Benzenedicarboxylic Acid Research Articles

General synthesis of hierarchical sheet/plate-like M-BDC (M = Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zr) metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensing.

Two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) are an attractive platform to develop new kinds of catalysts because of their structural tunability and large specific surface area that exposes numerous active sites. In this work, we report a general method to synthesize benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC)-based MOFs with hierarchical 3D morphologies composed of 2D nanosheets or nanoplates. In our proposed strategy, acetonitrile helps solvate the metal ions in solution and affects the morphology, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) serves as a shape-control agent to assist in the nucleation and growth of MOF nanosheets. PVP also acts as a depletion agent to drive the assembly of the hierarchical sheet/plate-like M-BDC under solvothermal conditions. Further, we also demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed method using numerous coordinating metal ions (M = Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zr). The potential of these MOFs for electrochemical glucose sensing is examined using the hierarchical sheet-like Ni-BDC MOF as the optimum sample. It drives the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose over a wide range (0.01 mM to 0.8 mM) with high sensitivity (635.9 μA mM−1 cm−2) in the absence of modification with carbon or the use of conductive substrates. It also demonstrates good selectivity with low limit of detection (LoD = 6.68 μM; signal/noise = 3), and fast response time (<5 s).

Inside polyMOFs: layered structures in polymer-based metal-organic frameworks.

In this report, we explore the internal structural features of polyMOFs consisting of equal mass ratios of metal-coordinating poly(benzenedicarboxylic acid) blocks and non-coordinating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blocks. The studies reveal alternating lamellae of metal-rich, crystalline regions and metal-deficient non-crystalline polymer, which span the length of hundreds of nanometers. Polymers consisting of random PEG blocks, PEG end-blocks, or non-coordinating poly(cyclooctadiene) (COD) show similar alternation of metal-rich and metal-deficient regions, indicating a universal self-assembly mechanism. A variety of techniques were employed to interrogate the internal structure of the polyMOFs, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and small-angle synchrotron X-ray scattering (SAXS). Independent of the copolymer architecture or composition, the internal structure of the polyMOF crystals showed similar lamellar self-assembly at single-nanometer length scales.

Construction of a polyMOF using a polymer ligand bearing the benzenedicarboxylic acid moiety in the side chain

Here we report a new synthetic strategy of a polyMOF consisting of a side chain ligand polymer. The polyMOF was consisting of a crystalline MOF-like structure in the polymer despite its film form.

Bimetal-organic frameworks (Cux-Cr100-x–MOF) as a stable and efficient catalyst for synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one and 14-phenyl-14H-dibenzo [a, j] xanthene

Successful three-dimensional bimetallic metal organic frameworks with different Cu/Cr ratios have been prepared under solvothermal conditions using chromium nitrate and copper nitrate as a bimetal and 1, 4 benzene dicarboxylic acid as an organic linker. Numerous techniques were used to characterize the resulting samples such as XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, SEM-EDS and FT-IR measurements. Combination of Cu and Cr in the same framework will cause some deformation in the structure and decrease in the surface area and pore size distribution. This decrease may be due to the incorporated copper have higher atomic weight than chromium ion. The acidic properties can be measured by non-aqueous titration. The catalytic performance of bimetallic MOFs was confirmed through the synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one and 14-Phenyl-14H-dibenzo [a, j] xanthene. pure Cu-BDC and Cr-MIL-101 possesses a relatively lower surface acidity as well as lower catalytic activity. It surprising that, the combination between copper and chromium in the same framework can significantly enhance the acidity and catalytic activity of the as-synthesized catalysts which may be due to the synergetic effect.

Scleral Lens Sensor for Ocular Electrolyte Analysis.

The quantitative analysis of tear analytes in point-of-care settings can enable early diagnosis of ocular diseases. Here, a fluorescent scleral lens sensor is developed to quantitatively measure physiological levels of pH, Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and Zn2+ ions. Benzenedicarboxylic acid, a pH probe, displays a sensitivity of 0.12 pH units within pH 7.0-8.0. Crown ether derivatives exhibit selectivity to Na+ and K+ ions within detection ranges of 0-100 and 0-50 mmol L-1 , and selectivities of 15.6 and 8.1 mmol L-1 , respectively. A 1,2 bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,-N',N'-tetraacetic-acid-based probe allows Ca2+ ion sensing with 0.02-0.05 mmol L-1 sensitivity within 0.50-1.25 mmol L-1 detection range. 5-Oxazolecarboxylic acid senses Mg2+ ions, exhibiting a sensitivity of 0.10-0.44 mmol L-1 within the range of 0.5-0.8 mmol L-1 . The N-(2-methoxyphenyl)iminodiacetate Zn2+ ion sensor has a sensitivity of 1 µmol L-1 within the range of 10-20 µmol L-1 . The fluorescent sensors are subsequently multiplexed in the concavities of an engraved scleral lens. A handheld ophthalmic readout device comprising light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and bandpass filters is fabricated to excite as well as read the scleral sensor. A smartphone camera application and an user interface are developed to deliver quantitative measurements with data deconvolution. The ophthalmic system enables the assessment of dry eye severity stages and the differentiation of its subtypes.

‎“Sukuday” As a Dangerous Unknown Drink: A Fatal Case at Cotonou

Energy drinks have been around for a long time, but they have just become popular in the markets in the last few years. This is a case report on fatal toxicity involving suicidal ingestion of a traditional energy drink called “Sukuday”. An autopsy of the corpse was done and it revealed multi-organ congestion and the presence of spume in the respiratory tract. The toxicological analyses of a sample of Sukuday revealed essentially alcans (C14 -C31).C24 H38 O4 probably 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester also called (Diisooctyl Phthalate, DIOP) was found at 22.8%, or the C16H22O4 (1, 2 Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono [2 ethylhexyl]) ester also called (Mono [2-ethylhexyl] phthalate, MEHP). Traces of oxycodone were detected and identified by UPLC DAD/UV and confirmed in GC-MS. The literature on the toxicity of such substances was discussed. This case report is a description of a problem, which has become a public health problem.

Investigation of Potential Amorphisation and Co-Amorphisation Behaviour of the Benzene Di-Carboxylic Acids upon Cryo-Milling.

Multi-component formulations offer a way to modulate the physico-chemical properties of drug molecules and thereby enhance their efficacy as medicines compared to using only the raw drug, with mechano-chemical synthesis being an increasingly popular way to create these novel materials in a research setting. However, to date studies have focussed on employing pharmaceutically acceptable components, which has led to the literature featuring chemically diverse pairings of drug and excipient. Here we investigate the outcome of cryo-milling and co-cryo-milling of a series of three simple geometrical isomers of benzene di-carboxylic acid with a view to developing a chemically simple model system to investigate areas including cryo-milling, co-cryo-milling, co-amorphous formulation, etc. All three single-component materials exhibit differing behaviour upon cryo-milling and subsequent storage, as do the two-component mixtures. The surprisingly differing behaviours of these chemically similar species upon cryo-milling and co-cryo-milling suggest that molecular chemistry may not be the dominant influence on the outcome of mechano-chemical syntheses, and that other properties should be explored to develop a predictive model for the outcomes of these types of reactions.

“Sukuday” A dangerous unknown drink: A fatal case at Cotonou

Energy drinks have been around for a long time, but they have only just become popular in the markets in the last few years. This is a case report on a fatal toxicity involving suicidal ingestion of a traditional energy drink called “Sukuday”. An autopsy of the corpse was done and revealed multi-organ congestion and the presence of spume in the respiratory tract. The toxicological analyses of a sample of sukuday revealed essentially alcans (C14-C31). C24 H38 O4 probably 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester also called (Diisooctyl phtalate, DIOP) was found at 22.8%, or the C16 H22 O4(1,2 Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2 ethylhexyl)) ester also called (Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, MEHP). Traces of oxycodone were detected and identified by UPLC DAD / UV and confirmed in GC-MS. A literature of the toxicity of such substances was discussed. This case report is a description of a problem which becomes a public health problem. Keywords: Sukuday, Fatal toxicity, Autopsy, Oxycodone, Alcans.

Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack.

Tomato is an important food item and a cocktail of phytonutrients. In the current study, metabolites from a non-pathogenic fungal species Penicillium oxalicum have been exploited to obtain nutritionally augmented tomato fruits from the plants to better withstand against Alternaria alternata infection. Initially, bioactivity-guided assay and chromatographic analyses identified the bioactive metabolites of P. oxalicum [benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDA) and benzimidazole]. Then, ≥3 times elevated quantities of vitamins and other nutritional elements (protein, fat, fibers, and carbohydrates) were achieved by the foliar application of BDA. The maximum increase (625.81%) was recorded in riboflavin contents; however, thiamine showed the second highest enhancement (542.86%). Plant metabolites analysis revealed that jasmonic acid contents were boosted 121.53% to significantly enhance guaiacyl lignin defenses along with the reduction in coumarin contents. The protein profile analysis explored three most actively responding protein species toward BDA applications, (i) palmitoyltransferase protein Q9FLM3; (ii) serine/threonine-protein kinase O48814; and (iii) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Q9FJQ8. The O48814 improved plant defenses; whereas, Q9FJQ8 protein was negatively regulating cysteine-type endopeptidase activity and assisted plant to resist schedule alterations. Tomato cultivar with more active innate metabolism was found to be more responsive toward BDA. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds were enriched by using the two-step extraction method of ethyl acetate and chloroform, respectively. Penicillium oxalicum a non-pathogenic fungal species, produced BDA, induced nutritional contents in tomato and protected it against Alternaria alternata. The current study is the first report on the bioactivity of BDA and benzimidazole concerning the nutritional enhancement and plant defense improvement. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Two Geometrical Isomers of a 1D Coordination Polymer: Rationalization by Theoretical Calculations and Variation of Electrical Properties with the Change in Binding Mode of Dicarboxylate Linker

The joining of bimetallic trinuclear nodes, [(CuL1)2Cd] (where H2L1 = N,N′-bis(α-methylsalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine) by a spacer, 4,4′-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2L2), produced two isomeric one...

High lithium anodic performance of flower-like carbon nanoflakes derived from MOF based on double ligands

Carbon-based anode materials with unique structure, high electrical conductivity, high Li storage performance and excellent cycling stability are promising alternatives to traditional graphite anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here we report a flower-like carbon material with hierarchical structure that is prepared by carbonization of a flower-like Zn-based metal-organic framework (MOF). The 2D layered MOF network precursor, namely [Zn(BDC)(MelM)·(DMF)] (BDC = benzene dicarboxylic acid, MelM = 2-Methylimidazole), is constructed using two ligands under solvothermal conditions. As an anode material for LIBs, these carbon nanoflakes exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance (capacity, cyclability, and rate capability); the capacity of 902.5 mAh g−1 was retained after 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The remarkable performance results from the unique morphology of carbon nanoflakes which is beneficial for infiltration of electrolyte and the transportation of Li ions.

Evaluation of insecticidal activity of nanoformulation of Melia azedarach (leaf) extract as a safe environmental insecticide

Continued use of chemical pesticides causes environmental pollution in Iran and other countries. The use of botanical compounds such as plant extracts is considered as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. In this study, insecticidal activities of the nanoencapsulated leaf extracts of Melia azedarach of Iranian origin were evaluated for the first time. In the current study, the chemical composition of Melia extract and insecticidal activities of the plant extract and coated nanoliposomes on adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Myzus persicae were evaluated. Results indicated that the Melia extract (uncoated nanoliposomes and coated nanoliposomes) is more toxic to the T. vaporariorum. The nanoencapsulated M. azedarach (leaf) extract morphology was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The results of TEM and OM indicated that the morphology of nanoencapsulated Melia (leaf) extract is in spherical shape. The major components in plant extract were as follows: benzenedicarboxylic acid (41.307%), ethyl benzoate (16.18%) and isoxazole (6.13%). The fumigant toxicity of nanoencapsulated M. azedarach had an ordered relationship with the concentration and time exposure. Probit analysis showed that the LC50 values of plant extract for T. vaporariorum and M. persicae were 492.85 and 547.65 ppm for 48-h exposure, respectively. The mortality percentage of Trialeurodes vaporariorum by pure plant extract and plant extract of Melia azedarach loaded nanoliposomes for 20 days after the production of pesticides 13% and 83% were obtained, respectively. The overall results indicated that nanoencapsulated M. azedarach extract has high potential in controlling pests.

Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potentials of Axis Sea Bamboo (Isis hippuris)

Secondary metabolites of the axis section (modulla skeleton) of sea bamboo (Isis hippuris) were identified by GC-MS. The dominant compounds using GC-MS in the ethanol fraction were hexanedioic acid (11.85%), acetamide (9.46%), n-hexadecanoic acid (9.22%) and thiosulfuric acid (7.22%). On the other side, the dominant compounds of the test results in the ethyl acetate fraction were 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0] heptanes (28.27%), 1,2- benzene dicarboxylic acid (14.77%), cis-8-(N-pyrrolidyl)-(2,2,5,5-tetradeutero)bicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,7-diene (9.98%), hexahydropyridine (7,86%). The dominant compounds of the n-hexane fraction were hexanedioic acid (41.99%), azetidine with a peak number of 40 (9.98%), 1-octadecene (8,36%). Antioxidant activities were also evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay. The ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed total flavonoid contents of 7.86% ± 0.12, 12.97% ± 0.36, 1.88% ± 0.26, respectively and the IC50 in the antioxidant assay were 480.25±74,74, 469.50±19,13, 3221.07±138,69 respectively.&#x0D; Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 13-20, 2019 (June)

Metal-organic frameworks cavity size effect on the extraction of organic pollutants

Zirconium Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, UiO-66 and UiO-67) have been used for the removal from aqueous solutions of persistent fluorinated pollutants, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). The two isostructural materials differ in cavity size, defined by the ligand, bdc (benzene-dicarboxylic acid) or bpdc (biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid) for UiO-66 and UiO-67 respectively. Both materials enable efficient sorption of PFOA and PFOS. Sorption kinetics and isotherms have been experimentally determined, and thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° have been determined. UiO-67 shows higher sorption capacities (up to 743 mg·g−1 for PFOA and 585 mg·g−1 for PFOS) compared to these of UiO-66 (388 and 160 mg·g−1 for the sorption of PFOA and PFOS respectively) with a change in the sorption mechanism.

Antifungal potential of native Trichoderma isolates against Pythium aphanidermatum causing Chilli damping-off

Efficacy of 23 Trichoderma isolates was tested for their ability to reduce the growth of Pythium aphanidermatum causing damping-off of chilli. Studies revealed that locally isolated Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest inhibition (98.1%) followed by T. asperellum (88.8%), T. hamatum (86.6%), T. longibrachiatum (85.2%) and T. koningiopsis (84.3%) and other Trichoderma spp. against the growth of P. aphanidermatum. Highly potential five isolates of Trichoderma were selected for pot culture evaluation for germination %, pre and post-emergence damping-off and growth parameter of chilli seedlings. Among five Trichoderma isolates, seed treatment with T. harzianum at 2×108 CFU ml−1 recorded highest germination (93.7%), shoot length (10.03 cm) and root length (05.65 cm) and was also better in reducing the pre and post emergence damping-off (84.3% and 85.0%, respectively) followed by T. asperellum and rest of the treatments. The antimicrobial volatile compounds isolated from T. harzianum were 6 pentyl-α-Pyrone, Heneicosane, Harzianic acid and 1, 2 Benzene dicarboxylic acid.

Secondary metabolite Constituents, Antimicrobial Activity and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy Profile of Bombax buonopozense P. Beauv.(Bombacaceae) Stem bark Extract

This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity and structural characteristics using GC-MS of bioactive constituents from the stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense. Secondary metabolite constituents was assayed using standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar diffusion method to determine the susceptibility of these microorganisms: (Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Streptococcus faecials, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 8263), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella tiphi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Candida albican (ATCC 90029), Aspergillusniger and Phytophera megakarya. EtOAc fraction was chromatographed on silica column to afford oil isolate and its chemical structures were proven with the employment of GC-MS. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, steroids, terpenoids, anthraquinone, phenols and alkaloids. The antimicrobial sensitivity test showed higher activity on Candida albican, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, moderate to little activity on the rest organisms. The GC-MS of the stem bark oil extract revealed the main constituents as: 1, 2 Benzenedicarboxylic acid 4.10%, Diisobutyl phthalate 1.18%, Dibutyl phthalate 0.72%, Lupenone 0.62%, Lupeol 4.93%, Lupenyl acetate 86.28%, Testosterone decanoate 0.87% and 3-O-Acetyl-6-methylcycloartenol 0.67%. The findings indicate stem bark extract has bioactive compounds which may be effective in the treatment of infection diseases.

Metamagnetism in Nanosheets of CoII-MOF with TN at 26 K and a Giant Hysteretic Effect at 5 K.

Herein, we have synthesized at room-temperature two-dimensional nanosheets of a MOF comprised ofcobalt(II) ion withbenzenedicarboxylic acid ligand, which exhibited unusual magnetic properties. Direct-current magnetic susceptibility revealed an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at 26 K (Néel temperature, TN) followed by a canting of the spin moments along with the concomitant appearance of a sigmoidal-shaped magnetization versus field ( M- H) curve at 15 K. Such a canted AFM ordering led to nonzero remnant magnetization with a remarkably high coercive field of ∼10 kOe at 5 K. Metamagnetism was further substantiated by the alternating-current magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Synthesis of pyrroles catalyzed by MIL-53(Al) via Paal-Knorr reaction under mild condition

Metal-organic framework MIL-53(Al) was synthesized by a solvothermal method using aluminium nitrate as the aluminium source and 1,4- benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) as the organic ligand. The structure of MIL-53(Al) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The catalytic activity and recyclability of MIL-53(Al) catalyst were evaluated based on the Paal-Knorr reaction between aniline and acetonylacetone. The reaction conditions were optimized and the results showed that the MIL-53(Al) catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity and recyclability based on the PaalKnorr reaction. With the molar ratio of MIL-53(Al) catalyst of 10 mol %, the molar ratio of aniline and acetonylacetone of 1:1.2, and without solvents, the conversion of aniline could reach 100 % and the selectivity of 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole has high yield (95-100 %) after 2 hours by ultrasound activation. The MIL-53(Al) catalyst can be reused five times without significant degradation in the catalytic activity.

Application of three-dimensional electrofenton process using MWCNTs-Fe3O4 nanocomposite for removal of diclofenac

Abstract The electrochemical removal of diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solution was investigated by three-dimensional electrofenton (3DEF) process using Ti/TiO2-RuO2 anode electrode in the presence of composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle. The response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the effects of different variables on the removal of DCF. Based on the experimental results, an empirical relationship between response and independent variables was obtained and expressed by a quadratic polynomial equation. Maximum DCF removal was 98.52% in optimum conditions at initial pH of 5.56, DCF concentration of 6.71 mg/L, the current density of 19.74 mA/cm2, MWCNTs-Fe3O4 concentration of 58.33 mg/L, and electrolysis time of 82.24 min. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and H2O2 production in the 3DEF system were much higher than other electrocatalytic processes. This is related to the presence of MWCNTs-Fe3O4 as a particle electrode that can activate the molecular oxygen for higher production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH). The MWCNTs-Fe3O4 nanocomposite indicated a high degree of stability and reusability. Additionally, 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) indolin-2-one, 2,6- dicholoaniline, 2,4- dichlorophenol, and 1,2- benzene dicarboxylic acid were identified as main oxidation products after 60 min reaction. Based on the reaction intermediate identified, a possible pathway for the electrochemical oxidation of DCF by the 3DEF process was proposed. Eventually, the 3DEF system with MWCNTs-Fe3O4 particle electrodes can be considered as a viable alternative for DCF removal from aqueous solution.

Identification and isolation of antimicrobial compounds from the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L: In silico and in vitro approaches

The modern people are preparing the natural medicines from the plants and their parts for curing various diseases. The present study was chosen Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers to analyze its antimicrobial capabilities against venereal diseases causing pathogens. In this study, the antimicrobial activity performed in different solvents prepared flower extracts using agar well diffusion method. Among the extracts, the methanolic flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis shows better results than other solvents extracts. The extract analysed by GC-MS which was exposes seven bioactive molecules. These bioactive molecules were docked with N. gonorrhoea protein. Finally, benzene dicarboxylic acid had best glide docking XP scores −7.955 with better binding energy values (−38.692 kcal/mol) than other ligand molecules. Hence, this molecule was isolated from the flowers of H. rosa-sinensis. After that, the different concentrations of 1,2 benzene dicarboxylic acid were tested on human diseases causing microbial strains. There, all the levels were showed good anti-gonorrhoeal activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Hence this study suggested that 1,2 benzene dicarboxylic acid could be used as a better drug candidate for venereal diseases.