Benign Mixed Tumor Research Articles

Clinical and Dermoscopic Characteristics of Cutaneous Chondroid Syringoma: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Cutaneous chondroid syringoma (CS) is a rare benign mixed skin tumor originating from sweat glands. Despite its rarity, accurate diagnosis and management are crucial due to its potential for malignant transformation. Objective: This study aims to provide comprehensive insights into the main features of cutaneous CS, encompassing its epidemiology, clinical presentation, and particularly, dermoscopic findings. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant literature on CS up to November 2023. Data extraction included clinical and histopathological characteristics from case reports and small case series. Results: The systematic review identified 347 unique CS cases, predominantly benign. Clinical features included a predilection for the head and neck region, with variations in morphology observed. Dermoscopic patterns, although limited, revealed recurrent features aiding diagnosis. Malignant CS cases constituted a notable subset, exhibiting distinct clinical and histopathological features. Conclusion: Cutaneous chondroid syringoma presents with characteristic clinical and histopathological features, necessitating comprehensive diagnostic approaches. Dermoscopy emerges as a valuable tool, although further research is needed to establish definitive patterns. Treatment primarily involves wide local excision, with collaboration among clinicians essential for optimal management. Future studies are warranted to address existing knowledge gaps and enhance understanding of this rare skin neoplasm.

Ectopic pleomorphic adenoma upper lip: a case report

Pleomorphic Adenomas (PA) are benign mixed tumours, commonly found in Parotid Salivary glands but rarely these tumours have been reported in Oro buccal, Oro dental and palatal glands We report a case of PA in upper lip at Philtrum. A 62 years female reported our Canwin Hospital Gurgaon with a painless, progressively growing lump on her lip for last so many years, after proper investigation, lump was enucleated, sent for histopathological examination. Pathologist report was Pleomorphic Adenoma. A brief review of literature is presented.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma with a congenitally missing mandibular second molar : a rare case report

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor predominantly occurring in children. This tumor is often asymptomatic and associated with disturbances in tooth eruption. We present the case of a 7-year-old boy who exhibited delayed eruption of his left mandibular first molar, attributable to AFO with a congenitally missing mandibular second molar. Radiographs revealed a well-defined, ovoid, radiolucent lesion containing sparse calcified materials in the left posterior mandible. To the best of our knowledge, few reports have documented AFO in conjunction with the congenital absence of a permanent tooth. This case is discussed along with a review of relevant literature.

Pleomorphic Adenoma: Case Series and Literature Review

Pleomorphic adenoma, usually referred to as a ‘benign mixed tumor,’ is the ‘most prevalent’ salivary gland neoplasm. It typically arises in the parotid gland, one of the main salivary glands, and has a limited development potential. Pleomorphic adenoma can also occur in minor salivary glands located in the pharynx, oral cavity, and other areas. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the histology, therapy, and clinical features of pleomorphic adenoma in a number of patients. This case series provides an overview of key characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pleomorphic adenoma. A review of the update of histogenesis is also explored. Pleomorphic adenoma is typically characterized by its histological diversity. Early diagnosis, accurate imaging, and surgical intervention are crucial for effective management and avoiding potential complications. Regular surveillance following treatment helps ensure optimal patient outcomes. Pleomorphic adenoma can grow to large sizes, if untreated and hamper normal function. Hence early diagnosis and treatment are needed. The varied histopathological presentation of pleomorphic adenoma makes the diagnosis challenging in certain cases. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment planning require a detailed history and clinical evaluation with radiographic and histopathological investigations. Thus, by documenting these instances, healthcare providers can enhance their ability to recognize and manage unusual presentations of the disease. This, in turn, helps in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection. Keywords - Benign mixed tumor, Histogenesis, Histopathology, Pleomorphic adenoma, Salivary glands

Characteristics Of Pleomorphic Adenoma at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Period 2017-2022

