Basic Objects Research Articles

CORRESPONDENCE OF NUMERICAL MODELS OF LANDSLIDE-PRONE SLOPE TO PHYSICAL OBJECTS OF RESEARCH

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the adequacy of numerical models to real physical objects, which significantly depends on how precisely the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil massif are determined. This especially applies to the determination of critical geometric parameters of slopes. Methodology. Generalization of well-known research in geomechanics and geotechnics, which used an approach to determine the main mechanical characteristics of the soil massif based on the analysis of the deformed state, including critical, real objects, and subsequent back-calculations. Findings. According to the methodology in accordance with the specified approach, all objects under investigation, regardless of their final purpose, are classified according to a justified classification feature. For each class, the following basic real objects are selected, on which irreversible changes in the deformation state have occurred. If the geological structure, hydrogeology of the rock massif, external influences, as well as the geometric parameters of such a destructive process, which is a landslide, are known, then through reverse calculations it is possible to find such averaged physical and mechanical characteristics, the use of which for the appropriate class of selected objects will allow to build and investigate an adequate geomechanical model. Originality. A methodical approach to the determination of physical and mechanical characteristics by their selection, using cases of manifestations of the stress-strain state of pre-classified real objects, is proposed. Practical value. Determining the critical conditions of natural slopes and artificial slopes based on the assessment of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil massif as a whole by means of reverse calculations will allow to safely design the construction of buildings and structures on the slopes and ensure the reliable operation of open pit mining operations.

Computing the Noncommutative Inner Rank by Means of Operator-Valued Free Probability Theory

AbstractWe address the noncommutative version of the Edmonds’ problem, which asks to determine the inner rank of a matrix in noncommuting variables. We provide an algorithm for the calculation of this inner rank by relating the problem with the distribution of a basic object in free probability theory, namely operator-valued semicircular elements. We have to solve a matrix-valued quadratic equation, for which we provide precise analytical and numerical control on the fixed point algorithm for solving the equation. Numerical examples show the efficiency of the algorithm.

Multilevel Fine-Grained Features-Based General Framework for Object Detection.

This article proposes a practical and generalizable object detector, termed feature extraction-fusion-prediction network (FEFP-Net) for real-world application scenarios. The existing object detection methods have recently achieved excellent performance, however they still face three major challenges for real-world applications, i.e., feature similarity between classes, object size variability, and inconsistent localization and classification predictions. In order to effectively alleviate the current difficulties, the FEFP-Net with three key components is proposed, and the improved detection accuracy is proved in various applications: 1) Extraction Phase: an adaptive fine-grained feature extraction network is proposed to capture features of interest from coarse to fine details, which effectively avoids misclassification due to feature similarity; 2) Fusion Phase: a bidirectional neighbor connection network is designed to identify objects with different sizes by aggregating multilevel features and 3) Prediction Phase: in order to improve the accuracy of object localization and classification, a task specific prediction network is presented, which sufficiently exploits both the spatial and channel information of features. Compared with the State-of-the-Art methods, we achieved competitive results in the MS-COCO dataset. Further, we demonstrated the performance of FEFP-Net in different application fields, such as medical imaging, industry, agriculture, transportation, and remote sensing. These comprehensive experiments indicate that FEFP-Net has satisfactory accuracy and generalizability as a basic object detector.

Da Lógica à Natureza: a posição de Hegel não-romântica e pós-kantiana da Naturphilosophie

This is to lay out the issues involved in an appropriately post-Kantian interpretation of Hegel’s Naturphilosophie, which I translate not as “philosophy of nature” but as “natural philosophy”. Pure thought as Kant argued is empty, but he thought that he could supply pure content to it by the combination of pure intuitions and the unity of self-consciousness. His successors, especially Fichte, did not think that resolved matters, and Hegel tried to make good on what he saw as the failures of Fichte’s attempt to do Kantian philosophy without pure intuitions. Hegel however also saw that one could not begin with self-consciousness per se or with Fichte’s “I.” Instead, Hegel proposed a Logic that would give an internally self-enclosed system of pure thoughts as what was needed to make sense of making sense. Famously, he concluded the system with some not entirely clear ideas about its needing a move to a Naturphilosophie that was not a move in terms of a “transition.” Pure thought thus developed a concept of that which would be external to pure thought itself (like Fichte’s “Not-I”) but still something intrinsically linked to pure thought. This is the very concept of “externality to pure thought itself,” which first appears as space and time. The development of the simple thought of “external to pure thought” leads to a non-empiricist account of nature. Empiricists study regularities of nature in the Humean sense, but these regularities, although existent, are not fully “actual” in that they are not what is doing the work of explanation. What explains the regularities themselves are the various pure objects of the Naturphilosophie: The mechanical, the physical, the chemical and the biological fields of nature, each of which manifests a power [Potenz] that explains why the empirically found regularities in nature actually hold. The basic objects of a true Naturphilosophie present a unified field of investigation that is defined by the field’s powers and which in turn calls out for an empirical investigation of how these powers actually operate in the vast continuum of nature. Each of these distinct fields moreover has its own distinct form of causality, culminating in the causality of freedom in the human realm. It is then suggested that the reason for the transition from Logic to Nature is that pure thought on its own is powerless and finds itself filled with only the shadows of the world as a whole. This has implications for how we think of Hegel’s system as a whole.

