Belgorod Region Research Articles

Показатели вегетативной нервной системы и эндотоксикоза у коров при физиологической и осложненной гестозом беременности

The purpose of the study was to study the state of the autonomic nervous system and the level of endogenous intoxication markers in animals during pregnancy, physiological and complicated by gestosis and toxic liver dystrophy (hepatosis) and their combination. Materials and methods were used in accordance with the assigned tasks. In the conditions of two farms specializing in the production of milk and located in the Belgorod and Pskov regions, studies were conducted, the object of which were cows of the Red-and-White and Holstein Black-and-White breeds at the age of 3–6 years with a gestational age of 240–250 days. As a result of experimental tests, it was revealed that in cows with moderate gestosis, in addition to traditional hypertension, proteinuria and edema, there is an increase in heart rate variability, tachycardia, hypersympathicotonia, neutrophilocytosis, lymphocytopenia and resorptive endotoxication. With a combination of gestosis and hepatosis, the appearance of new (integral) and strengthening of pathophysiological phenomena specific to each of these pathologies is observed. As a result, a symptom complex of severe pathology is formed with bradycardia, vagotonia, resorptive and metabolic endogenous intoxication, leukogram imbalance with a predominance of young cells, monocytopenia, eosinopenia, more pronounced neutrophilocytosis and lymphocytopenia, as well as a decrease in adaptive potential. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, according to the data obtained, one of the directions of the progression of preeclampsia (gestosis) may be the development of comorbid pathology. At the same time, the deterioration of the animal's condition is a consequence of the aggravation of each of the associated pathologies and the formation of integral pathogenetic integration in the body. In this case, the choice of therapies should be focused on eliminating or alleviating the manifestation of gestosis and associated pathologies, as well as on leveling the pathogenetic mechanisms of comorbidity.

Acceleration or Multiplication? Examples of the Oryol, Kursk, Bryansk, Voronezh, Belgorod, Tambov and Lipetsk Regions

Relevance. The article presents a statistical analysis between gross regional products and investments in fixed capital for the Orel, Kursk, Bryansk, Voronezh, Belgorod, Tambov and Lipetsk regions of the Russian Federation. Animation effects and acceleration effects are calculated with a yearly time lag. The gradation of areas was carried out according to the importance of accelerators and multipliers The purpose Investigation the statistical significance of the acceleration and multiplier approaches to the interaction between investment and GRP in seven regions of the Central Federal District. Objectives: calculate the Fisher index for 1995-2020; carry out a correlation analysis for the "long" time range; determine the statistical significance of the acceleration and multiplication hypotheses. Methodology. The article was prepared within the framework of the Keynesian macroeconomic paradigm, taking into account the temporary annual lag. Results. The statistical significance of the correlation analysis is greatest in the absence of any assumptions about the presence of a time lag in the effects of determining exogenous and endogenous parameters. Conclusions. In the Russian Federation, the regions of the Central Federal District, the Voronezh and Tambov regions, there is a stable multiplier effect of the direct impact of investments on economic growth. The highest degree of determination is observed in larger regions and agglomerations, including at the expense of the city of Moscow. Assuming the presence of a time lag, the multiplier effect in all analyzed subjects decreases, but remains statistically significant. This conclusion is somewhat different from the results obtained earlier on the data of a shorter time series. The effect of acceleration over the analyzed period, from 1999 to 2020, was observed to the greatest extent in the Kursk and Lipetsk regions.

