a statutory approach. The findings in this research are that a person's internal and external factors greatly influence the efforts that can be made to prevent and overcome criminal acts of possession of firearms and from all forms of efforts made, various obstacles are also found that are present, from the government's quick response in dealing with it to low awareness. the community has an important role in overcoming these legal issues.

Analysis of the Criminal Offense of Suicide Incitement

Suicide is an individual act that aims to interrupt the continuation of the person's vital activity, mainly driven by psychological circumstances. Suicide is considered as the final act that gives salvation to the solution of internal or interpersonal problems and conflicts, which are evaluated by a deviated subjective situation, in which the person thinks that there is no other solution for his fate. Suicides have a negative impact on society, because the loss of a human being's life not only creates wounds and other spiritual dramas, but creates a psychosis of despair and uncertainty in the social circle and the community as a whole. On the other hand, suicide poses a very big risk, because it gives an unacceptable model for society, appearing as a finding or an easy way to deal with personal weaknesses to face life's challenges. In Albania, there is an increasing number of suicide acts, where from the criminal point of view, the law enforcement bodies have increased attention to the possibility of the involvement of other persons, whose actions or inactions directly affect the self-sacrifice of the victims. In this context, the detection of the criminal offense of causing suicide takes an important weight in the prevention of these degrading and victimizing acts, reducing as much as possible the development of similar and complex cases of suicide. However, proving the effects of systematic psychological or physical violence that has led to suicides remains an extreme difficulty for investigative bodies, which requires not only complex investigative methods, but also a more accurate determination of the content of the concrete criminal offense. Received: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 15 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024

Big data-driven risk decision-making and safety management in agricultural supply chains

In the era of digitization, the integration of big data technologies has become instrumental in advancing agricultural supply chain management and bolstering risk decision-making processes. Agricultural supply chains, critical to ensuring food security and bolstering rural economies, face vulnerabilities stemming from a myriad of internal and external elements, including natural disasters and market dynamics. Consequently, the urgency to adopt effective risk management strategies is paramount. Contemporary studies have explored the utilization of big data in decision-making processes specific to agricultural supply chain risks, predominantly concentrating on preliminary risk prediction and characterization. Nonetheless, there exists a shortfall in comprehensively analyzing the intricate interplay among risk factors and establishing a holistic risk management decision-making framework based on such analyses. This research addresses these deficiencies through two principal investigative components. First, this research explores the analysis of risk factors and their interrelationships in the agricultural supply chain based on a decision tree algorithm with a transition structure. This algorithm enhances decision-makers’ understanding of risk factors and their interrelationships, and guide the implementation of effective risk mitigation measures and the formulation of contingency plans. Subsequently, the research constructs a corresponding data-driven multi-criteria decision-making method, assisting managers in balancing different risk management strategies in a volatile supply chain environment, considering costs, benefits, and feasibility to formulate the optimal strategy. The innovation of this research lies in the development of a novel risk analysis tool based on the transition decision tree algorithm. This is the first time that such advanced algorithms are applied to agricultural supply chain risk management, filling a gap in the current research. The outcomes of this study not only contribute to enhancing risk management practices within agricultural supply chains but also offer novel insights and methodological tools that are applicable in research and practices across related domains.

Risk Analysis and Supervision of P2P Online Lending

In the new era of rapid development of science and technology, the combination of finance and technology has brought new financial cognition to people, but the emergence of financial technology has also brought great challenges to risk management in the financial field. With the development and maturity of Internet technology, the rapid innovation of Internet finance has promoted the prosperity of online lending, well met the financing needs of various entities in the market, and effectively solved the problem of expensive financing for small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises. However, the rapid development of Internet finance has also spawned a wider range of financial risks and updated forms. Taking P2P online lending as an example, this paper analyzes the causes and effects of the rise of P2P online lending, finds that there is asymmetric leverage effect in the fluctuations of P2P online lending, analyzes the risks, existing problems and causes of final failure of P2P online lending, and explores the development model of online lending in the post-P2P era and the construction of big data risk control system. Finally, some practical suggestions and countermeasures are given.

Big data, risk classification, and privacy in insurance markets

The development of new technologies and big data analytics tools has had a profound impact on the insurance industry. A new wave of insurance economics research has emerged to study the changes and challenges those big data analytics developments engendered on the insurance industry. We provide a comprehensive literature review on big data, risk classification, and privacy in insurance markets, and discuss avenues for future research. Our study is complemented by an application of the use of big data in risk classification, considering individuals' privacy preferences. We propose a framework for analyzing the trade-off between the accuracy of risk classification and the discount offered to policyholders as an incentive to share private data. Furthermore, we discuss the conditions under which using policyholders' private data to classify risks more accurately is profitable for an insurer. In particular, we find that improving the accuracy of risk classification, if achieved by requiring the use of private data, does not necessarily provide an incentive for insurers to create more granular risk classes.

Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Financial Literacy: Exploring their Combined Influence on Investment Behavior among Chinese Household

The investing behavior of Chinese families is undergoing a dramatic transition in the context of the digital financial era, impacted by factors such as big data use, AI adoption, financial literacy, digital literacy, and risk aversion. Although prior research has offered useful insights into certain components, a thorough examination of their linked dynamics has been lacking. The purpose of this research was to look into how big data usage, AI adoption, financial literacy, digital literacy, and risk aversion influence investment behavior among Chinese households. Additionally, it aimed to learn more about how risk aversion and digital literacy function as mediators in these relationships. A questionnaire-based survey of 370 Chinese families was employed as part of the quantitative research methodology. The study employed AMOS to find the relationship between variables. The research found that big data usage, AI adoption, financial literacy, and digital literacy significantly and favorably influenced Chinese households' investment behavior. It was discovered that digital literacy mediated the linkages between the adoption of technology and investment decisions. Furthermore, risk aversion reduced the effects of financial literacy and big data usage on investment behavior. This study added to the body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive framework that incorporates several aspects impacting investment behavior. It shed insight into the complicated dynamics of technology uptake and literacy, as well as their impact on investment decisions. The study went beyond individual components to investigate their interactions, resulting in a more complex view of modern investment behavior. This study has broad-ranging effects that will help investors, financial institutions, governments, educators, and researchers. The focus on a particular setting and self-reported data are two important constraints that must be acknowledged. Future studies can investigate longitudinal dynamics and cross-cultural variances to further our understanding of investment behavior in the digital age.

Locked into a permanent position of vulnerability? Farmers’ trust and social capital with the government from Critical Disaster Studies perspectives

AbstractIn disaster scholarship, there is limited understanding about how vulnerability is socially constructed by a convergence of varying social structural and historical processes that predispose certain vulnerable groups to disasters even before a hazard event occurs. This article aims to fill this void by using Critical Disaster Studies perspectives to explore the root causes of why crop farmers in the coastal region of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta have been locked in a permanent position of vulnerability. In order to develop more sustainable food supply chains, this exploration aims to shed light on the socio-cultural interpretations, experiences, and needs of disaster-affected farmers—the most important but vulnerable actors in the crop production hierarchy in Vietnam. Following a historic disaster between late 2015 and early 2016, local governments deliberately organised farmers into an agricultural cooperative in an attempt to support farmers in enhancing economic resilience and disaster preparedness. However, this intervention has failed since farmers refused to participate in the organisation’s activities. While this reaction may seem irrational, it reflects farmers’ distrust in the government, which was largely a result of their collective trauma from the state’s agricultural collectivisation policy implemented between 1976 and 1985. Farmers chose to cling to their individual working routines out of concern about government supervision, forcing them to take bigger risks and pay for the food supply chains’ catastrophic damage. Our findings show that a strained relationship between farmers and the government can jeopardise disaster recovery and resilience building. Our paper adds to the Critical Disaster Studies literature by revisiting the concepts of vulnerability and resilience, emphasising the importance of addressing socio-cultural vulnerability before improving disaster resilience.

"Getting pregnant during COVID-19 was a big risk because getting help from the clinic was not easy": COVID-19 experiences of women and healthcare providers in Harare, Zimbabwe.

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures may have disrupted delivery of maternal and neonatal health services and reversed the progress made towards dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Zimbabwe. This qualitative study explores the impact of the pandemic on the provision and uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services from the perspectives of women and maternal healthcare providers. Longitudinal in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 pregnant and breastfeeding women aged 20-39 years living with HIV and 20 healthcare workers in two maternity polyclinics in low-income suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe. Semi-structured interviews were held after the second and third waves of COVID-19 in March and November 2021, respectively. Data were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach. While eight antenatal care contacts are recommended by Zimbabwe's Ministry of Health and Child Care, women reported only being able to access two contacts. Although HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) refills and syphilis screening services were accessible at first contact, other services such as HIV-viral load monitoring and enhanced adherence counselling were not available for those on ART. Closure of clinics and shortened operating hours during the second COVID-19 wave resulted in more antenatal bookings occurring later during pregnancy and more home deliveries. Six of the 20 (33%) interviewed women reported giving birth at home, assisted by untrained traditional midwives as clinics were closed. Babies delivered at home missed ART prophylaxis and HIV testing at birth despite being HIV-exposed. Although women faced multiple challenges, they continued to attempt to access services after delivery. These findings underline the importance of investing in robust health systems that can respond to emergency situations to ensure continuity of essential HIV prevention, treatment, and care services.

THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF LEADERS WITH NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITIES IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN COMPANIES

There are organizations and companies that, for whatever reason and even in spite of the very condition of the company's continued operations, are interested in hiring narcissistic managers and leaders, with a destructive or functionally deluded profile (from the SD - Self-deceptive concept), since they are often either immersed in a tangle of mistaken beliefs about management, or are involved in excessively grandiose projects. The aim of this study is to analyze the harmful effect of this type of leader, given that narcissism is closely linked to management staff, a condition that can compromise the company's economic and social results. The problem situation arises when narcissism ceases to be healthy and becomes pathological. The research is justified by the fact that, in this situation, a narcissistic and destructive leader, depending on their position in the organization's hierarchy (low, medium or high), can have serious consequences for the organization, especially if there is no effective monitoring of their actions. As partial results of this approach, we already know that, despite this, organizations have a clear predilection for this profile of leader, due to their ability to take big risks and carry out major undertakings and projects. This research will use a bibliographical review as its method, presenting the thoughts of various authors who are concerned with this issue. The main bibliographic contribution of this literature review, however, rests on the intersection of various authors, with the thinking of Freud (2010).