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumors) is the most common neoplasm affecting both major and minor salivary glands, slow growing, asymptomatic, and unilateral. The most affected location of the tumor is major salivary glands namely parotid glands and in minor salivary glands, it manifests in the intraoral, namely the palate region. This study aims to obtain information about the characteristics of patients with pleomorphic adenoma at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Methods: This study is a retrospective descriptive analysis method based on the medical data record of a patient who was diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma and undergoing treatment at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung period 2017 to 2022. The data obtained include age, gender, patient domicile, tumor predilection location, supporting examination, and definitive treatment. Results: The total participants in this study were 27 patients, with women 8 (70%), range at the age of 31-50 years old (30%). The majority of patients were from Bandung City (56%). Most of the lesion were found in major salivary glands was at parotid gland with 3 patient (10%) and in minor salivary was at the palate region with 18 patients (77%). Most common supporting examination used in this study were fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), panoramic x-ray, and CT scan, with definitive treatment received by the respondent were surgical excision. Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenomas are often occurred in women during third decade of life. The majority of the lesion occurred in minor salivary gland at the palate region. Surgical excision is most definitive treatment were performed. Keywords: Patient characteristics, pleomorphic Adenoma, salivary gland

DERMOSCOPIC FEATURE OF CHONDROID SYRINGOMA: ABOUT 2 CASES

Chondroid syringoma (CS) is an uncommon, benign mixed skin tumor characterized by slow growth. Typically, it manifests more frequentlyin the head and neck region, with a predilection for the nose and occasionally presents in the extremities. This condition is twice as prevalent in men compared to women.

Chondroid Syringoma of the Upper Eyelid in an Elderly Female

Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign mixed skin tumour. Though head and neck region is commonly involved, we report a rare case of a 55-year-old female who presented with a slow growing, painless swelling over the left upper eyelid and history of surgical excision of 2 such swellings in the arm 3 years back. FNAC and excision biopsy revealed Chondroid syringoma. Considering the chances of malignant transformation and recurrence, chondroid syringoma should always be a differential diagnosis in eyelid masses and total excision with long term follow-up should be done.

Epidemiology and classification for canine and feline mammary gland tumors: a histopathological survey of 437 mammary gland tumor biopsies performed in a secondary care hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2012 to 2019.

Metastatic disease resulting from mammary gland tumors (MGTs) is a known cause of death among dogs and cats. Keys to successful prevention and management strategies involve the accurate recording of diagnostic data. This retrospective study reviewed the epidemiology and classification of canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) and feline mammary gland tumors (FMTs), as well as the factors including sex, age, and breed related to the occurrence of these tumors. Accordingly, 1,736 tumor biopsy cases were reported from 2012 to 2019 at Chiang Mai University Small Animal Hospital, Thailand, with 1,639 canine tumor biopsy cases and 97 feline tumor biopsy cases. The proportion of CMTs was reported at 24.5% (401/1,639) for all canine tumor biopsy cases. Benign and malignant tumors were reported at 14.5% (58/401) and 85.5% (343/401) for all CMT cases, respectively. The mean age of dogs affected by benign CMTs was 9.0±3.0 years, which was significantly lower than for malignant CMTs at 9.9±2.8 years (P=0.0239). According to histopathological classification, benign mixed tumors and simple carcinoma types were highest among benign and malignant CMT cases, respectively. Moreover, female dogs were at significantly higher risk of developing mammary gland tumors (OR = 45.8, 95% CI [3.9-86.0], P<0.0001) than male dogs, as well as older dogs (>8 years) (OR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.2-2.2], P=0.0001) compared to young ones (≤8 years). The proportion of FMTs was 37.1% (36/97) for all feline tumor biopsy cases. Benign and malignant tumors for all FMTs were reported at 16.7% (6/36) and 83.3% (30/36), respectively. According to histopathological classifications, adenoma and simple carcinoma were present in the highest proportion among benign and malignant FMTs, respectively. Female cats were at a significantly higher risk of developing mammary gland tumors than male cats (OR=25.7, 95% CI [3.9-272.8], P<0.0001). There was a high proportion of MGT cases compared with other tumor cases reported in a secondary care hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2012 to 2019, and malignant tumor biopsies have been more frequently observed than benign tumor biopsies in both CMT and FMT cases. The resulting data originating from this study can be an aid for veterinary oncologists in better educating clients and planning treatment and prevention strategies and it can be used as a basis for further experimental studies in the oncology section.

Collagen modifications predictive of lymph node metastasis in dogs with carcinoma in mixed tumours.

