Bidding Process Research Articles

‘The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales’ — A New Industrial World Heritage Site

ABSTRACT UNESCO’s inscription of ‘The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales’ as a World Heritage Site in 2021 added for the first time a cultural landscape of quarrying to the World Heritage list, the culmination of a 12-year bid process for Gwynedd Council as the promoting local authority. Its six Component Parts exhibit clear visual and functional relationships with the wider landscape of Snowdonia and the sea, but also significant differences in terms of extraction, processing, workers’ settlements and transport. These were described and analysed in a well-produced dossier informed by a comprehensive comparative study, which set out how Wales’ robust systems of landscape protection ensured their effective management, and made clear the strong political, business and community support which the bid enjoyed, based on clear goals and ambitions. Inscription makes clear that there is a strong case for other globally significant quarrying landscapes to become World Heritage Sites.

Moderation role of government acts, laws and policies between economic factors and risk management: A case study of Saudi Arabia contractors

In construction projects, contractors have prioritized risks due to abandonment of operations and events, interruptions, time, and cost overruns. Construction hazards are linked to the ambiguity and unpredictability of the timely delivery of a project, with standard quality and within an allowable budget. The bid process is heavily reliant on economic considerations which include the exchange market, rate of interest and cost inflation for equipment and workforce. Project failure takes place if economic considerations have not complied for effective management of risks in construction. The research framework is founded on Organization Control Theory and focused on the PLS-SEM approach which addresses the effect of economic factors with moderating government regulatory procedures on the management of risks in construction within 303 large (higher than 250 workers) Saudi Arabian contractors. In the PLS-SEM approach, complicated models are effectively analyzed with higher statistical power. The findings show that economic factors and government regulatory procedures have a favorable impact on the management of risks in the Saudi Arabian development industry. Additionally, moderating government regulatory procedures has a favorable correlation to the management of risks in the Saudi Arabian construction sector. By addressing economic considerations, this study enables practitioners, experts and stakeholders involved in construction industries to conduct effective management of risks in the construction sector.

Multi-criteria Decision Support Method AHP-TOPSIS-2N applied in bids to improve the control of public expenses

Everywhere in the world, in various scenarios and situations, it is necessary to deal with the need to make decisions. In the context of public management, this need is often seen. However, this process is not always finished with satisfactory and positive results. It was proposed to use the hybrid method to support decision-making AHP-TOPSIS-2N, which is the combination of the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method with the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to assist the decision maker to improve the control of public spending. Several studies were presented that prove the veracity and effectiveness of the method being used in different contexts. The present study proved to be effective in presenting the method as a great tool that can assist public management in the bidding processes, and thus ensure results with greater transparency and effect, in addition to presenting to society favorable results with the use of this systematized and structured method.

Solution Proposals based on Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS Hybrid Model to the Problems in Public Works Procurement in Turkey

In the transition from price-based bid evaluation to multi-criteria bid evaluation process in public procurements pioneered by academic research, the aim is to ensure the delivery of the project at the desired quality without exceeding the time and budget of the contract process. In the tenders made according to the Public Procurement Law (PPL), while the lowest price principle was used in the bid evaluation stage, non-price elements began to be used in time. In this study, solutions to current problems such as the evaluation of extremely low bids in the tenders made within the scope of the law, the long duration of the bid evaluation process, and the high number of conflicts are proposed through the model created by Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS methods.

Divide-and-Conquer in Automated Negotiations Through Utility Decomposition

The success of a negotiation depends largely on the actors and the negotiation do- main. It is common that negotiators rely on an agenda to simplify the process and reach better deals. This is particularly the case when the preferences of the nego- tiators are complex and when multiple issues are at stake. Using an agenda to ex- plore and decompose the interdependence relationships between the issues is one way to address this problem. In this paper, we propose to address this challenge by applying the classical divide-and-conquer approach to automated negotiations through means of utility decomposition and bottom-up agenda construction. The approach does not impose an agenda from the top level of the negotiations, but builds it bottom-up given the individual utility functions of the agents and the relationships between the issues. Our approach reduces the cost of exploring the utility spaces of the agents and the resulting bidding processes. We implement the approach in a novel protocol called the Decomposable Alternating Offers Proto- col (DAOP). The experimental results show that our divide-and-conquer algorithm makes a positive influence on the global performance of an automated negotiation system.