Prognosis of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim. To determine prognostic criteria for pregnancy complications and perinatal pathology in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Materials and methods. A prospective study of 100 pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome at the St. Joasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital. Depending on the type of ART method, 2 groups were formed. The first group (n=50) of women – pregnancy occurred by induction of ovulation with chlorthyanisene clomiphene citrate (CC). The second group (n=50) – with the help of In vitro fertilisation (IVF). Research methods – clinical, laboratory, instrumental.Result. It was revealed that the main conditions for the probability of the formation of polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility are: the presence of childhood infections in the anamnesis, low birth weight of mothers. Disorders of the reproductive system in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are detected by menstrual cycle disorders, late menarche, inflammatory diseases of the genitals, primary and secondary infertility. Extragenital pathology is diagnosed in 100 % of women with PCOS and appears in the form of obesity, infectious and inflammatory diseases, infectious and inflammatory pathologies. With PCOS, miscarriage, preeclampsia, isthmic-cervical insufficiency, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth retardation, chronic placental insufficiency are noted. The onset of pregnancy by stimulating ovulation of CC has an unfavorable course relative to IVF: the risk of miscarriage and isthmic-cervical insufficiency is higher. The average weight of full-term babies, the method of their birth turned out to be IVF, is greater than ovulation stimulation. The probability of perinatal damage against the background of ovulation stimulation exceeds IVF by about 1.5 times. In the early period of gestation and in conditions of PCOS, there is a hormonal imbalance: a fascination with TBG and a decrease in the secretion of PAMG in peripheral blood at 7–8 and 10–12 weeks. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the probability of termination of pregnancy in the first trimester is characterized by the presence of chorionitis, a decrease in the volume of the amniotic cavity, tachycardia of the embryo. Signs of placental insufficiency were detected in the II and III trimesters. In pregnant women with PCOS, hemostatic disorders are observed – a shortening of the activated recalcification time and blood clotting time and an increase in fibrinogen and prothrombin index. Pregnancy on the background of PCOS is accompanied by activation of free radical oxidation and the development of oxidative stress.Conclusion. To predict placental insufficiency, the risk of miscarriage, perinatal pathology of the nervous system in pregnant women with PCOS, it is necessary to assess the level of glycodelin, TBG, PAMG‑1, β-HCG.

Loess-paleosol sequence and environmental trends during the MIS5 at the southern margin of the Middle Russian Upland

The loess-paleosol sequence of the Striguny outcrop is located in the Belgorod region, in the forest-steppe area. The study of the depositional environment, pedogenesis, and pedostratigraphy of the MIS5 paleosols within the OSL chronological framework is the focus of this paper. Field data are supported by micromorphology, grain size distribution, chemical, and geochemical properties. The buried paleosols reveal the dramatic environmental trend (progressive aridization and cooling) from the Last Interglacial to the end of the Early Glacial. The lower paleosol (Albic Retisol) corresponds to the moderately warm and humid climate of boreal mixed forests during the Last Interglacial (MIS5e). Throughout the transition to the Early Glacial, boreal forests were replaced by productive boreal steppe with Chernozems and then by cold, arid steppe with Calcic Cambisols. Cryogenesis accompanied pedogenesis during the whole Early Glacial period. The diagenetic impact resulted in a decrease in organic carbon and the calcification of Albic Retisol. The tripartite pattern of the MIS5 chronozone of LPS Striguny may serve as a good stratigraphic marker for the onset of the Late Pleistocene, allowing correlation with loess-paleosol sequences of the Northern Hemisphere and linking it with global climatic fluctuations recorded in marine sediments. The buried Glossic Albic Retisol is similar to the modern soils of the Southern Taiga, which now occur 500 km to the north of the study area. This means that the bioclimatic pattern during the last interglacial was different than it is today. The present study establishes the current most southerly position of the forest soil of the Last Interglacial on the Russian Plain.

Prosocial mission of education: regulatory framework and growth points

Introduction. In modern society it is necessary to acquire the new meanings and value orientations of the education mission. The context of understanding and the significant reference points hierarchy in the education sphere are constantly changing in the world. The ways to realize socially significant priorities in the sphere of education are widely represented in the international scientific and pedagogical space, but they are of a fragmented character, which does not allow a particular state, society, family and individual fully meeting the prosocial needs. The social demands in Russia are connected with a clear understanding of the need to educate a citizen and a patriot in accordance with the traditional spiritual and moral values and prosocial pedagogical attitudes. In terms of regulatory framework a serious groundwork for the realization of the prosocial mission of modern education has been created. Research goal is to determine the main characteristics of the prosocial mission of education in the current information and regulatory framework in order to identify the growth points and to develop the ways for their implementation in the Russian society. Research methodology and methods. The research is based on the methodology and basic pedagogical ideas of prosocial approach; the authors used qualitative analysis of data obtained from information, regulatory sources, scientific literature and expert opinion study, as well as observation, comparison, conceptual foresight and problem-logical methods. The empirical research was based on survey methods – questionnaires, expert survey (1,150 people) and discussion of the results obtained in focus groups of experts (more than 100 people) and representatives of five general education organizations in Belgorod and Belgorod region (53 people). Research insights. The actual source and regulatory framework of the phenomenon under study has been identified. It is defined that the prosocial mission of education considers the role of education in the development of positive traits of young people and sustainable development of society. Two groups of growth points of the prosocial mission of education are identified: 1) reflection of the international priorities (supporting the ideas of sustainable development of education at the political level; reforming the education and professional training spheres; improving professional level of pedagogical staff; involving young people; activating local population representatives); 2) national dominants (values and quality of education; social design and volunteering; teacher helping activity; communication and interaction in teaching). Conclusion. Understanding prosocial mission of education, teaching staff can choose the content, forms and ways to arrange the education process, to construct the communication style and use helping pedagogical strategies, to make the criteria choice to evaluate the educational outcome.

