Battery Unit Research Articles

Supervisory control strategy for dual battery assisted solar water pumping using a 3-stage interleaved boost converter

This article proposes effective power management and battery protection strategies for a solar photovoltaic (SPV) powered dual-battery supported standalone water pumping approach propelled by a permanent magnet brushless direct current (PMBLDC) motor. A drift-avoidance perturb and observe MPPT algorithm is employed in conjunction with a 3-stage interleaved boost converter (TSIBC) and proposes a switching control scheme to enable double-stage solar photovoltaic generation system (SPGS) to operate at its maximum accessible power point (MPP) irrespective of any variation in climatic condition. The proposed dual battery control scheme (DBCS), which integrates a primary battery with an auxiliary battery, is connected to the 310 V DC link. This dual battery setup utilizes a parallel-active configuration facilitated by two bidirectional DC-DC converters (BDCs). The core idea behind dualization aims to maintain the state of charge (SoC) of the primary battery within upper and lower limits with the help of an auxiliary battery unit and regulate the DC link voltage at 310 V during fluctuations generated in the protection period. This scheme significantly extends the battery's lifespan, achieving an estimated 800 to 1000 cycles by maintaining its depth of discharge (DoD) at a level of 70 %. A centralized power handling unit (CPHU) is integrated for both the BDCs to facilitate the operating mode selection and regulate DC link voltage by alternatively charging/discharging both batteries. This approach enhances overall system efficiency by eliminating the need to oversize the solar array by up to 46 %, which would have been necessary to fully charge both batteries simultaneously. Previously, the DC link voltage regulation relied solely on MPPT control, resulting in significant deviations (up to ±38.43 %) during battery overcharging/deep-discharging (SoC ≥ 90 %/SoC ≤ 20 %). This work proposes a solution using an auxiliary battery controller within the DBCS, achieving near-zero (±0.5 %) DC link voltage deviation under all operating conditions. The effectiveness of the suggested DBCS controller is validated through a time-domain simulation conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, alongside real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) digital simulator using the OPAL-RT platform. The acquired results corroborate enhanced performance for the standalone water pumping system (WPS) and demonstrate a seamless shift from the normal operational mode to battery protection mode, while ensuring steady regulation of the DC link voltage.

Tri-generation of sensible heat, hydrogen, and electricity in an aluminum-air flow battery (AAB) system

The performance of an aluminum-air flow battery (AAB) unit cell is experimentally studied for application to a tri-generation system as a district heating resource of sensible heat storage, hydrogen production, and electric power generation. A layer-type unit cell is designed to protect against leakage of hydrogen gas during operation and to ensure electrolyte circulation in the AAB system. The electrolyte is made with NaOH pellets dissolved in purified water. A direct current (DC) loader is used to measure the electric power of the AAB unit cell, while a resistance temperature detector (RTD) is used to measure the electrolyte temperature at the unit cell inlet and outlet. The objective of the present work is to study the effect of operation parameters [i.e., electrolyte temperature (Tin), mass flow rate (ṁNaOH), and molar concentration (XNaOH)] on the performance of the tri-generation AAB system. The electric power of the AAB unit cell increases in the electrolyte temperature from 20 ℃ to 50 ℃ with increases in the NaOH molar concentration from 1 M to 4 M. The performance measurement of the AAB unit cell shows that the total surface power density of sensible heat, hydrogen, and electric power increased with increases in electrolyte temperature from 35 ℃ to 55 ℃. The tri-generation system operates for 140 min under the condition of Tin = 40 ℃, ṁNaOH=14.48 g/s, and XNaOH=4 M.

Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Accelerate a Sustainable Energy Transition in Johor, Malaysia

