Abstract
The skin is the main external organ. It protects against different types of potentially harmful agents, such as pathogens, or physical factors, such as radiation. Skin disorders are very diverse, and some of them lack adequate and accessible treatment. The photoaging of the skin is a problem of great relevance since it is related to the development of cancer, while psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes scaly skin lesions and deterioration of the lifestyle of people affected. These diseases affect the patient’s health and quality of life, so alternatives have been sought that improve the treatment for these diseases. This review focuses on describing the properties and benefits of flavonoids from propolis against these diseases. The information collected shows that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids play a crucial role in the control and regulation of the cellular and biochemical alterations caused by these diseases; moreover, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and isoflavones contained in different worldwide propolis samples are the types of flavonoids usually evaluated in both diseases. Therefore, the research carried out in the area of dermatology with bioactive compounds of different origins is of great relevance to developing preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Highlights
The skin is the largest organ of the body and is subjected to oxidative stress daily [1].Because it is a multifunctional organ, its appearance largely reflects the health and efficacy of its underlying structures [2]
It can be see that the administration of this flavonoid acts on cytokines and transcription factors that are directly related to alterations caused by exposure to UVA and UVB rays, but the most relevant aspect is that they suggest that baicalein regulates these alterations by signaling the TLR4, which opens the door to carry out studies in combination with other compounds such as quercetin, resveratrol, apigenin and luteolin [66,67,68,69] in order to find a synergistic effect for a better regulation of this signaling pathway in photoaging
Both quercetin and kaempferol reduce the psoriatic symptoms in the murine imiquimod-induce skin damage like psoriasis model, and both flavonoids share the decrease of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-17 the mechanisms involved in the activity of both compounds it is different because quercetin is related with their antioxidant properties and their capacity to regulates the expression of key molecules in psoriasis, and, on the other hand, the anti-psoriatic activity of kaempferol is closely related with the modulation of inflammation in the psoriatic tissue
Summary
The skin is the largest organ of the body and is subjected to oxidative stress daily [1]. An example of a substance of natural origin with potential for the treatment of skin diseases, caused either by the effect of UV rays or by multifactorial causes such as psoriasis [9], is propolis, which is a natural resinous product that bees make using material obtained from multiple botanical sources. It is mixed with beeswax and enzymes secreted by bees through their salivary glands [14]. Due to the beneficial properties of flavonoids on health, in this review we will focus on describing the most relevant biological activities of the flavonoids present in propolis with regard to the regulation of the cellular, biochemical, and genetic alterations that are generated during the development of photoaging and psoriasis
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