Knowledge-Intensive Market: Geomarketing and Cluster Approach to Functioning and Analysis

Relevance. Innovative development is one of the highest priority tasks of the economy at the national and regional level. One of the directions for solving these problems is the formation of local knowledge-intensive markets, within which the interaction of the main participants in the innovation cycle takes place - from conducting fundamental scientific research to introducing a knowledge-intensive product to the market. The object of the study was the local knowledge-intensive market of the Belgorod region. The sources of information for the study were data from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); research results presented in the eLibrary.Ru search engine; data from statistical reporting of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Belgorod Region.The purpose of the study is a cluster grouping of developed advanced production technologies in organizations of the Belgorod region.Objectives: content analysis of theoretical data on the research problem in the eLibrary.Ru search engine; analysis of thematic publications and regulatory documents, data from foreign countries; classification of tools for analyzing indicators of knowledge-intensive markets; grouping of quantitative indicators; testing of research results in the conditions of a regional knowledge-intensive market.Methodology. Retrospective content analysis, static data analysis, cluster analysis and grouping of developed advanced production technologies in organizations of the Belgorod region were used as research methods.Results. The article presents a brief analysis of the effectiveness of implementing these tasks from the perspective of geomarketing and cluster approaches. The main stages of the formation of cluster policy in the Russian Federation are highlighted and the conditions for the formation of this policy at the national level are analyzed. As a result of the research, the main geomarketing tools for analyzing the local knowledge-intensive market were structured; a grouping of quantitative parameters is proposed for conducting geomarketing and cluster analysis of a knowledge-intensive local market.Conclusion. Based on cluster analysis, advanced production technologies used in the region were grouped into four clusters, which can become the basis for further innovative development.

Social network “VKontakte”: features of the design and maintenance of communities using the example of online publications of the Belgorod region

Most online media outlets are currently using social networks as an additional tool for promoting their publications, finding newsworthy information, and communicating with users. Modern social networks form a new media space. This paper is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of maintaining communities and opportunities of online publications in the social network “VKontakte”. The subject of the research in the article is the Internet publications of the Belgorod region, which are at the top of the rating of the Information and Analytical Online Service “Medialogy” for 2020, as the most quoted publications of the Belgorod region for the specified year. The method of research includes content analysis and comparative analysis of the techniques and methods of community management used. The main objective of the study was to identify the peculiarities of the design and maintenance of communities of regional online publications in the social network “VKontakte” and to identify trends in their further development. A similar study of online media in the Belgorod region was carried out for the first time, which explains its importance and novelty. In the course of the analysis, the following conclusions were made: nine out of ten analyzed publications use the community in the social network “VKontakte” for the purpose of information distribution and promotion of online media sites. All of the publications do not have a clearly defined interval between publications. At the same time, all the pages analyzed to some extent use the tools of “VKontakte” for the visual design of the community and various formats: photo and video publications, polls with variants of answers and articles. The number of comments indirectly indicates the activity or passivity of the audience of a particular community. In our opinion, there is no direct connection between the number of publications and the number of comments. Most often users leave comments under the publications touching on current topics or under the posts-surveys.

Analysis of the structure of land use for the formation of the natural and ecological framework of the Belgorod region

Analysis of the structure of land use for the formation of the natural and ecological framework of the Belgorod region

Self-assessment of financial status and social strategies of youth

As part of the study of youth social strategies, an important aspect is to determine those socialization factors that influence the choice of such strategies and their subsequent implementation. One of these factors is the economic situation of the family of young people – this factor creates different conditions for socialization, creating prerequisites for the formation of certain strategic dispositions, direction and horizon of life planning. The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between economic status and strategic dispositions in various areas of youth life planning and to prove the formation of certain attitudes for choosing social strategies in accordance with the economic conditions of socialization. The article presents the results of the sociological monitoring of 2022 "Social Strategies of Youth", conducted in the Belgorod region, the key social strategies are analyzed from the perspective of the dispositional typology of young people with different economic status (high, above average, average, below average). The results of the study show a real connection between the economic conditions of socialization and attitudes in determining social strategies. A social paradox of the closeness of the strategic attitudes of polar groups with low and high economic status has been revealed.