As the world’s second-largest palm oil producer, Malaysia heavily depends on its extensive oil palm cultivation, which accounts for nearly 90% of the country’s lignocellulosic biomass waste. Approximately 20–22 tonnes of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) can be derived from an initial yield of 100 tonnes of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) from oil palm trees. The average annual amount of EFBs produced in Johor is 3233 tonnes per day. Recognising that urban areas contribute significantly to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and to support Malaysia’s transition from fossil fuel-based energy to a low-carbon energy system, this research employed HOMER Pro software 3.18.3 to develop an optimal hybrid renewable energy system integrating solar and biomass (EFB) energy sources in Johor, Malaysia. The most cost-effective system (solar–biomass) consists of 4075 kW solar photovoltaics, a 2100 kW biomass gasifier, 9363 battery units and 1939 kW converters. This configuration results in a total net present cost (NPC) of USD 44,596,990 and a levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of USD 0.2364/kWh. This system satisfies the residential load demand via 6,020,427 kWh (64.7%) of solar-based and 3,286,257 kWh (35.3%) of biomass-based electricity production, with an annual surplus of 2,613,329 kWh (28.1%). The minimal percentages of unmet electric load and capacity shortage, both <0.1%, indicate that all systems can meet the power demand. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the economic viability and technical feasibility of powering the Kulai district with a solar–biomass system.

Bipolar Textile Composite Electrodes Enabling Flexible Tandem Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

A majority of flexible and wearable electronics require high operational voltage that is conventionally achieved by serial connection of battery unit cells using external wires. However, this inevitably decreases the energy density of the battery module and may cause additional safety hazards. Herein, a bipolar textile composite electrode (BTCE) that enables internal tandem-stacking configuration to yield high-voltage (6 to 12V class) solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) is reported. BTCE is comprised of a nickel-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric (NiPET) core layer, a cathode coated on one side of the NiPET, and a Li metal anode coated on the other side of the NiPET. Stacking BTCEs with solid-state electrolytes alternatively leads to the extension of output voltage and decreased usage of inert package materials, which in turn significantly boosts the energy density of the battery. More importantly, the BTCE-based SSLMB possesses remarkable capacity retention per cycle of over 99.98% over cycling. The composite structure of BTCE also enables outstanding flexibility; the battery keeps stable charge/discharge characteristics over thousands of bending and folding. BTCE shows great promise for future safe, high-energy-density, and flexible SSLMBs for a wide range of flexible and wearable electronics.

Near 100% Conversion of Acetylene to High-purity Ethylene at Ampere-Level Current.

Direct production of high-purity ethylene from acetylene using renewable energy through electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation presents a promising alternative to traditional thermocatalytic processes. However, the low conversion of acetylene results in a significant amount of acetylene impurities in the product, necessitating additional purification steps. Herein, a tandem electrocatalytic system that integrates acetylene electrolyzer and zinc-acetylene battery units for high-purity ethylene production is designed. The ultrathin CuO nanoribbons with enriched oxygen vacancies (CuO1-x NRs) as electrocatalysts achieve a remarkable 93.2% Faradaic efficiency of ethylene at an ampere-level current density of 1.0Acm-2 in an acetylene electrolyzer, and the power density reaches 3.8mWcm-2 in a zinc-acetylene battery under acetylene stream. Moreover, the tandem electrocatalysis system delivers a single-pass acetylene conversion of 99.998% and ethylene selectivity of 96.1% at a high current of 1.4A. Experimental data and calculations demonstrate that the presence of oxygen vacancies accelerates water dissociation to produce active hydrogen atoms while preventing the over-hydrogenation of ethylene. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis reveals that the tandem system can dramatically reduce the overall ethylene production cost compared to the conventional thermocatalytic processes. A novel strategy for complete acetylene-to-ethylene conversion under mild conditions, establishing a non-petroleum route for the production of ethylene is reported.

How battery capacities are correctly estimated considering latent short-circuit faults

Capacity is a key factor in assessing battery health. Traditional capacity estimation methods assume by default the battery is in a normal state. When there is a latent short-circuit fault, the measured current deviates from the actual current flowing into or out of the battery unit, leading to errors in capacity estimation. To address this challenge, we have constructed an end-cloud collaborative framework to accurately estimate the module's capacity considering the latent short-circuit faults. The core scheme is to estimate the module's charging capacity and discharging capacity simultaneously, obtain the module's operating mode based on the historical relationship between the two, conduct quantitative diagnosis for the short-circuit fault, and feedback the accurate capacity value. This framework addresses the coupled issue of erroneous capacity estimation in the presence of latent short-circuit faults, and the inability to diagnose module external short-circuit faults due to the lack of a comparison. This has profound significance for achieving more reliable battery safety management.

