Beta Vulgaris Var Research Articles

Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of indian palak (Beta vulgaris var. Bengalensis)

Indian Palak (Beta vulgaris. var. bengalensis) noted for its nutrient richness, is one of the most popular among leafy vegetables. Use of inorganic fertilizers does not compare well on quality and yield parameters vis-a-vis chemical fertilizers which compels the farmers to rely primarily on chemical fertilization of crops. This study has been conducted by using soil amended with vermicompost in the ratio (1:1) for the growth of Indian Palak. The parameters like plant height, number of leaves per cutting, weight of cuttings, dry matter, iron content, carotene content, total minerals and ascorbic acid were evaluated and subjected to statistical analysis to determine the effect of vermicompost prepared from different substrates on growth of Indian Palak. The results indicated that vermicompost obtained from paddy straw and sugarcane bagasse (1:1), is economical and results in better quality attributes in comparison to inorganic fertilizers. Use of chemical fertilizers, however, gave the best physical attributes (growth, size of leaves and cuttings) per plant.

Effect of different Sources and Rates of Organic Fertilization on Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris var. Saccharifera L.) Yields and its Quality Grown under Newly Reclaimed Sandy Soils

At Kalabsho Experimental Farm, Dakahlia Governorate, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, two experiments were done in the field throughout seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to decide the effect of sources of organic fertilizers (farmyard manure FYM, compost CO and poultry manure PM) and its rates ( 0, 3, 5 and 7 t fed-1) on yields and its components and quality of sugar beet cv. Plino under newly reclaimed sandy soil conditions. A strip-plot design with 3 replications was used in these experiments. The obtained results showed that organic fertilizing of sugar beet plots with PM induced a gradual increment and produced in the utmost values of all studied yields and its components and quality parameters as contrasted with supplementary treatments within the two growing seasons. Application the utmost rate of organic fertilizers (7 t fed-1) formed the utmost values of yield and yield components and N, P and K contents in roots and foliage in mutually seasons. Although, the utmost values of sucrose and quality percentages resulted from using the organic fertilizers at 3 t fed-1 and the utmost values of sodium percentage were resulted as of control treatment in mutually seasons. Thus, it is suggested that fertilizing sugar beet fields with poultry manure (PM) at 7 t fed-1 would get the most out of sugar beet over the environmental circumstances of newly reclaimed sandy soils in Kalabsho distract, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

Light Emission in Betalains: From Fluorescent Flowers to Biotechnological Applications.

The discovery of visible fluorescence in the plant pigments betalains revealed the existence of fluorescent patterns in flowers of plants of the order Caryophyllales, where betalains substitute anthocyanins. The serendipitous initial discovery led to a systemized characterization of the role of different substructures on the photophysical phenomenon. Strong fluorescence is general to all members of the family of betaxanthins linked to the structural property that the betalamic acid moiety is connected to an amine group. This property has led to bioinspired tailor-made probes and to the development of novel biotechnological applications in screening techniques or microscopy labeling. Here, we comprehensively review the photophysics, photochemistry, and photobiology of betalain fluorescence and describe all current applications.

Kırmızı Pancarın (Beta vulgaris var. Cruenta Alef.) Bazı Gıda Kaynaklı Patojenler Üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Etkisi

Kırmızı pancar (Beta vulgaris var. Cruenta Alef.) Amaranthaceae familyasına ait çiçekli bir bitki olup Avrupa‘nın batısından tüm Akdeniz kıyılarına kadar uzanan bölgelerde tarımı yapılmaktadır. Türkiye‘de ise; özellikle Ege ve Marmara bölgelerinde üretilmektedir. Dünyada süt ve süt ürünlerinin, meyve sularının, sos, çorba, şekerleme, jöle, salça, kahvaltılık ürünlerin, sucuk, sosis gibi ürünlerin üretimlerinde kullanım alanına sahiptir. Türkiye‘de ise bunlara ek olarak şalgam suyu ve turşu üretiminde de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kırmızı pancar özellikle, sodyum, potasyum, magnezyum, kalsiyum ve fosfor gibi mineraller açısından zengin olup ayrıca demir ve selenyumda içermektedir. Ayrıca; antioksidan etki gösteren fenolik maddelerden, betalain ve flavonoid açısından da son derece zengindir. Bu çalışmada; kırmızı pancarın dış kabuğundan ve etli iç kısmından farklı çözücüler (etanol, metanol ve distile su) kullanılarak elde edilen ekstraktların bazı gıda patojenleri üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkisi disk difüzyon metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; en fazla antimikrobiyal etki 17 mm dilüsyon çapı ile Listeria monocytogenes‘a karşı kırmızı pancarın kabuk kısmından elde edilen su ekstratında gözlemlenmiştir. Bu değeri, 16 mm dilüsyon çapı ile Pseudomonas aeroginosa‘a karşı yine kırmızı pancarın iç kısmından elde edilen metanol ekstraktı izlemektedir. En düşük MIC ve MBC değerleri sırasıyla 23,44 ve 31,25 μg / mL değerleriyle pancar kabuğu metanol ekstraktı Enterobacter aerogenes üzerinde olmuştur. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar, Eucast (The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) ve CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) laboratuvarlarının referans değerleri ile test edilen patojen mikroorganizmaların ekstraktlara karşı dirençlilik ve duyarlılık dereceleri belirlenmiştir.

The effect of Mentha viridis and Apium graveolens leaves on growth of Beta vulgaris var. cilica

The experimental was carried out to study the effect of Mentha viridis and Apium graveolensleaves by 5, 10 gm/kg soil that added then to soil alone and 5, 10 gm/kg soil together on growth of Beta vulgaris plants. The results showed that increased significantly germination accelerator, plant height leaves number fresh and dry maters, chlorophyll content, absolute growth rate, inflorescence number, fertilizer efficiency while the N, P, K and Fe increased in all the treatment plants compared with control plants.

Expanding Knowledge of the Host Range of Tomato chlorosis virus and Host Plant Preference of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1.

The crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is often found infecting tomato crops in Brazil, with variable incidence, but associated with prevalence of its primary vector, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. ToCV control is difficult because there are no resistant commercial tomato varieties or hybrids available and chemical spray for control of the whitefly vector has not been effective. The present study evaluated the partial host range of a Brazilian isolate of ToCV and the preference of B. tabaci MEAM1 for oviposition on those species identified as susceptible to the virus. Subsequently, transmission tests were performed using plants of each ToCV host species as sources of inoculum to elucidate the epidemiological importance of nontomato sources of inoculum for infection of tomato. Among 80 species experimentally inoculated, 25 were susceptible, including 6 previously not known to be hosts (Jaltomata procumbens, Physalis pruinosa, Solanum aculeatissimum, S. viarum, Beta vulgaris var. cicla, and Chenopodium quinoa). Preference of whitefly for oviposition and infection by ToCV under free-choice transmission tests varied among the susceptible species. When ToCV-infected tomato, eggplant, and C. quinoa were used separately as sources of inoculum for virus transmission to tomato plants, mean percentages of infected plants were 76.6, 3, and 0%, respectively. Average oviposition of Bemisia tabaci on these three hosts were 2.7, 10.6, and 0.0 eggs/cm2, respectively. Additional studies will be necessary to evaluate the importance of ToCV host plants under field conditions and their efficiency as sources of inoculum for virus acquisition and transmission to tomato crops.

Effects of different media on the growth and yield of Swiss chard (Beta vulgarisvar. cicla) grown in hydroponics

Decline in the availability of suitable land and good fertile soil for vegetable production due to climate change, urbanisation and increasing population has resulted in studies to find alternative media that can be used to grow high value crops such as Swiss chard. The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Department Greenhouses of the University of Eswatini, Luyengo Campus to determine the growth and yield of Swiss chard using different growing media. The treatments were laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated four times. The media treatments consisted of sand, sawdust and mixture of sand and vermiculite (1:1). The results showed that Swiss chard grown in sawdust performed better than those in the other growing media and gave significantly (P<0.05) higher fresh yield (227.7 g/plant), root length (25 cm/plant) and the highest chlorophyll content (48.9µmol m2). Plants grown using sand had the lowest fresh yield (58.3 g/plant), root length (11.9 cm/plant) and the chlorophyll content (17.49 µmol m2). The results showed that Swiss chard production in hydroponics using sawdust resulted in higher yields and therefore should be recommended to farmers for use. Not only is it the best in production of Swiss chard but it is also readily available at low cost and re-usable provided it is treated. Keywords: Growing media, hydroponics, Swiss chard, food and nutritional security, sustainable development goals (SDGs), climate-smart agriculture

A Geometric Modeling of Tracheal Elements of the Chard (Beta vulgaris) Leaf

ABSTRACT: In this study, we give a geometric description of the tracheal elements of the chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.), which is a widespread cultivated plant in Turkey. It is used as an edible plant and its leaves are used as antidiabetic in traditional medicine plant. We have shown that the tracheal elements, which are taxonomic value of the plant, can be considered as a surface of revolution or a tubular shape along a special curve.