Migration and socio-political orientations of religious and non-religious student youth

Migration processes in the context of the expansion of world economic relations inevitably affect the main spheres of life of the entire world community. The emigration of the most active part of the indigenous population of Russia, predominantly educated and highly professional, is an acute problem, as it inevitably leads to risks to the national and geopolitical security of the state. The growing uncontrolled migration process aimed at the outflow of the mobile indigenous population in the new Russian social reality actualizes the study of the motives of emigrant moods, socio-economic, socio-political orientations, socio-cultural positions, ethno-confessional traditions and customs, spiritual and moral values of youth and, first of all, highly educated part of the younger generation: students. The article analyzes the materials of a sociological study conducted by the Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2022 among students in three constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Moscow, the Republic of Tyva and the Belgorod Region. The focus of the study is aimed at identifying the possible impact of religious and non-religious worldviews on the emigrant orientations of the young part of the Russian population. The set goal was solved with the help of sociological methods of building worldview groups (“religious”/“non-religious”) and typological groups (“settled”/projective “emigrants”). The sociological search was based on a comparative analysis of the assessments and positions of representatives of these groups in relation to religious, national, socio-economic and socio-political problems. The results of a sociological study show that religious ideas and traditions, spiritual and moral values directly related to them play a significant role in the patriotic and civic positions of student youth in relation to Russian society and the state.

Mini-feed mills as a factor in increasing the volume of feed production in the Russian regions

The article studies great importance of livestock products for human body and considers the types of fodder used in animal feeding. The data on ten leading regions in mixed fodder production (Belgorod region, Voronezh region, Chelyabinsk region, Tambov region, Krasnodar region, Leningrad region, Republic of Mordovia, Kursk region, Stavropol region, Penza region) has been given. The historical aspect of mixed fodder production in Russia has been presented and advantage of mini-mills in increasing the volume of mixed fodder production shown. The methodical approach to estimating economic expediency of purchase and use of mixed fodders for animal feeding has been offered and necessity of detailed economic calculations on each concrete variant of purchased mixed fodders use noted. Possible variants of mini-feed mills location have been highlighted considering advanced mini-feed mills of various capacities available in the domestic market.

Experience of Belgorod region in carrying out complex cadastral works

The purpose of this article is to study the complex cadastral works and arising problems. In the process of writing the article, the authors used the Federal laws, the Land Code, the Urban Planning Code, special scientific literature, as well as working and statistical materials of the Belgorod region (from complex cadastral works in the Krasnensky and Prokhorovsky districts). To date, a large number of real estate objects throughout the Russian Federation have not been included in the Unified State Register of Real Estate, and some land plots do not have correct boundaries and exact areas preventing the successful maintenance of the Register and reliable determination of cadastral value for tax purposes.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF LANDS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

On the basis of testing various varieties of ecological and economic assessment of lands on the territory of the Russian Plain, their systematization was carried out both from the standpoint of the ratio of profi t and loss associated with nature management, and the attribution of these varieties to the areas of economic science that diff erently determine the role of human economic activity in ecological systems.Th e predominance in the Russian Federation of those techniques and methods of ecological and economic assess-ment, which are associated with the defi nition of damage/ harm from pollution, degradation and cluttering of land plots, is shown. Th e results of the approbation of the «Methodology for determining the extent of damage from soil and land degradation» (1994) for agricultural farms located in various regions of the Russian Federation — in the Volgograd, Belgorod, Kaliningrad and Penza regions are presented. It has been established that the damage caused to agricultural lands in all the studied regions is due to the low level of agrotechnical measures carried out here — mainly insuffi cient application of organic and mineral fertilizers, liming of acidic soils (for example, in the Kaliningrad region) and gypsum of saline soils (in the Volgograd region).Methods where the comparison of income and losses is carried out (methodology Y. von Braun, adjusting the value of land based on information about their ecological condition), are the most diffi cult to implement, but the most promising from a practical point of view. Th e results of the adjustment of the cadastral value of the lands of the West-ern Administrative District of Moscow based on the calculation of the indicator of loss of ecological quality of soils are presented. In some cases, the decrease in the cadastral value of land plots was 71% compared to the initial value.It has been established that the assessment of environmental damage refers to the direction of «environmental economics», the assessment of ecosystem services of soils and lands, the adjustment of the value of land based on information about their ecological condition, the assessment of environmental tax/environmental payments, — to the direction of «ecological economics», the methodology of J. von Braun and the assessment of environmental risks of pollution, degradation and littering of land — towards the direction of «green economics».