Adaptation of Triboelectric Nanogenerators to the Integrated Energy Storages by a Textured Multi‐Segment Structure

AbstractHigh‐level voltage and extremely low current are the main characteristics of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs). Despite TENGs, their Integrated Energy Storage (IES) units like supercapacitors and battery units require low‐level voltage and a high amount of current for self‐charging power applications. Using proper materials with higher triboelectric charge density is the most common approach to enhance the output current of TENGs. However, this approach alone does not satisfy the requirement of the integrated energy storage units, in which a relatively low voltage along with a sufficiently high current is needed. Consequently, alternative approaches such as employing a power management circuitry have been proposed. This paper introduces a technique based on the texture of multiple TENGs with identical small surface areas to adapt the TENGs to their IESs, specifically tailored for wearable electronics. Some experiments are conducted to evaluate the merits and limitations of the proposed approach. The experimental and analytical results are thoroughly analyzed to show the capabilities and restrictions of the method.

Test of a YBCO thin film based over current limiter employed in battery unit of SMES-battery HESS during charging process

This paper proposes a novel over current protection strategy based on YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thin film current limiter, to improve the over current stability of the battery unit in superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)-battery hybrid energy storage system (HESS) during charging process. The conventional over current protection strategy for battery unit is based on cutting off the operation of the battery unit to remove the fault. Especially, during the charging process, once the battery unit circuit is cut off, the stability and reliability of the HESS will be also reduced. Hence, considering the features of the YBCO thin film in both superconducting state and quench state, it can be deployed as the over current limiter, to keep the stability of the battery unit against the over current fault during the charging process. In this paper, we designed and fabricated the YBCO thin film over current limiter, meanwhile, the preliminary verification experiment was carried out in our laboratory. It can be found from the experimental results that the over current in battery unit can be limited effectively by its quench resistance without cutting off the whole circuit. Besides, the charge voltage fluctuation of the battery unit can be also compensated by using the proposed protection strategy. Thus, the stability and reliability of the battery unit against the over current fault in charging process can be further improved.

Мodelling of Passive Coupling of Battery Units of Hybrid Energy Storage System

Due to the development of electric transport and the growth of “green” energy, electric energy storage systems (ESS) are increasingly being used in the world. The growth of the battery market in the last decade has been 20-30%. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of an electric power storage device is its hybridization, i.e. the use of heterogeneous battery units. The paper examines the features of passive coupling of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries in a hybrid storage device. A model is presented for calculating the electrical characteristics of these units during operation. The possibility of choosing a hybrid drive structure that provides a comparable operating voltage range of the units (operation without voltage converters) is demonstrated. The modes of operation of a hybrid energy storage system are modeled both for simple parallel connection and for switching blocks according to a threshold algorithm. It is demonstrated that in order to equalize the discharge rate of the main and additional units, it is necessary to coordinate the capacity of the ESS, the degree of hybridization, the type of load and the electrical parameters of the batteries, which is impossible without modeling the system. When the threshold switching of the blocks takes place, additional control parameters, making it possible to change the discharge rate of the additional block and increase the economic efficiency of the hybrid ESS. Estimates of the economic efficiency of hybrid ESSs have been made for different values of the threshold switching voltage of the lithium-ion unit, as well as for three characteristic loads: an electric forklift truck, a 30-apartment apartment building and a 300-apartment residential complex. The results demonstrate the features and technical and economic potential of passive hybridization, can be used for the design of hybrid ESSs for small power systems with solar and wind power plants, in the calculation and design of generator – storage – consumer systems.

A novel battery management scheme for critical loads

AbstractThis article proposes a novel battery management system (BMS) to ensure uninterruptible power delivery to a 48 V DC bus used for electric vehicle charging stations, data centers, telecommunication systems, and critical care units such as hospitals. The proposed BMS facilitates constant current and constant voltage charging to maintain optimal battery performance during normal operation. This BMS is designed for effective control, monitoring and protection of two lead‐acid battery units to form battery energy storage system (BESS). Furthermore, it is capable of isolating batteries in abnormal conditions and operates them independently to provide reliable supply at output terminals with full capacity. The system utilizes a 30 V DC source derived from AC mains or solar photovoltaic system. This supply is used to charge the BESS and also supply to the load. In the event of failure of 30 V supply, it seamlessly transits to BESS mode to supply power to boost converter to maintain constant 48 V DC output at load terminal. The proposed system architecture not only enhances power reliability but also improves overall system efficiency, making it well‐suited for critical applications require continuous and stable power supply. Simulation studies using Matlab/Simulink and analytical results using TINA (Tool kit for Interactive Network Analysis) are presented to show that 48 V DC supply is maintained at output terminals during failure of input 30 V DC source or failure of one battery unit.