Computing the unit group of a commutative finite $\mathbb{Z}$-algebra

For a commutative finite $\mathbb{Z}$-algebra, i.e., for a commutative ring $R$ whose additive group is finitely generated, it is known that the group of units of $R$ is finitely generated, as well. Our main results are algorithms to compute generators and the structure of this group. This is achieved by reducing the task first to the case of reduced rings, then to torsion-free reduced rings, and finally to an order in a reduced ring. The simplified cases are treated via a calculation of exponent lattices and various algorithms to compute the minimal primes, primitive idempotents, and other basic objects. All algorithms have been implemented and are available as a SageMath package. Whenever possible, the time complexity of the described methods is tracked carefully.

3D visualisation method for urban road waterlogging based on mobile augmented reality

ABSTRACT 3D waterlogging visualisation is an immersive method to understand how water accumulates in specific areas. Since urban waterlogging involves complex subsystems above and below the ground, augmented reality (AR) visualisation is especially effective for risk perception. In this paper, a 3D visualisation method for urban road waterlogging based on mobile augmented reality is proposed. The waterlogging situation is simulated by integrating open-source Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and Weighted Cellular Automata 2D Inundation Model (WCA2D). The 3D pipe network and road inundation volume objects are constructed and organised as the basic geospatial objects for AR visualisation. Then, the simulated flow results are mapped and fused with 3D objects, achieving enhanced waterlogging visualisation based on mobile augmented reality. The method is applied to a case study in Wuhan, China. The results demonstrate that underground pipe drainage and surface runoff processes can be presented intuitively from the perspective of mobile AR. The scene rendering organised by the multilevel index is smooth, with an FPS of more than 30 frames. This research provides methodological and practical references for the general public to increase waterlogging awareness and make emergency decisions.

Application of Naive Bayes Algorithm for Sentiment Analysis of Service and Facility Satisfaction (Case Study: PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo General Hospital)

PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Hospital is a health facility located in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The role of the hospital in the Sukoharjo community is very important in terms of the level of community satisfaction with its services and facilities. Opinions and assessments from the community also affect the assessment of the quality of service provided by the hospital. A large assessment can be seen on Google Maps review, which will take time for the community. Public complaints on Google Maps review of PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Hospital became the basic object of this research. This research uses the Naive Bayes algorithm to categorize the assessment based on positive and negative sentiments. Two hundred nine review data from Google Maps were processed with text processing and classified using Naïve Bayes. Test results using 10% test data show a dominant positive sentiment, with 90% accuracy, 94% precision, and 83% recall.

Railway Track Tamping Maintenance Cycle Prediction Model Based on Power-Time-Transformed Wiener Process

Predicting the tamping cycles of railway track sections based on track geometry deterioration rules is necessary to reasonably allocate the limited tamping maintenance resources. Existing research on track geometry deterioration modeling for tamping cycle prediction lacks simultaneous consideration of the deterioration characteristics including heterogeneity, uncertainty, and historical dependence, thereby limiting the accuracy of the prediction results. Thus, this study considers a 200 m track segment as the basic object and uses the power-time-transformed Wiener process to develop a deterioration prediction model for the longitudinal level of a segment between two adjacent tamping operations. Moreover, it individually estimates the model parameters for each track segment to predict the tamping maintenance cycle for each segment combined with the tamping maintenance threshold of the longitudinal level index. Finally, through a case study of the Chinese Lanxin Railway line, the effectiveness of the proposed model and different parameter estimation methods is assessed.

