Belt Loop Research Articles

A Soft Robotic Gripper With a Belt Loop Actuated Adhesion Design for Gentle Handling of Fragile Object

A Soft Robotic Gripper With a Belt Loop Actuated Adhesion Design for Gentle Handling of Fragile Object

Studying on improving sewing process of the back pocket, the waistband of the basic Jeans

Based on the codes of the MTM time measurement method and the GSD predictability time system, the study also gave some codes to build the time standard for assembling the back pocket and the waistband according to the traditional sewing processes (TSP). Then, combined with information about modern sewing equipment and time study, the research came up with several modern sewing processes (MSP) to replace TSP. The research results showed that when processing the back pocket using the back pocket hemming machine and the automatic back pocket setter machine, the ironing stage was eliminated, time-saving up to 73.5% and decreased to 66.66% of the number of operations compared to TSP; using the Kansai waistband sewing machine in combination with the folder saved time up to 65.15%; using the belt loop attaching machine saved time up to 66.7%; using the programming machine (to attach the leather label to Jeans) saved time up to 22.7% compared to TSP.

Calibration procedure for ultrasonic sensors for precise thickness measurement

The conveyor belt, the most expensive element of the conveyor, during many years of operation is subject to complex wear processes related to the processes of its friction against the debris and structural elements, fatigue processes related to its bending on drums and idler sets, and repeated changes in tension when starting the conveyor and passing through the driving drums. The rate of wear processes is proportional to the time and intensity of the belt operation (the number of cycles of the belt loop around the conveyor). Another character, sudden and random, is the belt damage that occurs during the fall of the spoil onto the belt. Smaller lumps accelerate the friction processes by damaging the surface of the covers (rubber cracks, small tears) and intense friction caused by the acceleration of the excavated material. Larger lumps with energy exceeding the limit values cause the belt to puncture through, tearing out parts of the cover or rim, and damage to the core. As the belt wears off, the energy limits decrease (due to the decreasing belt thickness), which significantly accelerates the rate of its degradation processes. Identifying the rate of change in belt thickness over the entire surface is therefore critical to estimating the remaining life of the belt. The implementation of non-invasive diagnostics of conveyor belts to assess the condition of its core and the degree of abrasion allows for a significant reduction in belt operating costs. It can contribute to the extension of its life by reducing uneven wear and damage to the core. The decision to replace the belt at the right moment allows it to be regenerated. Regular control of the condition of damage and abrasions of the belt can prevent the occurrence of major failures and plan the moments of preventive replacements, which are much cheaper than expensive emergency replacements that can additionally cause enormous production losses. Prediction of the replacement of belt sections and their length allows for proper management of the budget allocated to repair and replacement of belts. Thanks to the obtained detailed information on the degree of belt wear, it is possible to take ad hoc corrective actions to extend the life of the belts and to predict the remaining time of its failure-free operation in the adopted replacement strategy. In Poland, at the Wrocław University of Science and Technology, as a result of many years of research work financed by the National Center for Research and Development, diagnostic systems have been developed to assess the technical condition of conveyor belts. One of such devices is the ultrasonic system for continuous belt thickness measurement, which is being built under the LIDER X project, called BeltSonic. This article presents the method of calibrating this device and the obtained measurement accuracy. Accurately measuring the thickness of the strip over its entire surface is critical to forecasting its remaining life.

О конструкции уздечки с псалиями раннего типа, распространённого от Микен до Китая во II тыс. до н. э.

Reconstruction of the device of the earliest bridle of the period of domestication of the horse in IV-III millennium BCE in the territory of steppe and forest steppe Eurasia is still a special problem. We have only horn (bone) cheek-pieces in the steppes of the early stage, and in Greece, Anterior Asia, Egypt and the Caucasus – bronze cheek-pieces and bit, on which it is impossible to establish the arrangement of the bridle reliably. In our view, the appearance on the cheek-pieces of the frame for fastening the «sub-directional» belt is connected with the use of bit. Thanks to it, the cheek-pieces together with the bit were attracted down to the toothless part of the jaw. This device did not allow the horse to eat and bite the belt bit. It acted like the North American Indians' simple belt loop device, which covered the toothless portion of the horse’s mandible. Such an assignment could have characteristic frames on bronze discus cheek-pieces from Mycenae and Anterior Asia, or oblong side openings on horny shield cheek-pieces from steppe Eurasia.

Analysis on the Common Quality Problems and Production Methods of Jeans Belt Loop Knot

The belt loop is an important part of a standard five-pocket jeans, integrating functionality and aesthetics. Because of common problems such as skewed belt loop, unequal lengths, improper slackness, double lines at the front pocket of the belt loop cover, exposed bottom of the belt loop, asymmetry, too low or too high position of the belt loop, and no light in the back, we tracked the sewing of the belt loop in the jeans production line, analyzed the causes of the problems, and came out with targeted solutions. We analyzed the operation steps of knotting jeans belt loops and then develop daily maintenance measures for knotting machines, provide technical guidance for seamstresses/seamsters and team leaders to enhance the maintenance ability to knot machines, enhance the ability of knotting machines to run well, ensure the stability of jeans belt loops quality, and provide technical reference for quality control of belt loops in the same type of jeans production lines.

Profitability of Conveyor Belt Refurbishment and Diagnostics in the Light of the Circular Economy and the Full and Effective Use of Resources

The authors propose a new method of predictive replacements of belt sections in a conveyor belt loop with their refurbishment based on their condition recognized by specially designed diagnostic devices: DiagBelt and BeltSonic. Selection of the moment for belt replacement is made on the basis of forecasted state of its wear, when steel cable failure density exceeds the selected threshold or the percentage of belt covers abrasion exceeds the permissible level. The use of double belt refurbishment extends the total belt operation time, but without diagnostics, the reconditioning success rate is relatively low. Visual inspection allows only an uncertain assessment of cable condition. New devices give precise assessment of their condition and allow the selection of a non-linear rate of belt condition based on consecutive scans. The assessed condition of the cables is the key factor in successful belt refurbishment and obtained cost savings. Additionally, diagnostics can help extend belt life. Identified failures can be repaired in order to prevent accelerated belt degradation. The use of diagnostics in the current replacement strategy significantly improves the economic efficiency of belt reconditioning. The reuse of the belt core ensures efficient use of resources and reduces the level of waste, which fits into the circular economy.

Successful management of gastroesophageal intussusception in an adult puma (Puma concolor)

AbstractA 7‐year‐old entire female puma (Puma concolor) presented with a history of regurgitation and diarrhoea of 2 weeks duration. Conventional medical management was initially attempted to alleviate the clinical signs, which were unsuccessful. Oesophagoscopy allowed for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal intussusception (GEI) through the observation of gastric mucosa in the lumen of the distal portion of the oesophagus. The intussusception was reduced using the endoscope, which did not result in resolution because the intussusception recurred within 24 hours. A ventral midline celiotomy was performed, followed by a left‐sided belt loop gastropexy. No postoperative complications related to the surgery were observed. The puma resumed eating within 48 hours following the surgery, and no regurgitation recurred for a period of 24 months following surgery. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of GEI in a puma that was successfully resolved.

Scleral Buckling for Primary Retinal Detachment: Outcomes of Scleral Tunnels versus Scleral Sutures.

Purpose There are primarily two techniques for affixing the scleral buckle (SB) to the sclera in the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD): scleral tunnels or scleral sutures.MethodsThis retrospective study examined all patients with primary RRD who were treated with primary SB or SB combined with vitrectomy from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015 across six sites. Two cohorts were examined: SB affixed using scleral sutures versus scleral tunnels. Pre- and postoperative variables were evaluated including visual acuity, anatomic success, and postoperative strabismusResults The mean preoperative logMAR VA for the belt loop cohort was 1.05 1.06 (Snellen 20/224) and for the scleral suture cohort was 1.03 1.04 (Snellen 20/214, p = 0.846). The respective mean postoperative logMAR VAs were 0.45 0.55 (Snellen 20/56) and 0.46 0.59 (Snellen 20/58, p = 0.574). The single surgery success rate for the tunnel cohort was 87.3% versus 88.6% for the suture cohort (p = 0.601). Three patients (1.0%) in the scleral tunnel cohort developed postoperative strabismus, but only one patient (0.1%) in the suture cohort (p = 0.04, multivariate p = 0.76). All cases of strabismus occurred in eyes that underwent SB combined with PPV (p = 0.02). There were no differences in vision, anatomic success, or strabismus between scleral tunnels versus scleral sutures in eyes that underwent primary SB.ConclusionScleral tunnels and scleral sutures had similar postoperative outcomes. Combined PPV/SB in eyes with scleral tunnels might be a risk for strabismus post retinal detachment surgery.

Central residues of FSHβ (89–97) peptide are not critical for FSHR binding: Implications for peptidomimetic design

In our previous study, we had identified a 9-mer peptide (FSHβ (89–97)) derived from seat belt loop of human FSHβ and demonstrated its ability to function as FSHR antagonist in vivo. Structure analysis revealed that the four central residues 91STDC94 within this peptide may not be critical for receptor binding. In the present study, 91STDC94 residues were substituted with alanine to generate ΔFSHβ 89–97(91STDC94/AAAA) peptide. Analogous to the parent peptide, ΔFSHβ 89–97(91STDC94/AAAA) peptide inhibited binding of iodinated FSH to rat FSHR and reduced FSH-induced cAMP production. The peptide could impede granulosa cell proliferation leading to reduction in FSH-mediated ovarian weight gain in immature female rats. In these rats, peptide administration further downregulated androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-alpha expression and upregulated estrogen receptor-beta expression. The results indicate that substitution of 91STDC94 with alanine did not significantly alter FSHR antagonist activity of FSHβ (89–97) peptide implying that these residues are not critical for FSH-FSHR interaction and can be replaced with non-peptidic moieties for development of more potent peptidomimetics.

Analysis of Reasons for Reduced Strength of Multiply Conveyor Belt Splices

Belt conveyors are used for the transportation of bulk materials in a number of different branches of industry, especially in mining and power industries or in shipping ports. The main component of a belt conveyor is its belt, which serves both as a support for the transported material along the conveyor route and as an element in the drive transmission system. Being crucial to the effective and reliable operation of the conveyor, the belt is also its most expensive and the least durable element. A conveyor belt comprises a core, covers and edges. A multiply textile belt, in which the core is constructed of synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester or aramid, is the oldest and still the most commonly used conveyor belt type. The plies are joined with a thin layer of rubber or another material (usually the material is the same as the material used in the covers), which provides the required delamination strength to the belt and allows the plies to move relative to each other as the belt is bent. Belts are installed on the conveyors in a closed loop in order to join belt sections, whose number and length depend on the length and type of the belt conveyor. Belts are joined with each other in a splicing procedure. The cutting of the belt core causes belt splices to be prone to concentrated stresses. The discontinued core also causes the belt to be the weakest element in a conveyor belt loop. The article presents the results of strength parameter tests that were performed on laboratory and industrial splices and indicated the reasons for the reduced strength of conveyor belt splices. Splice strength is reduced mainly due to incorrect preparation of the spliced surfaces and to different mechanical parameters of the spliced belts.

A Diagnostics of Conveyor Belt Splices

Damage detection in complex mechanical structures is important for cost-effective and safe operation. Conveyor belts with steel cords are used for bulk material transport in mining companies. Due to harsh environmental conditions, both covers and cords are subjected to damage. As lengths of conveyors may vary from dozens of meters to kilometers, a belt loop consists of many connected belt pieces. Thus, the condition of splices between belt pieces is also critical. For both steel cord damage/wear detection and splice condition evaluations the NDT techniques based on magnetic field measurement and variability analysis are used. To obtain appropriate resolution, multi-channel data are collected. Here we propose a pre-processing technique developed for signal synchronization for biased splices data. The biased splices mean a phase shift between signals from a multi-channel sensor due to the design technology of the splice. As the quality of the splice is related to the appropriate precision of splice production, splice evaluation is defined as a similarity analysis of each signal with respect to the estimated pattern. Due to the mentioned phase shift, signals should be "synchronized" first, before final analysis. In industrial conditions, many factors may influence the signal shape. Thus, the problem of automated synchronization by shifting the signals may be defined as a multidimensional optimization problem. Here, we proposed to use a genetic algorithm with an algorithmically simple cost function for that purpose. In this paper, the authors propose an automated procedure applied to real measurement data and final results. A multidimensional optimization has been compared to simple signal shifting according to several criteria, and GA-based results were the best.

Clinical study of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in assessing abnormal position and adverse reactions of intrauterine device

Objective To investigate the incidence of abnormalities and adverse reactions of intrauterine device (IUD) by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound, and guide the correct selection of IUD. Methods Female volunteers who came to our hospital for health check-up from July 2016 to February 2018 were selected as subjects to obtain information of the belt loop time and number of loops. Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound was used to observe and record the IUD types and positions. The incidence of location abnormalities, adverse reactions and cervical lesions of differnet types of IUD were retrospectively analyzed. Results Two thousand one hundred and thirteen eligible subjects were included in the study, including 423 cases of McuIUD, 506 cases of circular ring, 405 cases of uterine ring, 372 cases of T-ring and 407 cases of γ ring. The statistical analysis showed that the incidence of adverse reactions after wearing rings was as high as 34.07%, and the adverse reaction rate of different IUD was different. McuIUD had the highest incidence of adverse reactions, compared with the circular ring, the uterine ring, the T-ring, and the γ ring (47.99% vs 25.88%, 27.41%, 37.10%, 33.66%; all P 0.05). The incarceration rate of the mother ring was higher than that of the circular ring, uterine ring and T-ring (3.07% vs 0, 0.25%, 0.54%; all P 1 and ring times ≥2 were related with the occurrence of adverse reactions of IUD (P<0.05). The incidence of cervical erosion in the T-ring was the highest compared with the McuIUD, circular ring, uterine ring, and γ ring (30.65% vs 16.78%, 16.80%, 18.02%, 17.69%; all P<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of adverse reactions is higher in women with different types of IUD. The incidence of different types of abnormal IUD position is different. The frequency of pregnancy and band ring are related to the occurence of adverse veactions to IUD. Key words: Ultrasonograhpy, transvaginal, three-dimensional; Intrauterine devices; Adverse Reaction; Dislocation of IUD

Analysis of changes in the length of belt sections and the number of splices in the belt loops on conveyors in an underground mine

Belts and their splices, during operation, perform many cycles around the conveyor. The process of their destruction occurs both at the feeding points and along the conveyor route. Belt destruction at the loading points has rapid and random character related to the impact of falling lumps of the load. In effect, the numerous punctures of the belt and damage to covers, edges and core occur as well as abrasions caused by load acceleration. Damage and wear along the route is related to the process of friction of the belt with the construction, rollers, and load and repeated belt bending on the idlers and drums having fatigue character. The abrasion wear process is cumulative and proportional to the conveyor length. Fatigue processes are proportional to the number of belt cycles (nc). Analyzing belt durability, you can calculate the proportions of the point and linear factors influence on belt and joints durability. In the absence of such data, you can indirectly determine them by analyzing the length of the belt sections in the loops.Belt splices are the weakest link in the loop forming a serial structure from the reliability point of view. Due to the small size of splices in comparison to the length of the loop, the joints are less prone to punctures, and their durability and reliability is reduced by fatigue processes. Therefore, the belt loop is assembled from the longest possible sections to limit the number of splices in the loop. During operation due to belt damage, their fragments are replaced or shortened, what leads to an increase of their number.The paper presents a statistical analysis of the length of belt sections and the number of splices in loops and conclusions that flow from it to improve belt loop reliability in the mine and costs of emergency stops.