Mixed tumours in the canine mammary gland are the most common histological type in routine diagnosis. In general, these neoplasms have a favourable prognosis that does not evolve into metastatic disease. However, some cases develop into lymph node metastases and are associated with worse patient survival rates. Here is a retrospective study of 46 samples of primary mixed tumours of the canine mammary gland: 15 cases of benign mixed tumours (BMT), 16 cases of carcinoma in mixed tumours without lymph node metastasis (CMT), and 15 cases of carcinomas in mixed tumours with lymph node metastasis (CMTM). In addition, we selected 23 cases of normal mammary glands (NMT) for comparison. The samples were collected from biopsies performed during nodulectomy, simple mastectomy, regional mastectomy, or unilateral/bilateral radical mastectomy. We used multiphoton microscopy, second harmonic generation, and two-photon excited fluorescence, to evaluate the characteristics of collagen fibres and cellular components in biopsies stained with haematoxylin and eosin. We performed Ki67, ER, PR, and HER-2 immunostaining to define the immunophenotype and COX-2. We showed that carcinomas that evolved into metastatic disease (CMTM) present shorter and wavier collagen fibres as compared to CMT. When compared to NMT and BMT the carcinomas present a smaller area of fibre coverage, a larger area of cellular coverage, and a larger number of individual fibres. Furthermore, we observed a correlation between the strong expression of COX-2 and a high rate of cell proliferation in carcinomas with a smaller area covered by cell fibres and a larger number of individual fibres. These findings highlight the fundamental role of collagen during tumour progression, especially in invasion and metastatic dissemination.

Beyond Ultrasound: Multimodal Cross-Sectional Imaging for Preoperative Imaging of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Primer for Radiology Trainees

Even if the management of parotid gland tumors depends on the histopathological subtype, preoperative imaging of parotid gland tumors is clinically relevant. Preoperative imaging gives insight into the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, which might potentially decrease the number of unnecessary aggressive surgeries. Characteristic imaging findings on cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help narrow the differential diagnosis and guide the further management of patients presenting with parotid masses. While MRI is imperative for the determination of perineural spread, which is frequently encountered with malignant parotid tumors, CT is important for the evaluation of osseous invasion. Furthermore, multi-parametric MRI protocols provide insights into the tumor behavior and internal composition, which is helpful in the case of benign mixed tumors and others. While distant metastasis is uncommon with parotid neoplasms, PET/CT provides a valuable tool for the improved evaluation of loco-regional and distant metastatic disease. This article discusses the imaging features of common benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Successful Preservation of the Facial Nerve in Parotid Surgery for Huge Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Deep Lobe. A Case Report

Pleomorphic adenoma, also known as benign mixed salivary gland tumor, is the most common salivary gland tumor accounting for about 50-74 percent of all parotid neoplasms that has a slight female predilection in the 4th to 5th decade of life. The treatment of choice for this tumor is complete surgical removal. When the tumor arises from the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, superficial parotidectomy is recommended with facial nerve preservation and if the tumor involves the deep lobe, in that case, it may be necessary to perform total parotidectomy with identification and preservation of the facial nerve. Here we are presenting a case of parotid (deep lobe) pleomorphic adenoma where we successfully preserved and identified the facial nerve with the complete removal of the tumor.

A Rare Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Left Submandibular Salivary Gland

Pleomorphic adenomas, which are benign tumours of the salivary glands, are most commonly found in the parotid gland and comparatively infrequently seen in the submandibular gland. These benign mixed tumours, known as pleomorphic tumours, are composed of different types of myoepithelium, epithelium, and mesenchyme. Regardless of the histologic type, parotid gland neoplasms result in distinct swellings in front of and below the ear. With the exception of neglected malignant tumours, both benign and malignant lesions are normally palpable when they are first discovered. Malignancies are often discovered more quickly due to their rapid growth, even though benign tumours are known to exist for many months to years before gaining clinical attention. Ultimately, there are no reliable clinical criteria to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. A 58-year-old female patient presented to the general surgery outpatient department with a six-month history of a firm, palpable, slow-growing, painless, freely mobile mass in the submandibular region that was not attached to the surrounding tissue, bone, or skin. There was no significant past history, and the patient was not on any medication. Axial and coronal views of the Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined radiolucent mass in the medial aspect of the left submandibular gland. The patient underwent surgical exploration and excision of the mass under general anaesthesia, and the excised specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The entire gland was dissected freely and removed, with utmost care taken not to affect the nearby neurovascular structures. No enlarged lymph nodes were noted. The histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed features of pleomorphic adenoma. Surgery is the treatment of choice for pleomorphic adenoma, and the tumour tissue must be completely removed because any residual tumour tissue has a high risk of recurrence or transformation into a malignant tumour. The patient was followed up for more than two years with no signs of recurrence.

Benign mixed mammary tumor with sebaceous differentiation in a dog.

We describe here a case of canine mammary benign mixed tumor with sebaceous metaplasia in the right fifth mammary gland of an eight-year-old, intact female Poodle dog. Grossly, the mass was firm with off-white, poorly lobulated cut surfaces. Histologically, the luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells proliferated with cartilage formation and focal squamous metaplasia. Moreover, a large number of nests of various sizes, which were filled with foamy cells in the center and associated with basaloid reserve-like cells in the periphery, showed sebaceous gland-like structures. Immunohistochemically, myoepithelial cells and reserve-like cells in the metaplastic sebaceous gland-like structures were CK14, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and p63 positive, suggesting a possibility that these two components may have a common cell of origin.

Secondary Healing of Palatal Fistula by Simple Palatal Plate Obturator after Excision of Pleomorphic AdenomaA Case Report

Pleomorphic adenomas are the most common benign mixed tumours of the salivary glands. They typically occur at the junction between the hard and soft palate, but can also be found in the upper lip, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, tonsils, pharynx, and retromolartrigone. The present case of a 55-year-old woman focuses on the use of a palatal plate obturator to treat a soft palatal fistula that developed after the removal of a pleomorphic adenoma from the palate. By applying a self-cure resin to the posterior border of the palatal plate obturator, the postoperative issue of a palatal fistula was successfully managed. To aid in the healing of the palatal tissue and provide a scaffold for the regeneration of the surrounding palatal tissue, relief was applied to the intaglio surface of the palatal plate.

Atypical Facial Chondroid Syringoma of Medial Canthus, A rare clinical entity

Abstract Introduction/Objective Chondroid syringoma (CS) is an uncommon, benign mixed tumor originating from the sweat gland. Its incidence rate is extremely low, estimated to be less than 0.01%. CS predominantly affects adult males and shows a preference for the head and neck region. Typically, the size of the lesion is smaller than 1.0 cm, and it presents as a solitary, painless, subcutaneous nodule that is soft to firm, non-ulcerative, and gradually progressive. Histologically, CS is characterized by a neoplasm composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, which are surrounded by a myxomatous, pseudochondromatous, or hyaline stroma containing mucous secretions. Although atypia is rare in CS, there is a potential for it to undergo malignant transformation. Methods/Case Report A 49-year-old man presented with a slowly growing mass on the medial canthus that had been present for 6 months. Examination revealed a tender, mobile nodule measuring 1.1 cm. An MRI of the head confirmed a subcutaneous lesion without involvement of deeper structures. Excisional biopsy of the lesion suggested adnexal carcinoma with involvement of the margins. The patient underwent Mohs surgery.Histopathology revealed localized basaloid epithelial proliferation forming solid sheets, trabecular, ductal structures with, chondroid myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells of solid sheets and trabeculae were positive for CK5/6, P63, and Vimentin, whereas the cells were focally positive for S100, Calponin, alpha Actin, and SOX10. Also, ductal epithelial cells were highlighted with CK7, Cam5.2, EMA, and CEA. Ki-67 showed 1–5% reactivity. A few satellite nodules with infiltrative margins were seen. The atypical features, including cell atypia and a focal infiltrating border, suggest atypical chondroid syringoma. This tumor is considered a low-grade lesion, and no unequivocal evidence of malignancy has been identified. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Awareness of chondroid syringoma as a rare cause of eyelid lesions is important because although it is a benign neoplasm, incomplete excision can lead to recurrence or malignant transformation. Chondroid syringoma rarely exhibits atypia but can convert to the malignant spectrum. When malignant, it has a significant potential for recurrence, metastasis, and even death. Due to the tumor's rarity, making an accurate preoperative diagnosis can be challenging. Therefore, the possibility of chondroid syringoma should be kept in mind when dealing with a gradually progressive, soft to firm subcutaneous swelling.

YRNA and tRNA fragments can differentiate benign from malignant canine mammary gland tumors