Nonlinear observer-based state-of-charge balancing of networked battery energy storage systems

In this paper, we propose an observer-based algorithm for balancing the state-of-charge (SoC) among battery units in a battery energy storage system (BESS). The dynamical behaviour of a battery unit is approximated by an equivalent circuit model, based on which a nonlinear SoC observer can be constructed. Power distribution laws are designed for the battery units according to the states of the battery units, the average battery state, and the average power demand. Distributed estimation algorithms for the average battery state and the average power demand, as well as SoC observers, are constructed to implement them. The BESS is shown to achieve SoC balancing among all its battery units while satisfying the power demand, as long as mild conditions on the underlying communication network and on the power demand are met. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A Switched Z-Source and Switched Capacitor Multi-Level Inverter Integrated Low Voltage Renewable Source for Grid Connected Application

Most of the renewable sources generate power at lower voltage levels in the range of 20-50V which cannot be utilized by the loads. Therefore, stacking multiple modules in series increases the voltage level or using conventional boost converter or QZSis helpful. However, due to series stacking and boost converter or QZS there is a great power loss and also have reliability issues.The QZS inverter has very less boosting gain in the range of 2times. Theconventional boost converter or QZSis replaced with SZSC for voltage boosting and inverter operation. The SZSC boosts the voltage 4-5 times to the input voltage level. For further mitigation of harmonics, the conventional 6-switch inverter is replaced with switched capacitor MLI. Multiple renewable sources are at the input which include PV array, battery unit and PMSG wind module. The battery unit is a support to the renewable sources PV array and wind module. The DC link voltage stability is achieved by the battery unit placed in parallel to the renewable sources. The renewable sources share power to the grid through the SZSC and switched capacitor MLI. For DC voltage stability a CV control is integrated to SZSC. And for synchronized power sharing to the grid, a grid voltage feedback synchronization control is included for the control of MLI. A low rating renewable system is modelled and integrated to grid using Simulink MATLAB software. A comparative analysis is carried out operating the system with QZS and SZSC. The performances of the SZSC and MLI are evaluated by the graphs generated by the simulation of the modelled system.

Early-Stage ISC Fault Detection for Ship Lithium Batteries Based on Voltage Variance Analysis

With the progressive development of new energy technologies, high-power lithium batteries have been widely used in ship power systems due to their high-power density and low environmental pollution, and they have gradually become one of their main propulsion energy sources. However, the large-scale deployment of lithium batteries has also brought a series of safety problems to ship operations, especially the battery internal short circuit (ISC). Battery ISC faults are very hidden and unpredictable at the initial stage and often fail to be detected in time, ultimately leading to overheating, fire or even an explosion of the ship’s power system. Based on this, this paper proposes a fast and accurate method for early-stage ISC fault location and detection of lithium batteries. Initially, voltage variations across the lithium battery packs are quantified using curvilinear Manhattan distances to pinpoint faulty battery units. Subsequently, the localized characteristics of voltage variance among adjacent batteries are leveraged to detect an early-stage ISC fault. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can quickly and accurately locate the position of 5 Ω, 10 Ω and 15 Ω ISC faulty batteries within the battery pack, as well as detect the abnormal batteries in a timely manner with considerable sensitivity and reliability.