Optimalisasi Proses Produksi Celana Panjang Melalui Pendekatan Six Sigma

PT. Tainan Enterprises Indonesia branch of Cianjur produce various kinds of garment products. One of the most widely product is trousers. The product are still many defects. This is showed from the number of defective products during February 2015 until mid- March 2015 which reached 509 products unit of 10.138 trousers produced. Therefore, appropriate quality control is required to optimize the quality of trousers products. This research method uses Six Sigma approach with DMAIC cycle (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improvement, Control). Based on the results of the research is known the most dominant type of defect is oblique belt loop and skid jump defects. Factors causing of oblique belt loop defects are sourced from human factors (operator does not follow signs and operators are fatigue), engine factor (old machine age and engine setting less than perfect), material factor (needle material less reliable and materials need to be heating which is high), and the method factor (information on working methods is still lacking). While the factors causing of skid jump defects are sourced from human factors (operator is less careful in choosing to sewing needles and operators experience fatigue), machine factor (old machine age and no regular machine maintenance), material factor (needle less reliable sewing), and method factors (production supervision and quality control are still weak). Quality Increasing could be can increase the value of Six sigma from 3.82 to 4.27.

The use of magnetic sensors in monitoring the condition of the core in steel cord conveyor belts – Tests of the measuring probe and the design of the DiagBelt system

The DiagBelt system for monitoring the technical condition of conveyor belts comprises five modules: a vision module, a magnetic module, a prediction module, a rip detection (prevention) module, and a safety factor module. This article focuses on the magnetic module, which consists of the BeltGuardTM measuring probe and the DiagBelt application, the latter being used to process the digital signal produced by changing magnetic field generated around defects in the magnetized steel cord. Owing to the high resolution of the multi-coil measuring probe, it is possible to detect not only cuts of individual cords but also broken wires in the cords, and even the corrosion of cords in the core. The application automatically and precisely detects the location of defects along the belt axis and on the belt section (due to the position of the coil which traces the changes in the magnetic field). It also detects the location of all splices in the belt loop. This function allows the changes to be visualized as a 2D image of belt core defects on all belt sections and splices. The system automatically divides the belt into sections and counts the defects and their surface area, thus offering useful damage measurement units such as damage density or damage surface area per 1 running meter of belt. These in turn serve as the basis for a color-coded image showing the condition of belt loop sections in the DiagBelt system. Such comprehensive diagnostics of conveyor belts and their splices reduces the number of unexpected failures and facilitates the planning of maintenance works and of belt replacement procedures, thus contributing to improved conveyor belt management.

Impact of Selected Parameters on the Fatigue Strength of Splices on Multiply Textile Conveyor Belts

Splices are the weakest points in the conveyor belt loop. The strength of these joints, and thus their design as well as the method and quality of splicing, determine the strength of the whole conveyor belt loop. A special zone in a splice exists, where the stresses in the adjacent plies or cables differ considerably from each other. This results in differences in the elongation of these elements and in additional shearing stresses in the rubber layer. The strength of the joints depends on several factors, among others on the parameters of the joined belt, on the connecting layer and the technology of joining, as well as on the materials used to make the joint. The strength of the joint constitutes a criterion for the selection of a belt suitable for the operating conditions, and therefore methods of testing such joints are of great importance. This paper presents the method of testing fatigue strength of splices made on multi-ply textile conveyor belts and the results of these studies.

The superiority of paracostal endoscopic-assisted gastropexy over open incisional and belt loop gastropexy in dogs: a comparison of three prophylactic techniques.