Mammary gland tumors (MGT) are the most common tumors in sexually intact female dogs. The functional regulation of miRNAs, a type of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), in canine MGT has been extensively investigated. However, the expression of other ncRNAs, such as YRNAs and transfer RNA–derived fragments (tRFs) in canine MGT is unknown. We investigated ncRNAs other than miRNAs from our small RNA project (PRJNA716131) in different canine MGT histologic subtypes. This study included benign tumors (benign mixed tumor, complex adenoma) and malignant tumors (carcinoma in benign tumor and carcinoma with metastasis) samples. Aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were examined by comparisons among MGT subtypes. The relative expression trends were validated in canine MGT tissues, plasma, extracellular vesicles, and MGT cell lines using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Three aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were identified by comparisons among MGT subtypes. YRNA and tRNA-Gly-GCC distinguished benign mixed tumor from other MGT histologic subtypes, while tRNA-Val differentiated complex adenoma, carcinoma in benign tumors, and carcinoma with metastasis. The ROC curve of the three ncRNAs showed they might be potential biomarkers to discriminate malignant from benign MGT. YRNA and tRFs expression levels were decreased in metastatic compared with primary canine MGT cell lines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of YRNA and tRFs in canine MGT. The three identified ncRNAs may be biomarkers for differentiating MGT histologic subtypes. Suggested Reviewers: Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporatio

Identifying the Risk Factors for Malignant Mammary Tumors in Dogs: A Retrospective Study.

Mammary cancer is one of the main causes of death in female dogs worldwide, considering that many risk factors are involved in its development. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between epidemiological and clinical risk factors with the histopathological diagnosis of malignant mammary tumors in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, which has one of the first veterinary oncology services in Brazil. A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for the development of malignant mammary tumors in dogs. The variables analyzed were size dog, breed, housing, type of diet, and body score. Potential risk factors were selected by univariate analysis (p < 0.25) before multivariate forward binary logistic regression. The most frequent benign tumor was the benign mixed tumor (35.2%), and the most frequent malignant tumor was the mixed carcinoma (27.4%). Size dog, breed, housing, and overweight are predictors of malignant mammary tumors in dogs. The highest risk of developing malignant mammary tumors is associated with large female dogs, Yorkshire or Poodle breeds, living outside the home, or being overweight.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate - A case series

ABSTRACT Rationale and Patient Concerns: This article highlights the case report of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the palate in a 37-year-old female patient and a 34-year-old male patient. Diagnosis and Investigations: Fine-needle aspiration cytology and computed tomography scan were performed to arrive at diagnosis. Interventions: Surgical excision was the most effective treatment plan. These tumors are mostly painless and are more common in the parotid gland, followed by the palate in case of minor salivary gland involvement. The tongue, tonsil, pharynx, floor of the mouth, lip, buccal mucosa, and retromolar region are other intraoral locations for this tumor. Lessons: PA is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, accounting for about 40%–70% of all major and minor salivary gland tumors. Palatal swellings are the most common complaints of patients; however, PA of the palate is a rare diagnosis. PA, also known as a benign mixed tumor, generally occurs in the parotid salivary gland and rarely in the minor salivary gland.

Pleomorphic adenoma of lateral wall of nose: A case report

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign mixed tumour most frequently occurring in major salivary glands mainly parotid gland followed by minor salivary glands and lacrimal glands. It occurs rarely in skin and subcutaneous tissue where it had been previously termed as chondroid syringoma. Here we present a case of 22 years female presenting with a small subcutaneous swelling on left lateral wall of nose near medial canthus of left eye slowly progressing in size since 2 years and its histocytocorrelation. Complete excision and histopathology of such lesions is necessary as there may be recurrences and malignant transformation.

A Review of the Current Literature on Pleomorphic Adenoma.

Pleomorphic adenomas (PA) are the most common benign salivary gland tumors. They arise from the major salivary glands, as well as the minor salivary glands. They may arise rarely from the palate, oral cavity, neck, and nasal cavityalso. Yet, the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades of life are the most common for them to manifest. Forty percent of them occurin males and 60% in females.It is a benign mixed tumor, whichhas three components: an epithelial component, a myoepithelial cell component, and a mesenchymal component.A fibrous capsule separates these cells from the surrounding tissues. Itgenerally presents as a slowly progressingpainlessswelling, which is well-delineated, nonsymptomatic, and not involving the facial nerve. Salivary gland tumors can be accurately diagnosed before surgery using fine-needle aspiration (FNA), ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT) scan. Calponin, cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Mcl-2, metastasis suppressor gene (NM23), p63, S-100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) exhibit the majority of the positive reactions in pleomorphic adenomas. The diagnostic marker pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is frequently employed since it is specific for pleomorphic adenoma.Although benign, these epithelial tumors have a propensity to recur and undergo malignant transformation if incompletely excised, leading to increased morbidity in these patients. A review of the consensus guidelines and literature was conducted, and the online literature on the subject from 2002wasincluded. This article is not a complete review of all the available literature; rather, it is a comprehensive review of the topic.