First report of Xanthomonas campestris causing black rot of chard in Cuba

In March 2016, leaves of chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) with blackened veins and v-shaped necrotic lesions on the leaf margins surrounded by yellow halos, were collected from plants growing in the “Organoponico” (a system of …

Effects of different media on the growth and yield of Swiss chard (Beta vulgarisvar. cicla) grown in hydroponics

Effects of different media on the growth and yield of Swiss chard (Beta vulgarisvar. cicla) grown in hydroponics

Influence of Date of Sowing and Number of Cuttings on Leaf Yield and Quality of Seed in Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bangalensis)

Influence of Date of Sowing and Number of Cuttings on Leaf Yield and Quality of Seed in Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bangalensis)

Cell ultrastructure and chlorophyll pigments in hyperhydric and non-hyperhydric Beta vulgaris var. Conditiva plantlets, treated with deuterium depleted water

Hyperhydricity can cause significant loss in the in vitro propagated plantlets. In order to predict and control its occurrence, a better understanding of the structural aspects and physiological features of hyperhydric plantlets is required. In this study, the ultrastructural and physiological changes associated with hyperhydric red beet plantlets were investigated. Our objective was to establish a correlation between the ultrastructural aspects of Beta vulgaris var. Conditiva leaflets and hypocotyls and the content of chlorophyll pigments extracted in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) of two type of plantlets: hyperhydric from a basal culture medium Murashige and Skoog (JAMA 15:473–497, 1962) prepared with distilled water (DW—155 ppm Deuterium) and non-hyperhydric, cultivated on identical medium where distilled water was replaced with deuterium depleted water (DDW- 25 ppm Deuterium) as a method of preventing hyperhydricity. Cell ultrastructure in hyperhydricity, both from the leaves, but especially from hypocotyls, showed denatured chloroplasts in a myxoplasm mass formed by the damage of the tonoplast and the mixing of the cytoplasm with the vacuolar juice. The nuclei were picnotic, presenting paranucleolar corpuscles. The amount of assimilating pigments was significantly reduced in the plantlets grown on medium prepared with DW as compared to the normal, non-hyperhydric ones from medium prepared with DDW. Both evaluations showed that, in red beet, DDW also prevents the appearance of hyperhydricity.

Sustainable nutrients: Vermicompost, a tool to additivate aquaponic systems

Sustainable nutrients: Vermicompost, a tool to additivate aquaponic systems

Selection of Indicator Species of the Tembotrione Sorption in Soils with Different Attributes

ABSTRACT: Studies on herbicide behavior in soils may be performed using biological and chemical methods. The efficiency of the biological method depends on the indicator species sensitivity to low herbicide concentrations in the soil solution. Among the herbicides commonly used in Brazil for corn cultivation, tembotrione stands out. In the last agricultural seasons, the intoxication of some crops when cultivated in succession to corn has been reported, which may be attributed to tembotrione recommendations without the knowledge of their interactions with colloids of tropical soils. In this research, we selected an indicator plant species of tembotrione residues in the soil after sorting 12 species. The sorption of this herbicide was estimated in two Oxisols (Latossolo Amarelo and Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, Brazilian Soil Classification) and in a Histosol (Organossolo, Brazilian Soil Classification) with different attributes. Initially, after sorting the 12 plant species, the two most efficient in detecting tembotrione in the soil were selected. In the second stage, the most sensitive species was selected. In the third stage, tembotrione sorption was assessed in the three soils by using the selected species. Among the 12 species, Beta vulgaris and Brassica oleracea var. capitata were the most efficient in detecting tembotrione at low concentrations in the soil, being B. vulgaris (beet) the most sensitive. Thus, due to its ease of cultivation, high sensitivity, and fast initial growth, beet can be used as an indicator species of tembotrione presence in the soil solution. The sorption of this herbicide was higher in the Histosol and it is directly related to the organic matter content.

CHARD (BETA VULGARIS VAR. CICLA) EXTRACT MODULATES ZINC STATUS, GLUCOSE LEVEL AND ANTIOXYDANT VALUES IN DIABETIC RATS FED ZINC DEFICIENCY DIET

Objective: Oxidative stress which comes from hyperglycemia, it accelerates the development of cellular and vascular damage complications in diabetes, but the antioxidants may play a beneficial role in its prevention. Several plants extracts have an antioxidant activity and the ability to reduce oxidative stress in diabetes. Thus this study was conducted to investigate the effect of Beta vulgaris var cicla extract on zinc status, glucose concentration and antioxidant parameters in streptozotocin-diabetic rats fed zinc deficiency diet.Methods: Twenty-eight male albino (Wistar) rats were divided into four groups: two groups fed a zinc-sufficient diet one non-diabetic and the other diabetic, while the others two diabetic groups were fed a zinc-deficient diet, one non-treated group and the other treated with the extract of Beta vulgaris var cicla. After 21 d of dietary manipulation, fasting animals were scarified. Blood glucose, tissues zinc (femur, liver, kidney), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were evaluated.Results: Body weight gain of zinc-deficient diabetic animals was lower than that of zinc-adequate diabetic animals. It was noticed also that inadequate dietary zinc intake increased glucose and MDA levels. In addition, zinc deficiency diet led to a decrease in zinc tissues, GSH concentration both GST and GSH-Px activities. However, Oral administration of Beta vulgaris extract significantly decreased both serum glucose and MDA (p<0.001) levels, with a significant increase in body weight gain (p<0.001), GSH concentration (p<0.05, P<0.001), GST (p<0.05, p<0.001) and GSH-Px (p<0.001) activities.Conclusion: The present study showed that Beta vulgaris var cicla supplementation presumably acting as an antioxidant, and it can be a natural source for the reduction of diabetes development caused by zinc deficiency.

Effect of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) as Nitrite Replacement on Color Stability and Shelf-Life of Cooked Pork Patties during Refrigerated Storage.

In this study, the effects of pre-converted nitrite from Swiss chard powder (PS) on the color stability and shelf-life of cooked pork patties during refrigerated storage for 28 d were investigated. Nitrite was added at a concentration of approximately 120 ppm. Five treatments were formulated as follows: Control (120 ppm nitrite), T1 (2% PS), T2 (2% pre-converted nitrite from celery powder; PC), T3 (1% PS + 60 ppm nitrite), and NC (nitrite-free). The T1 and T3 samples had higher nitrosoheme pigment contents, which were associated with the redness of the samples (p<0.05). T1 resulted in the highest redness value (p<0.05). The redness and yellowness of the cooked pork patties increased with increasing PS levels. The pH of the samples subjected to all treatments decreased with progress of the storage period (p<0.05). The pH of the T1 and T3 samples treated with PS was lower (p<0.05) than that obtained with other treatments, as PS has a lower pH value. The treatments in which PS was added were most effective for reducing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the residual nitrite content relative to the control. T1 resulted in the highest flavor, off-flavor, and overall acceptability scores during storage (p<0.05). The total viable bacterial count for all treatments was below 1 Log CFU/g, and E. coli and coliform bacteria were not detected during storage. Therefore, these results suggested that pre-converted nitrite from Swiss chard powder is a potential replacement for nitrite in meat products.

Effect of Boron, Potassium and Calcium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Two Sugar Beet Varieties under Sandy Soil Conditions