Определение приоритетов «умной специализации» Белгородской области на основе сопряжения отраслевых и научно-технологических компетенций

The article examines the approaches of foreign and Russian authors to determining the priorities of the “smart specialization” of regions. It is established that the current approaches are mainly of a complex nature and in-clude the adaptation of methodological approaches of foreign organizations, for example, the European Clus-ter Observatory, the definition of alternative development scenarios and differentiated structural models of spe-cialization; using localization indicators to identify the core specialization of regions, as well as indicators of relative technological advantage and technological connectivity to identify additional opportunities for diversifi-cation based on interregional ties with an emphasis on the development of end-to-end digital technologies; formation of spatial contexts of “smart specialization” taking into account the degree of industrial and organiza-tional density and diversity, institutional structures, system features, political opportunities, past experience of innovative strategies, the level of political centralization; identification of a “bundle of competencies” (a flexible set of economic activities or interrelated industries depending on the key competencies of the region) based on the study of the industry, patent, innovation and publication components of regional specialization. As a result, the author’s methodological approach to determining the priorities of “smart specialization” based on the con-jugation of sectoral specialization of global, national and macro-regional level and scientific and technological competencies of the region in the context of geographical, structural-technological and cognitive proximity is proposed. Approbation of the research tools resulted in the construction of a scenario model for determining the priorities of “smart specialization” of the Belgorod region within the application of entrepreneurial search procedures involving all stakeholders (regional authorities, business community, scientific community and res-idents of the region). The implementation of the proposed approach will allow all regions, including those not widely included in the global or national division of labor, to find a promising niche for development at the mac-ro-regional level, and also takes into account the possibilities of intersectoral convergence and the use of ac-cumulated competencies of regions in the field of end-to-end digital technologies.

Passporting of parents of disabled children as an analytical resource of social policy

The article presents the results of a study of the main social and household characteristics of families with disabled children, conducted in the territory of the Belgorod region (targeted survey; n = 990). The research made it possible to answer questions about children's health problems, their living conditions, the economic status of the family, the work of parents, the social environment and other characteristics of families. The article examines the passporting method of target problem (socially vulnerable) groups as an effective way of obtaining system information, a social picture of the situation, conditions, and problems of such families. The results of the research made it possible to determine the risks associated with the condition of children who require constant help and support, the category of families with unsatisfactory living conditions, the need for advanced training and retraining among parents. An important result of the study was the income map of families with disabled children, which identified the problematic characteristics of the socially vulnerable group and helped determine the directions of primary assistance and support. The scientific result of the article is the conclusion about the need for systematic control of all problematic components of the life of families raising disabled children, about the need for monitoring such information for the organization of targeted assistance and changes in social policy to meet the actual needs of such families.

MONITORING OF CADMIUM CONTENT IN AGROECOSYSTEMS OF CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION OF RUSSIA

As part of the implementation of the state program of agroecological monitoring, the content of Cd in the main components of the agroecosystems of the forest-steppe zone of the Belgorod region, which is located in the south-west of the Central Black Earth region, was studied. The soil cover was mainly represented by leached and typical chernozems. During the studies, it was found that in the layer of 0–20 cm of arable black soil leached, the average gross content of Cd is 0.32, the concentration of mobile forms is 0.08 mg/kg, which corresponds to background values and significantly below the level of APC. The excess of background concentrations of this element was found in the soils of roadside ecosystems at a distance of up to 60 m from the roadbed. The main amount of Cd enters the agroecosystems of the Belgorod region with organic fertilizers, but this does not pose a danger to soil contamination and crop production. Of the crops studied, the minimum amount of this element is contained in the white lupine grain (0.011 mg/kg), and the maximum amount is contained in sunflower seeds (0.086 mg/kg). The average Cd content of corn, barley and winter wheat grains did not differ significantly and ranged from 0.037 to 0.042 mg/kg. In clover and alfalfa hay, the average content of this metal was almost the same as 0.012–0.013 mg/kg, which is significantly lower than in natural forbs (0.045 mg/kg). In the studied crop production, there was no excess of MAC Cd levels for food grains and MAL for feed.