Diameter of Compact Riemann Surfaces

AbstractDiameter is one of the most basic properties of a geometric object, while Riemann surfaces are one of the most basic geometric objects. Surprisingly, the diameter of compact Riemann surfaces is known exactly only for the sphere and the torus. For higher genuses, only very general but loose upper and lower bounds are available. The problem of calculating the diameter exactly has been intractable since there is no simple expression for the distance between a pair of points on a high-genus surface. Here we prove that the diameters of a class of simple Riemann surfaces known as generalized Bolza surfaces of any genus greater than 1 are equal to the radii of their fundamental polygons. This is the first exact result for the diameter of a compact hyperbolic manifold.

ГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ

The methods of processing multimedia and graphical information in operating systems are studied using the example of MCI, API and GDI interfaces of Windows operating system. The interfaces of GDI and GDI+ graphics devices are examined in detail. The capabilities and features of the OpenGL graphics library, which is commonly used in the Windows operating system, are presented. The principles of operation of the GDI interface are given. Three types of drawing tools supported by the context of the GDI interface are examined in detail: pen, brush and font. The stages of coordination of logical and physical coordinate systems are considered. The OpenGL library graphics elements (bits arrays, polygons, segments, polylines, etc.), as well as basic geometric objects and a set of polyhedra: cube, cone, torus, octahedron, icosahedron, dodecahedron and tetrahedron are considered. As an example of OpenGL library usage, a three-dimensional graphics editor was studied. It works with three-dimensional objects of various types and allows reproduction of an object in two modes (lines and a solid surface), as well as performance of following operations with a graphic object: deformation, rotation, transpositionong along axes, loading and saving on hard drive.

From port-based teleportation to Frobenius reciprocity theorem: partially reduced irreducible representations and their applications

In this paper, we present the connection of two concepts as induced representation and partially reduced irreducible representations (PRIR) appear in the context of port-based teleportation protocols. Namely, for a given finite group G with arbitrary subgroup H, we consider a particular case of matrix irreducible representations, whose restriction to the subgroup H, as a matrix representation of H, is completely reduced to diagonal block form with an irreducible representation of H in the blocks. The basic properties of such representations are given. Then as an application of this concept, we show that the spectrum of the port-based teleportation operator acting on n systems is connected in a very simple way with the spectrum of the corresponding Jucys–Murphy operator for the symmetric group S(n-1)⊂S(n). This shows on the technical level relation between teleporation and one of the basic objects from the point of view of the representation theory of the symmetric group. This shows a deep connection between the central object describing properties of deterministic PBT schemes and objects appearing naturally in the abstract representation theory of the symmetric group. In particular, we present a new expression for the eigenvalues of the Jucys–Murphy operators based on the irreducible characters of the symmetric group. As an additional but not trivial result, we give also purely matrix proof of the Frobenius reciprocity theorem for characters with explicit construction of the unitary matrix that realizes the reduction in the natural basis of induced representation to the reduced one.

Reorientasi Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika

This study aims to review the legal aspects or legal reorientation towards children who are determined as perpetrators of narcotics crimes in Indonesia. This research is very important to be carried out conceptually to be able to provide measurable firm sanctions in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Narcotics and the Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This research is a normative juridical research using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results of the study found that re-orientation of the legal aspects of children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes is very important to do because there is ambiguity related to the process of punishing children as drug offenders. First, the use of the Law on Narcotics as a basic object is still borne by the perpetrator in accordance with the stipulated articles, evidence that results in criminal sanctions according to the provisions. Second, for minors, the defense is still carried out in accordance with the Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, where there is a reduction in sanctions that take into account the mental and physical condition of the child. When the verdict has been determined, the offender must be placed in a special correctional institution for children and given the right to medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation because they consider the child's future. Third, the rehabilitation aspect can be prioritized as is the case when children are only designated as victims, or there is no evidence against them as the main perpetrators of Narcotics.

Topological insulators and K-theory

We analyze topological invariants, in particular Z2 invariants, which characterize time reversal invariant topological insulators, in the framework of index theory and K-theory. After giving a careful study of the underlying geometry and K-theory, we formalize topological invariants as elements of KR theory. To be precise, the strong topological invariants lie in the higher KR groups of spheres; KR̃−j−1(SD+1,d). Here j is a KR-cycle index, as well as an index counting off the Altland-Zirnbauer classification of Time Reversal Symmetry (TRS) and Particle Hole Symmetry (PHS)—as we show. In this setting, the computation of the invariants can be seen as the evaluation of the natural pairing between KR-cycles and KR-classes. This fits with topological and analytical index computations as well as with Poincaré Duality and the Baum–Connes isomorphism for free Abelian groups. We provide an introduction starting from the basic objects of real, complex and quaternionic structures which are the mathematical objects corresponding to TRS and PHS. We furthermore detail the relevant bundles and K-theories (Real and Quaternionic) that lead to the classification as well as the topological setting for the base spaces.