Techno-economic simulation and sensitivity analysis of modular cogeneration with organic rankine cycle and battery energy storage system for enhanced energy performance

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency and cost implications of a modular cogeneration plant integrated with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant. The objective is to assess the performance of the system when waste heat recovery through the ORC cycle is added to the exhaust line and compare it with the original system. Techno-economic parameters were analyzed for two different configurations: one with the maximum BESS size and another with the maximum Primary Energy Savings (PES).The results demonstrate that the incorporation of the ORC plant yields several notable outcomes. While there is a slight increase in the Simple Payback Period (SPB) and Net Present Value (NPV) in both configurations, the magnitudes of these increases are relatively low. In contrast, the introduction of the ORC cycle leads to substantial reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and significant improvements in Primary Energy Savings (PES). For the Max PES configuration, a remarkable 25% reduction in CO2 emissions and a substantial 22% improvement in PES were observed. To further investigate the system's response to varying economic conditions, a sensitivity analysis was performed. The analysis considered the effects of changes in the cost of battery, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit, ORC components, electricity, and fuel on the system's Simple Payback Period (SPB) and Net Present Value (NPV). The results revealed that the sensitivity of the Max PES configuration to economic parameters was higher compared to the Max BESS system.These findings highlight the considerable advantages of integrating an ORC plant into a cogeneration system with a BESS. The significant reduction in CO2 emissions and the noteworthy improvement in Primary Energy Savings (PES) outweigh the relatively minor negative impact on the Simple Payback Period (SPB) and Net Present Value (NPV). This integrated configuration demonstrates both environmental benefits and energy efficiency improvements. The results provide valuable insights for the design, optimization, and decision-making processes involved in the implementation of cogeneration systems with energy storage, promoting sustainable and cost-effective solutions.

Fault diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries based on wavelet packet decomposition and Manhattan average distance

ABSTRACT As lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, safety accidents caused by battery failures emerge one after another. Nevertheless, failures caused by changes in the internal structure or characteristics of the battery, such as sudden and progressive failures, are still a serious problem for electric vehicles, challenging existing fault diagnosis methods. This paper first performs wavelet packet decomposition on the battery’s raw voltage signal to obtain high-quality low-frequency and high-frequency characteristic signal components. Then performs singular value decomposition on the characteristic signal components to extract the corresponding singular value characteristic parameters, and introduces the Manhattan average distance algorithm to battery faults. Diagnosing and locating faulty battery units using the Laida criterion (3-σ criterion) outlier detection method. Finally, actual vehicle data were used to verify the reliability, stability, accuracy of the method, and compared with the traditional Manhattan distance, correlation coefficient, information entropy methods. The method in this paper has good fault detection effects on vehicles with sudden and progressive faults vehicles.

Dependence of Interlayer or Sulfur Host on Hollow Framework of Lithium-Sulfur Battery.

Lithium-sulfur batteries are recognized as the next generation of high-specific energy secondary batteries owing to their satisfactory theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, their commercial application is greatly limited by a series of problems, including disordered migration behavior, sluggish redox kinetics, and the serious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides. One of the most efficient approaches to physically limit the shuttle effect is the rational design of a hollow framework as sulfur host. However, the influence of the hollow structure on the interlayers has not been clearly reported. In this study, the Mo2C/C catalysts with hollow(H-Mo2C/C) and solid(S-Mo2C/C) frameworks are rationally designed to explore the dependence of the hollow structure on the interlayer or sulfur host. In contrast to the physical limitations of the hollow framework as host, the hollow structure of the interlayer inhibited lithium-ion diffusion, resulting in poor electrochemical properties at high current densities. Based on the superiority of the various frameworks, the H-Mo2C/C@S | S-Mo2C/C@PP | Li cells are assembled and displayed excellent electrochemical performance. This work re-examines the design requirements and principles of catalyst frameworks in different battery units.

Improved rule-based power distribution algorithm for hybrid battery storage systems and real-world validation

Large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) can serve many applications and are already widely used for grid services. The rapidly growing BESS market and the recent interest in their deployment accentuate the need for safe, reliable, and highly available energy management systems (EMS) for automated control. However, the EMS and their integrated power distribution algorithms (PDA) can still be optimized to adapt various characteristics of the BESS. This study investigates a new version of a PDA with a particular focus on battery aging and system efficiency. The rule-based PDA has been validated on a 6 MW/7.5 MWh BESS system with five battery technologies providing frequency containment reserve to the German power grid. The results underline the PDA's capability to exploit the individual strengths of each battery technology. The PDA sets objectives for the state of charge, energy throughput, and power of the batteries to extend battery life. The distribution of energy throughputs among batteries can be selected in advance through the new implementation of the PDA. At the same time, the inverters are significantly less often activated and used in the optimal efficiency range, increasing the overall system efficiency to approximately 82 %. The optimized switching behavior leads to less frequent power switching between individual battery units and longer phases with more constant power. In addition, the operational efficiency of BESS can be improved by the choice of battery technology and the overall system layout on the hardware side. The improvements on the software side are only possible by increasing the overall power requests through multi-use operation by about 6 % compared to our benchmark test. The results can be used by BESS operators to increase operational profits due to longer battery life and fewer efficiency losses.

Model-based impending lithium battery terminal voltage collapse detection via data-driven and machine learning approaches

Lithium battery is an important power source of an electrical vehicle (EV). Practically, when a battery is about to fail, it needs to be removed from the load because keeping it connected can lead to permanent damage. Hence, it is important to detect battery failure to sustain the lifespan of the battery and avoid safety issues which will contribute to the sustainability of the EV. However, determining the effective disconnecting or discharging moment of the battery remains a challenging issue in EV applications. In order to solve the abovementioned problem, a control framework and maximum likelihood estimation are proposed to estimate the parameters of a battery model. In addition, both the sparse representation and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) approaches are applied to protect the physical battery unit from a failure scenario. For comparison purposes, the proposed framework is compared to a Lyapunov-based detection approach along with neural network (NN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Moreover, several state estimation algorithms are applied to estimate battery state of charge (SOC) at each time step: extended Kalman filter, extended Kalman smooth variable structure filter, and cubature Kalman filter. Finally, the experimental results showed that the proposed DMD approach outperforms the sparse representation, NN, LDA, and Lyapunov-based approaches in terms of detection accuracy. Moreover, the proposed DMD strategy is more robust towards the inaccuracy of the estimated SOC. Besides that, the proposed battery model parameter estimation approach exhibited fast processing time; therefore, it is a reliable choice for recomputing the model parameters from time to time to compensate aging effect. An autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was simulated as a proof-of-concept in a MATLAB environment to verify the detection performance of the proposed methods. Both actual and UAV results showed that the DMD demonstrated more robust detection performance than other methods in terms of processing time and detection accuracy.

A real-time energy flow management of a grid-connected renewable energy sources-based EV charging station

ABSTRACT As the sales of electric vehicles (EVs) increase in India, there will be an increase in the number of charging stations in the future. Meanwhile, the demand for extra power from the grid and intermittent power from renewable energy presents significant challenges for charging infrastructure. This paper presents a real-time energy flow management strategy (EFMS) designed for an EV charging station (EVCS) that utilises power from renewable energy sources (RES), an energy storage battery unit (ESBU), and the grid. The primary objective is to increase the utilisation of renewable energy and minimise the quantity of electricity bought during the peak period of the grid by implementing direct electric vehicle load control. EVCS has been designed to charge up to 80 EVs using five DC chargers. The EFMS aims to enhance the scheduling of EV charging by considering grid time-of-use (ToU) pricing and efficient usage of ESBU in terms of battery degradation effect and maximising the use of RES. A multi-objective optimisation algorithm has been developed for EV scheduling. The baseline uncoordinated charge method is contrasted with the proposed approach. The EFMS effectiveness is tested in MATLAB, and the subsequent analysis and results are drawn and discussed.

Implementation of battery storage system in a solar PV-based EV charging station

Commercial production of solar-powered battery charging stations for electric vehicles has recently started largely as a result of the growing popularity of electric vehicle (EV) technology as well as the falling cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The rise in popularity of EVs may be attributed to both the progression of technology and rising awareness of environmental issues. In this work, a 400V DC bus voltage-based EV charging station is designed which is powered by both a PV system and a utility grid. Also, battery energy storage units are used to overcome the unpredictable behavior of the environment. An Energy management algorithm (EMA) has been presented to balance the power flow among PV, EVs, BESS, grid, and residential load. A sharing coefficient-based power sharing is done between the grid and battery to reduce the stress from the battery units. Then, a multi-step constant current charging method is used to charge the EVs in the charging station to maintain the proper state of charge (SOC) of EV batteries. During this study, different operating conditions are considered according to available PV power and load to validate the power management scheme in the EV charging station. The model is run using MATLAB simulation and opal-RT simulation. The obtained results have been demonstrated with an explanation and system performance verification.