КАЧЕСТВО ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЕЙ

Obtaining up-to-date marketing data by subjects of the market economy, including from consumers of pharmaceutical products, contributes to the adoption of the necessary management decisions in the field of improving the quality of manufactured pharmaceutical products. The purpose of the work was to analyze the quality of pharmaceutical products from the point of view of consumers. As an information base, the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of marketing, management, legal and organizational documentation on pharmaceutical activities are taken. The main research method was a survey, which resulted in a survey of 240 residents of the Oryol, Belgorod, Kostroma and Moscow regions. It has been established that the majority of consumers of pharmaceutical products believe: over the past five years, the quality of domestic drugs has increased; imported medicines have fewer visible defects; the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of quality assurance of medicinal products during production needs to be tightened; the least visible defects are drugs in the price range from 501 to 1000 rubles. It was revealed that the population equally acquires domestic and foreign pharmaceutical products; doctors do not make preferences when prescribing imported and Russian medicines, but more often recommend original medicines; from dosage forms for internal use, the population prefers tablets and capsules, from external ointments; consumer preferences include many factors, including prolonged forms of drugs, independence of drug use from food intake, the presence of separation marks on tablets, coated tablets, combi drugs, the presence of secondary packaging, user-friendly instructions for drugs; the quality of pharmaceutical products is most influenced by substances, qualified personnel, modern equipment.

Medicinal plants of the southwestern part of Belgorod oblast

Monitoring the species diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants contributes to the conservation of the gene pool of natural resources and their rational use. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been the only source of medicinal raw materials. Despite the intensive development of chemical synthesis, plant resources are in great demand both in the pharmaceutical industry and in the national economy. They serve as a raw material for the production of medicines, pharmaceutical substances, cosmetics and biologically active additives. They are also sources of biologically active substances, objects of introduction and stimulus for the development of medicinal plant breeding and import substitution of drugs of natural origin. The need for medicinal raw materials of plant origin is constantly increasing. Separately, it should be noted that some medicinal and aromatic plants cannot be cultivated due to their biological characteristics. Meeting the needs of the country's population and the needs of the pharmaceutical industry is an important strategic issue. The Belgorod branch of the All-Russian Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants carries out many years of research, which made it possible to carry out ecological and phytocenotic evaluation of the natural plant community and analyze it on the basis of species systematics, to identify the natural potential of the local flora with selection of the most promising species for cultivation under regulated conditions. The raw material base of medicinal and aromatic plants in Belgorod region consists of a fund of raw materials harvested from wild-growing plants and a fund of raw materials collected at the expense of cultivated medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are harvested not only for the pharmaceutical industry and direct sale through pharmacies, but also for the needs of the population.

First data on coniferous leaves from the Middle Jurassic of the Belgorod Region, Russia

Data on fossil coniferous leaves from the Middle Jurassic of the Stoilensky open mine in the Belgorod Region, Russia were obtained for the first time. These conifers are represented by the leaves of Mirovia, Podocarpophyllum, Elatocladus and Pityophyllum. A new species, Mirovia oskolica, sp. nov., is described based on the study of the morphology and epidermal features. Leaves of this species are characterized by the presence of thick resin ducts, stomata arranged in one stomatal zone, the short epidermal cells of the adaxial leaf side, the absence of papillae on the ordinary epidermal cells, and the rare presence of small proximal papillae on some subsidiary cells of the stomata. In addition, we have found leaves similar to the type leaves of M. eximia from the Middle Jurassic of the Kursk Region, Russia. We determine linear leaf fragments with longitudinally orientated stomata arranged in two stomatal bands and with narrow guard cells as Podocarpophyllum kazachstanicum, originally described from the Lower Jurassic of Kazakhstan. Besides these remains, there are numerous fragments of the narrower linear leaves with an acute apex, two stomatal bands and a very thin cuticle. These leaves are assigned to Pityophyllum sp. The only found sessile lanceolate leaf and several dispersed cuticle fragments with obliquely to transversely oriented stomata in the stomatal bands are determined as Elatocladus sp.

Assessing the Impact of Rural Development for the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation

Assessing the Impact of Rural Development for the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation