Benefits Of Flavonoids Research Articles

Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol 50% dan 70% Daun Kenikir (Cosmos Caudatus Kunth) Dengan Metode DPPH (2,2 Diphenyl-1 Picrylhydrazyl)

Antioxidants are molecules that work by warding off free radicals thereby reducing the damaging effects of free radicals. Coronary heart disease is a disease caused by free radicals. Kenikir leaves contain quite high flavonoid metabolite compounds, namely 12.197 mg QE/g. Flavonoids are among the largest natural phenolic compounds in plants that have bioactivity as medicines. The benefits of flavonoids are as anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant. The aim of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity of 50% and 70% ethanol extract of kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) using the DPPH method. This type of research is analytic cross sectional. The results of this study indicate that there is antioxidant activity of 50% and 70% ethanol extract of kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) using the DPPH method. The lowest IC50 value was 70% ethanol extract of kenikir leaves, namely 45.573 ± 0.241 ppm. The highest potential antioxidant activity is 70% ethanol extract of kenikir leaves with an IC50 value of 45.573 ± 0.241 ppm. The highest total flavonoid content was 70% ethanol extract of kenikir leaves, namely 17.209 ± 0.297%. The conclusion of this research is that 70% ethanol extract of kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) has the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 45.573 ± 0.241 ppm.

Flavonoids Present in Propolis in the Battle against Photoaging and Psoriasis.

The skin is the main external organ. It protects against different types of potentially harmful agents, such as pathogens, or physical factors, such as radiation. Skin disorders are very diverse, and some of them lack adequate and accessible treatment. The photoaging of the skin is a problem of great relevance since it is related to the development of cancer, while psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes scaly skin lesions and deterioration of the lifestyle of people affected. These diseases affect the patient’s health and quality of life, so alternatives have been sought that improve the treatment for these diseases. This review focuses on describing the properties and benefits of flavonoids from propolis against these diseases. The information collected shows that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids play a crucial role in the control and regulation of the cellular and biochemical alterations caused by these diseases; moreover, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and isoflavones contained in different worldwide propolis samples are the types of flavonoids usually evaluated in both diseases. Therefore, the research carried out in the area of dermatology with bioactive compounds of different origins is of great relevance to developing preventive and therapeutic approaches.

The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of legal blindness among adults of working age in developed countries. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus and about 60% of type II diabetics have DR. Several studies have tried to identify drugs and therapies to treat DR though little attention has been given to flavonoids, one type of polyphenols, which can be found in high levels mainly in fruits and vegetables, but also in other foods such as grains, cocoa, green tea or even in red wine. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Since it is known that diabetes induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina leading to neuronal death in the early stages of the disease, the use of these compounds can prove to be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of DR. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular effects of flavonoids in the diabetic retina.

Benefits of flavonoids and straw mulch application on soil microbial activity in pea rhizosphere

The importance of flavonoids in rhizosphere–legumes symbiosis has been recognized as critical. However, the limited data are available about their impact on soil microbial communities. In rhizosphere, it remains unclear whether flavonoids, mulch or their joint effects influence on soil microbial diversity and enzymes activity. Therefore, in this study, the effects of flavonoids and straw mulching on soil microbial functional diversity, fungi abundance and enzymes activity (dehydrogenases, protease, acid phosphomonoesterase) in pea rhizosphere were evaluated. The field study was conducted in Lublin, Poland (51°15′N, 22°35′E), on a Haplic Luvisol. Flavonoids were applied on pea seeds and after sowing soil surface was covered with straw mulch. In soil rhizosphere sampled three times during the vegetative period of pea were determined: dehydrogenases, protease and acid phosphomonoesterase activities, metabolic potential of soil bacteria, microbes number and predominant fungal species. The results showed that dehydrogenases and protease activities were significantly increased with time during pea growing season. Significant increase in dehydrogenases activity was observed after flavonoids and mulch influence. There was no impact of studied factors on acid phosphomonoesterase. The effects of flavonoids and mulch on biodiversity indices were related to sampling terms. Straw mulching increased potentially antagonistic fungi in pea rhizosphere. The results of this study can be useful in understanding the effects of flavonoids and mulch on microbial activity and dynamics in pea rhizosphere which is very important in soil quality and crop production.

