A real-time energy flow management of a grid-connected renewable energy sources-based EV charging station

Abstract

ABSTRACT As the sales of electric vehicles (EVs) increase in India, there will be an increase in the number of charging stations in the future. Meanwhile, the demand for extra power from the grid and intermittent power from renewable energy presents significant challenges for charging infrastructure. This paper presents a real-time energy flow management strategy (EFMS) designed for an EV charging station (EVCS) that utilises power from renewable energy sources (RES), an energy storage battery unit (ESBU), and the grid. The primary objective is to increase the utilisation of renewable energy and minimise the quantity of electricity bought during the peak period of the grid by implementing direct electric vehicle load control. EVCS has been designed to charge up to 80 EVs using five DC chargers. The EFMS aims to enhance the scheduling of EV charging by considering grid time-of-use (ToU) pricing and efficient usage of ESBU in terms of battery degradation effect and maximising the use of RES. A multi-objective optimisation algorithm has been developed for EV scheduling. The baseline uncoordinated charge method is contrasted with the proposed approach. The EFMS effectiveness is tested in MATLAB, and the subsequent analysis and results are drawn and discussed.