Two field experiments were carried out at Wadi El-Noran Farm, Al-Abtal Village, Eastern Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate (latitude of 300 18 N and longitude of 320 30 E) in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to evaluate the performance of two mono-germ sugar beet varietiesnamely Nancy and Karim (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera L.), as affected by the applications of boron, potassium and calcium fertilization whither as single element application or as a mixture of the three elements on growth, yield and quality of sugar beet under sandy soil settings. The treatments were arranged in split plots design with four replicates where varieties were arranged in main plots and the mineral spray applications were arranged in sub-plots. The present work included ten treatments represent the interactions between the two sugar beet varieties and five combinations of three elements including the following: 1. without application of elements (control), 2. Application of 150 ppm boron/fed (as boric acid 17% boron), 3. Application of 2 L potassium/fed (as potassien-P compound including 30% K2O + 8% P2O5/l), 4. Application of one liter of calcium/fed as form of compound Calso-x (8% chelated calcium as calcium carbamide, claw on humic acid 10% and free amino acid 3%), 5. Application of the combination of (potassium + boron + calcium) at the previously mentioned levels. The fertilization treatments were given as foliar application/400 liter water/fed, Results indicated that Karim variety had the highest values in Leaf area index, root and foliage fresh weighs (g/plant), total dry weight (g/plant), as well as root and extracted sugar yields(t/fed). Meantime, Nancy had surpassed Karim in sucrose%, extracted sugar% and quality index%.Foliar application of sole and combined applications of the three elements was significantly affected in leaf area index, root and foliage fresh weighs g/plant, and total dray weight g/plant compared to untreated. Fertilizing sugar beet by mixture of potassium +Boron + Calcium recorded a important increase in root and extracted sugar yields/fed and sucrose% as compared to untreated. Karim variety achieved the highest value of extracted sugar yield/fed when treated by mixture application of (B, K and Ca) while, untreated Nancy variety gave the lowest value. It could be recommend that fertilizing Karim variety by mixture of 150 ppm B+ 2 L potassien-P + one L Ca/400 L water/fed as foliar application to get the maximum of root and sugar yields/fed under this experimental conditions.

Rhizosphere effects of Loliumperenne L. and Beta vulgaris var. cicla L. on the immobilization of Cd by modified nanoscale black carbon in contaminated soil

Purpose The choice and stability of the immobilization agents in in situ remediation of heavy metal-polluted soil is particularly important. This study aimed at investigating the rhizosphere effects of different plants on the immobilization stability of Cd by modified nanoscale carbon black (MBC) in contaminated soil.

C-Glycosyl Flavonoids from Beta vulgaris Cicla and Betalains from Beta vulgaris rubra: Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Activities-A Review.

The green beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and red beetroot (B. vulgaris var. rubra L.) contain phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on human health. Specifically, the green beet contains apigenin, vitexin, vitexin-2-O-xyloside and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, while the red beetroot is a source of betaxanthins and betacyanins. These phytochemicals show considerable antioxidant activity, as well as antiinflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, in combination with betaxanthins and betacyanins, exerts antiproliferative activity in breast, liver, colon and bladder cancer cell lines, through the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. A significant body of evidence also points to the role of these phytochemicals in the downregulation of the pro-survival genes, baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 and catenin beta-1, as well as the genes controlling angiogenesis, hypoxia inducible factor 1A and vascular endothelial growth factor A. The multi-target action of these phytochemicals enhances their anticancer activity. Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, betaxanthins and betacyanins can be used in combination with conventional anticancer drugs to reduce their toxicity and overcome the multidrug resistance of cancer cells. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms that enable these dietary phytochemicals to block the proliferation of tumor cells and inhibit their pro-survival pathways. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Antiproliferative activity of vitexin-2-O-xyloside and avenanthramides on CaCo-2 and HepG2 cancer cells occurs through apoptosis induction and reduction of pro-survival mechanisms.

CaCo-2 colon cancer cells and HepG2 liver cancer cells represent two malignant cell lines, which show a high resistance to apoptosis induced by the conventional anticancer drugs. Vitexin-2-O-xyloside (XVX) and avenanthramides (AVNs) are naturally occurring dietary agents from Beta vulgaris var. cicla L. and Avena sativa L., respectively. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiproliferative effects and the reduction of the pro-survival mechanisms exerted by XVX and AVNs, used individually and in combination, in CaCo-2 and HepG2 cancer cells. XVX and AVNs were isolated by liquid chromatography and characterized by HPLC-PDA-MS. The XVX and AVN antiproliferative effects were evaluated through sulforhodamine B method, while their pro-apoptotic effects through caspase activity assays. RTqPCR was used to investigate the modulation of the pro-survival factors baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), hypoxia inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA). Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) was investigated by means of DCFH-DA assay, whereas chemical antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the ORAC method. XVX and AVNs, both individually and in combination, inhibited the proliferation of CaCo-2 and HepG2 cancer cells, through activation of caspases 9, 8, and 3. XVX and AVNs downregulated the pro-survival genes BIRC5, HIF1A, and VEGFA. The CAA assay showed that AVNs exhibited strong antioxidant activity inside both CaCo-2 and HepG2 cells. The antiproliferative activity of the XVX + AVNs mixture represents an innovative treatment, which is effective against two types of cancer cells characterized by high resistance to the conventional anticancer drugs.