Incentivizing Criteria for Steering the Implementation of Gas Distribution Investment Projects

Natural gas distribution involves delivering gas to end customers via local low-pressure pipelines and is a public service. As part of the procedure for awarding the gas distribution service, contracting authorities define the scope of programmatic guidelines whereas firms participating in the open bidding process propose development plans through which they propose investment projects typically classified into extensions, upgrades, and maintenance development plans. According to the scale and scope of development plans, such investment projects must undergo, or are exempt from, a cost-benefit analysis. The criteria for classifying investment projects are called development conditions. This paper focuses on such criteria, proposing a new methodology aimed at incentivizing investment projects and simplifying the evaluation process. Results confirm that an improvement can be made in making development conditions more adequate to the needs of different territories. Policymakers can benefit from this paper, as investors and contracting authorities require a common methodology at the heart of the analysis of gas distribution network extension.

A Dynamic Multi-Attribute Resource Bidding Mechanism with Privacy Protection in Edge Computing

In edge computing, a reasonable edge resource bidding mechanism can enable edge providers and users to obtain benefits in a relatively fair fashion. To maximize such benefits, this paper proposes a dynamic multi-attribute resource bidding mechanism (DMRBM). Most of the previous work mainly relies on a third-party agent to exchange information to gain optimal benefits. It is worth noting that when edge providers and users trade with third-party agents which are not entirely reliable and trustworthy, their sensitive information is prone to be leaked. Moreover, the privacy protection of edge providers and users must be considered in the dynamic pricing/transaction process, which is also very challenging. Therefore, this paper first adopts a privacy protection algorithm to prevent sensitive information from leakage. On the premise that the sensitive data of both edge providers and users are protected, the prices of providers fluctuate within a certain range. Then, users can choose appropriate edge providers by the price-performance ratio (PPR) standard and the reward of lower price (LPR) standard according to their demands. The two standards can be evolved by two evaluation functions. Furthermore, this paper employs an approximate computing method to get an approximate solution of DMRBM in polynomial time. Specifically, this paper models the bidding process as a non-cooperative game and obtains the approximate optimal solution based on two standards according to the game theory. Through the extensive experiments, this paper demonstrates that the DMRBM satisfies the individual rationality, budget balance, and privacy protection and it can also increase the task offloading rate and the system benefits.

СНИЖЕНИЕ СТОИМОСТИ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ЖИЛЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ: ПРОГРЕССИВНЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ БЮДЖЕТА И ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ЧЕРЕЗ ПРОЕКТНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

This article explores the strategic application of advanced project management methods to achieve significant cost reductions in residential renovation projects. In modern conditions, where clients face challenges such as budget overruns, project delays, low quality, and lack of transparency, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of how project management practices can optimize both financial and operational aspects of renovations. The article advocates for a shift from the traditional interaction pattern in the residential real estate market, where clients typically hire general contractors under «turnkey» conditions, to a more progressive model. In this model, the general contractor acts as a project manager, and all subcontractors are selected through an open and transparent bidding process based on clear evaluation criteria, such as price, quality, and reputation. The general contractor operates under an «open book» principle, with all subcontractor pricing transparent to the client, and the general contractor’s work is compensated as a percentage of the budget. The article emphasizes the importance of involving an independent expert, hired by the client, to assess the effectiveness and transparency of subcontractor selection by the general contractor. This scheme is widely used in large-scale industrial and civil construction projects, but its implementation in the residential market was previously difficult due to relatively small budgets that did not allow for additional oversight and supervision. This study examines the implementation of electronic document management systems, digital project management, and financial accounting as key drivers for increasing the efficiency of renovation projects. A structured approach to contractor management, material procurement, and quality assurance demonstrates how project managers can effectively mitigate risks, ensure compliance with timelines, and deliver high-quality work within the approved budget.

The Government Procurement Law (RA 9184) And Its IRR: Flaws on the Compliance Based on the Observations in the Procurement Bidding Process by the Employees of the Philippine Center for Postharvest and Mechanization Development (PHilMech)

It has been stated repeatedly that delays in government spending in the past have been caused, in part, by problems with procurement. The PHilMech Budget has been citing procurement as an excuse for underspending for many years. The cumulative disbursement outcome for 2019 was lower than the programmed spending for the year by approximately Php 48 million, or about 23% of utilization in the Regular fund, and by approximately 9 million, or about 9% in the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund. Although not all of the savings result from underspending (i.e., about 21% of the amount is attributable to a combination of greater interest payment savings and net lending, which reflects prudent debt management by the government), the majority is reflected as a decline in agency performance in disbursements and budget utilization. The problem of procurement management delays in PHilMech has been enormous. Its effects were so profound that it frequently slows down the execution of strategic planning. This essay examines the management and procurement law flaws that contributed to the delays in the PHilMech projects' implementation. The analysis's findings showed that poor management, ineffective planning and scheduling, and cash flow and financial difficulties faced by management were the major issues that contributed to delays. Several actions are suggested.

Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply System in the Dryland areas of West Bengal – an estimation using Double-Bounded Dichotomous-Choice Model

This study used double-bounded dichotomous-choice to estimate and analyze the factors affecting households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for water supply in the dryland areas of West Bengal as well as improvement in the existing water bodies. This study notes that although the households living in the four districts of drylands of West Bengal are very poor financially, majority of them have willingness to accept the higher bid in the double-bounded bidding process. It shows the importance as well as necessity of good water system, as a whole, to them, which could solve manifold problems. Pilot survey as well as final survey were conducted in the three districts of dryland area of West Bengal on 450 households and bids were set in such a manner which could be bearable for the people of these areas. Over 65% were willing to participate in the improvement of the water supply system in the area. Those who were “protest bidders”, showed socio-economic reasons for their decisions. We have followed the procedure suggested by NOAA (1993) panel for applying the CVM with full randomness being taken care of in the different stages of survey. What we have found is that apart from the amount of bid, several socio-economic variables play a part in people’s decision on selection of a bid.

Strategic Participation of Active Citizen Energy Communities in Spot Electricity Markets Using Hybrid Forecast Methodologies

The increasing penetrations of distributed renewable generation lead to the need for Citizen Energy Communities. Citizen Energy Communities may be able to be active market players and solve local imbalances. The liberalization of the electricity sector brought wholesale and retail competition as a natural evolution of electricity markets. In retail competition, retailers and communities compete to sign bilateral contracts with consumers. In wholesale competition, producers, retailers and communities can submit bids to spot markets, where the prices are volatile or sign bilateral contracts, to hedge against spot price volatility. To participate in those markets, communities have to rely on risky consumption forecasts, hours ahead of real-time operation. So, as Balance Responsible Parties they may pay penalties for their real-time imbalances. This paper proposes and tests a new strategic bidding process in spot markets for communities of consumers. The strategic bidding process is composed of a forced forecast methodology for day-ahead and short-run trends for intraday forecasts of consumption. This paper also presents a case study where energy communities submit bids to spot markets to satisfy their members using the strategic bidding process. The results show that bidding at short-term markets leads to lower forecast errors than to long and medium-term markets. Better forecast accuracy leads to higher fulfillment of the community programmed dispatch, resulting in lower imbalances and control reserve needs for the power system balance. Furthermore, by being active market players, energy communities may save around 35% in their electrical energy costs when comparing with retail tariffs.

Bidding for Olympic and Paralympic games, a tool for transportation investments and tourism? The case of Istanbul

Since the start of the modern Olympic Games, and more recently the Paralympic Games, urban development linked to this mega-event has changed: the mono-stadium model typical of the early modern Games has been replaced by the model of an Olympic district. Because the events take place across multiple sites, the Games are often associated with investments in transportation. The paper aims to explore how, even in the case of a failed bid to stage the Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPGs), bidding for the Games can give rise to urban developments. In particular, bidding to host the Games can contribute to the reinforcement of transportation infrastructure. This study draws upon the case of the Istanbul bid. The Istanbul case is analyzed from the perspective of the bidding process before and after the reference to the Olympic Committee. The study examines the changes in the capacity of the transportation and tourist infrastructure through the official reports, statistics and annuals, as well as related literature. The case shows how bidding for big events such as the OPGs can drive investment and directly or indirectly impact economic activities, in particular in the tourism sector, whatever the result of the bidding process.

Communication Activities on the Implementation of E-procurement in Indragiri Hulu Regency

This study aims to understand communication activities in implementing E-procurement in Indragiri Hulu Regency. This research is interesting in understanding communication activities in the implementation process in frontier, outermost, and underdeveloped (3T) regions. E-Procurement is an application for managing goods/services procurement data, including internet-based procurement data, designed to achieve an effective, efficient, and integrated procurement process. This research is qualitative research to explore communication activities in implementing E-Procurement. The subjects of this study amounted to 8 people involved in the Implementation of e-procurement. Data analysis was carried out in three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The study results show that communication activities occur in 4 stages of the auction process carried out by the Electronic Procurement Agency. This process involves regional apparatus organizations in Indragiri Hulu Regency with suppliers who provide goods and services registered in the electronic procurement system in Indragiri Hulu Regency. The process of procuring goods starts with a proposal process from each Regional Apparatus Organization based on their respective Performance Plans to carry out the bidding process. The auction process is carried out by a working group team formed by the Head of LPSE, which suppliers of goods and services will follow. The Working Group team will evaluate the documents proposed by the supplier and determine the tender winner.

Legacies of failure to win the city of culture: Liminality, civicism and change

The European Capital of Culture Programme and the UK Cities of Culture Programme have emerged as important vehicles in the realisation of the promise of culture led regeneration. However, while value of bidding both in terms of cultural value and public value is well documented, less attention has been given to those cities that loose in their attempts to become Capital of Culture. Drawing on the works of Turner, we conceive of the bidding phase of a competitive cultural mega event competition as a liminal phase; where the ‘old’ rules of cultural organising are put into flux, and where novel or creative solutions can be re-imagined. Using a case study methodology, the paper draws attention to the ways the bidding process shapes the cities, and the legacy effects made possible through engagement in the process. We show how the competitive nature of the bidding process (often with cities competing with their close neighbours), enables a particular form of civic pride, that is, civicism to enrol stakeholder support to ‘do it for the bid’ and set the scene for transformation. We propose that the legacy of bidding is not just about winning (or not) but leveraging the process for sustainable change. We discuss how two places, in competing to host a cultural mega event, used the bid to create change to redress structural and social inequalities. While the emphasis in the current discourse is a ‘winner takes all’, we evidence that this does not do justice to the transformative effect of bidding for those cities that do not go on to host the event. The framework presented in this work offers cities a model to reflect on the transformative potential of bidding for yearlong cultural events. • Mega event bidding process as creative, liminal phase that bring about transformations in the configuration of culture in places. • Local authorities in bidding cities experience altered routines and expansion of expertise in cultural policy and management. • of citizen engagement through civicism and comparison between competing cities is a key feature of the bidding phase. • Increased visibility and internationalisation of the local arts and culture sector shown as key legacy effects of bidding process regardless of outcome of the competition.

A REVIEW OF A SUBORDINATE FIRE SAFETY LAW: IS IT LEGAL?

In Australia and the UK, problems within the fire safety market have resulted in both the Executive and private sector carrying out their own investigations; by the Executive: Shergold Weir Report (Australia), and the Hackitt Report (UK); and, by the private sector: the Warren Centre’s (Australia) fire review program. Because of the findings, some fire safety laws have been changed, by the Executive. New Zealand’s fire safety laws, particularly those below that of the Building Act (i.e., subordinate laws), have also undergone significant change since 2012, again, made by the Executive and have not gone without debate. Some changes, such as compulsory design procedures in a verification method, have caused notable discontent. In response, the New Zealand government funded fire review programs to investigate these issues. This paper looks at how the Judiciary has the power to rule over any law changes made by the Executive under judicial review circumstances in Australia, the UK, and New Zealand (“Westminster countries”), using the compulsory design procedure within a verification method as an example. When analyzing this change against the statutory Acts and Westminster judicial doctrines that the Judiciary must rule within, it is concluded that this design procedure is inconsistent with the New Zealand Building Act and therefore illegal, that there are strong grounds for judicial review, and using judicial review principles to analyze construction laws during the bidding, design, and construction process is recommended when working in Westminster countries.

License Complementarity and Package Bidding: US Spectrum Auctions

US spectrum licenses cover geographically distinct areas and often complement each other. A bidder seeking to acquire multiple licenses is exposed to the risk of winning only isolated patches. Using Auction 73 data, we model the bidding process as an entry game with interdependent markets and evolving bidder beliefs. Bidders’ decisions on bidding provide bounds on licenses’ stand-alone values and complementarity between licenses. We show that the effects of package bidding on bidders’ exposure risks depend on package format and size. More importantly, package bidding increases auction revenue substantially at the cost of reducing bidder surplus and increasing license allocation concentration. (JEL D44, H82, L96)

An enhanced searching strategy for multi-agent mobile applications

Multi-agent mobile applications play an essential role in mobile applications and have attracted more and more researchers' attention. Previous work has always focused on multi-agent applications with perfect information. Researchers are usually based on human-designed rules to provide decision-making searching services. However, existing methods for solving perfect-information mobile applications cannot be directly applied to imperfect-information mobile applications. Here, we take the Contact Bridge, a multi-agent application with imperfect information, for the case study. We propose an enhanced searching strategy to deal with multi-agent applications with imperfect information. We design a self-training bidding system model and apply a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to model the bidding process. The bridge system model consists of two parts, a bidding prediction system based on imitation learning to get a contract quickly and a visualization system for hands understanding to realize regular communication between players. Then, to dynamically analyze the impact of other players' unknown hands on our final reward, we design a Monte Carlo sampling algorithm based on the bidding system model (BSM) to deal with imperfect information. At the same time, a double-dummy analysis model is designed to efficiently evaluate the results of sampling. Experimental results indicate that our searching strategy outperforms the top rule-based mobile applications.

메가이벤트 유치에 대한 주민 지지의 영향요인

This study was designed considering the limitations of social exchange theory, which assumes that external economic compensation is likely to motivate participation in resource exchanges. This study examined the effects of knowledge, community attachment, and government trust on exchange relationships under the assumption that rational and reciprocal exchange relationships can supplement the limitations of social exchange theory. The final test utilized 453 questionnaires gathered from local residents in preparation for the Busan World Expo. The following are the results: First, the more negative effects residents perceived, the less likely they were to oppose the Expo bid. Second, this study found that knowledge, community attachment, and government trust can enhance perceived positive impacts and influence positive impacts on Expo bid support. Despite the lack of statistical significance between these three variables, this study suggests that they may contribute to mitigating perceived negative impacts, which could be interpreted as a hint to encourage support for the Expo bid. This study concludes, based on these findings, that knowledge, community attachment, and government trust are necessary conditions for establishing a rational and reciprocal exchange relationship. Some strategies for increasing knowledge and trust in government are also proposed, such as providing objective information based on the Expo's functions and roles rather than biased public relations focusing on economic impacts, ensuring residents' participation in the Expo bidding process as a whole, and expanding private sector

Optimal resilient allocation of mobile energy storages considering coordinated microgrids biddings

This paper presents an algorithm for optimal resilient allocation of Mobile Energy Storage Systems (MESSs) for an active distribution system considering the microgrids coordinated bidding process. The main contribution of this paper is that the impacts of coordinated biddings of microgrids on the allocation of MESSs in the day-ahead and real-time markets are investigated. The proposed optimization framework is another contribution of this paper that decomposes the optimization process into multiple procedures for the day-ahead and real-time optimization horizons. The active distribution system can transact active power, reactive power, spinning reserve, and regulating reserve with the microgrids in the day-ahead horizon. Further, the distribution system can transact active power, reactive power, and ramp services with microgrids on the real-time horizon. The self-healing index and coordinated gain index are introduced to assess the resiliency level and coordination gain of microgrids, respectively. The proposed algorithm was simulated for the 123-bus test system. The method reduced the average value of aggregated operating and interruption costs of the system by about 60.16% considering the coordinated bidding of microgrids for the worst-case external shock. The proposed algorithm successfully increased the self-healing index by about 49.88% for the test system.

The Systems Approach and Design Path of Electronic Bidding Systems Based on Blockchain Technology

The electronic tendering and bidding system has realized the digitalization, networking, and high integration of the whole process of tendering, bidding, bid evaluation, and contract, which has a wide range of applications. However, the trust degree, cooperation, and transaction efficiency of the parties involved in electronic bidding are low, and bidding fraud and collusion are forbidden repeatedly. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, transparent transactions, traceability, non-tampering and forgery detection, and data security. This paper proposes a design path of an electronic bidding system based on blockchain technology, which aims to solve the efficiency, trust, and security of the electronic trading process. By building the underlying architecture platform of blockchain and embedding the business process of electronic bidding, this realizes the transparency, openness, and traceability during the whole process of electronic bidding. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative methods to prove the effectiveness of the system.