Prophylactic gastropexy is a procedure that prevents the occurrence of a life threatening condition known as gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV) in dogs. The objective of this study was to compare incisional, belt loop and minimally invasive endoscopically assisted gastropexy by evaluating different parameters such as surgical time, length of scar and score of pain in dogs. Twenty-one healthy, mixed-breed adult dogs weighting 14.3 ± 2.6 kg were randomly divided into three groups. Three gastropexy techniques applied in the following order: incisional (group I), belt loop (group B), and endoscopically assisted gastropexy (group E). Surgical time, anesthetic time, length of surgical incision and score of pain 3 h after surgery were recorded for all dogs. Two weeks after the surgery, positive-contrast gastrography was used to evaluate stomach position and total gastric emptying time. Ultrasonography was also used to evaluate the gastropexy two months after the surgery. Adhesion was confirmed two months after the surgery between the stomach wall at the pyloric antrum and the right side of the body wall in all dogs by ultrasound. The mean surgical time, length of surgical incision and score of pain were significantly lower in group E compared to group I and B (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in total gastric emptying time and gastropexy thickness post-operatively (P>0.05). Due to advantages observed in the current study, the endoscopically assisted technique seems to be a suitable alternative to open incisional and belt loop gastropexies for performing prophylactic gastropexy, especially when performed by skilled surgeons.

Maintenance of belt conveyors using an expert system based on fuzzy logic

In recent years, conveyor belt transport systems have taken on a new significance due to numerous research studies on innovative design solutions. The application of these new developed solutions leads to considerable reduction in operational costs of transport systems, while ensuring their high reliability and service life at the same time. Nonetheless, there are still areas that pose challenge to both research and development. Typical challenges are analyzed in this paper. The solution to the problems of conveyor transport maintenance can be the implementation of a system for estimation of technical condition of conveyor belt joints. It serves as a second level safety diagnostic system for transport. Besides real-time measurements, the system enables a long-term analysis of historic data for every single joint that makes up the conveyor belt loop, from the moment of its manufacture to the final operation. The effectiveness of a conveyor belt diagnostic system primarily depends on the use of a decision supporting system. With adequate inference rules applied, this system would increase the effectiveness and shorten the time of decision-making as well as verify generated signals. The above tasks can be performed by a suitable expert system that predicts values of the analyzed time series, using the predicted values and inference rules to verify any potential false alarm signals at the same time. The idea and algorithm of such an expert system were presented in this article as well.

Novel Approaches for Processing of Multi-Channels NDT Signals for Damage Detection in Conveyor Belts with Steel Cords

Belt conveyors are one of the most popular methods of material transport in many branches of industry, especially in mining. The average length of mining belt conveyor is about 1000 m. Taking into account that total length of transportation ways in averaged mine can approach several dozen of kilometers and network of several conveyors may cover large area, maintenance of such specific transportation system is very difficult. In this work we propose an automatic multi-channel system for data acquisition and processing for damage detection in belts. Belts with steel cords are considered here, they consist of top and bottom rubber covers and steel cords in between them. Due to many reasons (mainly sharpness of transported materials) covers may be damaged and it may initiate degradation process or straight damages in steel cords. Properties of steel cords are therefore crucial for overall strength of belts, if they are damaged, it may cause catastrophic failure of the whole conveyor. So, monitoring of belts conditions is a crucial issue. We proposed a monitoring system that measure and process data from array of magnetic sensors. The system allows to acquire up to 24 channels of NDT signals and uses automatic algorithms to process them in order to get information about begin of the belt loop, location of joints of particular belt segments and the final location and size of damages related to corrosion or cuts of steel cords inside belts. These techniques will be presented in the paper. Our approach has been validated in a lignite mine for several conveyor belts.

The man with the empty belt loop

Ad Libitum20 March 2012The man with the empty belt loopJoseph Gascho, MDJoseph Gascho, MDFrom Hummelstown, PA 17036.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail You don't knowthat you missedthe back middle loopthis morningor maybe you dobut just don't carelike you didwhen you walked around the frontof the ′62 Oldsafter you'd closed the doorfor the onewho would end upbuying your 38 × 32 jeansand cowboy beltswhile you laid bricks,the oneyou visit every day,the one whothinks you're her fatherwhen she thinks at all.Joseph Gascho, MDHummelstown, PA 17036 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hummelstown, PA 17036.Current Author Address: Joseph Gascho, MD, 563 Farmhouse Lane, Hummelstown, PA 17036; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 March 2012Volume 156, Issue 6Page: 472 ePublished: 20 March 2012 Issue Published: 20 March 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...