Flavonoid intake and all-cause mortality

Flavonoids are bioactive compounds found in foods such as tea, chocolate, red wine, fruit, and vegetables. Higher intakes of specific flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods have been linked to reduced mortality from specific vascular diseases and cancers. However, the importance of flavonoids in preventing all-cause mortality remains uncertain. The objective was to explore the association between flavonoid intake and risk of 5-y mortality from all causes by using 2 comprehensive food composition databases to assess flavonoid intake. The study population included 1063 randomly selected women aged >75 y. All-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortalities were assessed over 5 y of follow-up through the Western Australia Data Linkage System. Two estimates of flavonoid intake (total flavonoidUSDA and total flavonoidPE) were determined by using food composition data from the USDA and the Phenol-Explorer (PE) databases, respectively. During the 5-y follow-up period, 129 (12%) deaths were documented. Participants with high total flavonoid intake were at lower risk [multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI)] of 5-y all-cause mortality than those with low total flavonoid consumption [total flavonoidUSDA: 0.37 (0.22, 0.58); total flavonoidPE: 0.36 (0.22, 0.60)]. Similar beneficial relations were observed for both cardiovascular disease mortality [total flavonoidUSDA: 0.34 (0.17, 0.69); flavonoidPE: 0.32 (0.16, 0.61)] and cancer mortality [total flavonoidUSDA: 0.25 (0.10, 0.62); flavonoidPE: 0.26 (0.11, 0.62)]. Using the most comprehensive flavonoid databases, we provide evidence that high consumption of flavonoids is associated with reduced risk of mortality in older women. The benefits of flavonoids may extend to the etiology of cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Flavonoids from Astragalus membranaceus and their inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus) is an important traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used as a tonic to enhance the body's natural defense mechanisms. In this phytochemical study, 12 flavonoids, isoliquiritigenin (1), liquiritigenin (2), calycosin (3), calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (4), formononetin (5), formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (6), daidzein (7), daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside (8), methylnissolin (9), methylnissolin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (10), isomucronulatol (11), and isomucronulatol 7-O-β-D-glucoside (12), were isolated from the roots of A. membranaceus. Their structures were elucidated by comparing spectroscopic data with reported values. The effects of the isolated compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production, with IC50 values ranging from 2.7 to 6.1μM. Compound 1 also showed a moderate inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α with an IC50 value of 20.1μM. Further studies of the potential anti-inflammatory effects and benefits of flavonoids from A. membranaceus are warranted.

Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Functional Understanding of Flavonoids as Anti-Tumor Agents

The potential of flavonoids to act as anti-tumor agents has been recognized but not fully understood because flavonoids are acting at several stages in cancer progression with distinct structure-function relationships. A whole family of structurally different flavonoids is herein described by reviewing some critical aspects of their pro-oxidant behavior in vitro/vivo and in cell systems by which they may work as antioxidants. Different classes of flavonoids (chalcones, flavones, isoflavones, flavanols, flavanones and anthocyanins) are synthetically mimicked using natural product structure-antioxidant activity relationships that are relevant for their enhanced function against cancer as well as severe inflammation conditions under which an increased oxidative stress is often implicated. In the context of the common mechanisms of flavonoid action, clinical data on benefits of flavonoids in fighting against cancer are discussed. A structural basis needed to improve antioxidant activity of these agents is elaborated in more detail.

Consumer attitudes towards enhanced flavonoid content in fruit

Flavonoids from fruit and vegetables are currently widely studied as components that have the potential to provide multiple health benefits. In this study consumer perceptions of flavonoids were examined. The data (N = 130) were collected in focus group discussions in Finland, The Netherlands and France. In general, the term 'flavonoid' was unfamiliar. After receiving information about the possible health benefits, positive attitudes towards flavonoids were expressed. Relevant issues for the acceptance of flavonoids were the natural occurrence and the health benefits associated with common diseases. However, the need to enhance flavonoid content was questioned since fruit and vegetables were perceived to be already healthy with the natural flavonoid content; additionally, consumers had perceptions of risk and uncertainty associated with breeding and processing methods. Familiar processing methods were said to be most acceptable for enhancing flavonoid content. Consumer knowledge on the health effects of flavonoids is limited, and thus there is a need to inform consumers about them. The challenge in informing consumers about the benefits of flavonoids is to maintain the natural image of fruit-based products.

Antithrombogenic and antiatherogenic effects of citrus flavonoids. Contributions of Ralph C. Robbins.

This presentation is intended to commemorate the life’s work of a singular individual, Dr. Ralph C. Robbins, who was a pioneer among researchers studying the health benefits of flavonoids, particularly flavonoids such as hesperidin, tangeretin, nobiletin and others which occur in citrus fruits. Dr. Robbins entered the field in 1960, a time when research on health effects of flavonoids seemed to raise more questions than answers. To put Dr. Robbins’ research in perspective, let us first look very briefly at the history of flavonoid research.