Retina‐Inspired Nanofluidic Membranes for Underwater Visual Imaging Based on Active Ion Transport

AbstractThrough evolution, biological organisms have developed ways to sense light using ion channels, which holds several advantages, such as energy efficiency and water resistance, over humanmade optoelectronic devices. Herein, a retina‐inspired nanofluidic system is presented with a Janus heterogeneous membrane (J‐HM), which can achieve underwater visual imaging through light‐driven active ion transport. The J‐HMs are obtained through sequentially assembled WS2, and a kind of metal–organic framework nanosheets via the reaction between 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene hydrate (HHTP) and Cu2+ (Cu‐HHTP). Due to the formed intramembrane electric field caused by the efficient charge separation under illumination, a photovoltaic driving force is generated for active ion transport from Cu‐HHTP to WS2. Furthermore, the unidirectionally active ion transport can be enhanced by self‐diffusion under a concentration gradient. The J‐HM with a single‐pixel design shows a nearly linear response with light intensity and has enough resolution for basic object recognition as well as a long‐term memory after data processing using a defined pixelated matrix, which can pave an avenue for designing more intelligent sensing systems.

Design of rural tourism management cloud platform based on intelligent audio processing and sensor navigation positioning

People's living standards are constantly improving, and many people are eager to travel, especially to rural areas, which has become a tourism trend, which has also driven the local economy. Each place is actively utilizing the advantages of its own region to establish a unique tourism economic industry chain and seek the interests of local villagers. Based on this, this article takes the specific development of contemporary rural tourism industry as the basic research object, and develops a specialized rural tourism management cloud service system platform. The system mainly relies on intelligent audio processing and related navigation and positioning functions. By finely processing the collected intelligent audio signals, utilizing specialized data conversion tools to improve the accuracy of the collected signals, and using a linear aliasing model to handle subsequent problems. We also propose a carrier based system coordinate for navigation and positioning algorithms, which can estimate the optimal information value among them. In addition, this article also conducted a specific analysis of the performance of two models, namely the single step model and the Seq2Seq model. The tourism management cloud service system platform for rural areas based on intelligent audio related processing and precise navigation positioning proposed in this article can effectively promote the development of local rural tourism and improve the quality of life of villagers.

Enabling particle transport on CAD-based geometries for radiation simulations with penRed

Geometry construction is a fundamental aspect of any radiation transport simulation, regardless of the Monte Carlo code being used. Typically, this process is tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone. The conventional approach involves defining geometries using mathematical objects or surfaces. However, this method comes with several limitations, especially when dealing with complex models, particularly those with organic shapes. Furthermore, since each code employs its own format and methodology for defining geometries, sharing and reproducing simulations among researchers becomes a challenging task. Consequently, many codes have implemented support for simulating over geometries constructed via Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. Unfortunately, this feature is lacking in penRed and other PENELOPE physics-based codes. Therefore, the objective of this work is to implement such support within the penRed framework. New version program summaryProgram Title: Parallel Engine for Radiation Energy Deposition (penRed)CPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/rkw6tvtngy.2Developer's repository link:https://github.com/PenRed/PenRedCode Ocean capsule:https://codeocean.com/capsule/1041417/treeLicensing provisions: GNU Affero General Public License v3Programming language: C++ standard 2011.Journal reference of previous version: V. Giménez-Alventosa, V. Giménez Gómez, S. Oliver, PenRed: An extensible and parallel Monte-Carlo framework for radiation transport based on PENELOPE, Computer Physics Communications 267 (2021) 108065. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108065.Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesReasons for the new version: Implements the capability to simulate on CAD constructed geometries, among many other features and fixes.Summary of revisions: All changes applied through the code versions are summarized in the file CHANGELOG.md in the repository package.Nature of problem: While Monte Carlo codes have proven valuable in simulating complex radiation scenarios, they rely heavily on accurate geometrical representations. In the same way as many other Monte Carlo codes, penRed employs simple geometric quadric surfaces like planes, spheres and cylinders to define geometries. However, since these geometric models offer a certain level of flexibility, these representations have limitations when it comes to simulating highly intricate and irregular shapes. Anatomic structures, for example, require detailed representations of organs, tissues and bones, which are difficult to achieve using basic geometric objects. Similarly, complex devices or intricate mechanical systems may have designs that cannot be accurately represented within the constraints of such geometric models. Moreover, when the complexity of the model increases, geometry construction process becomes more difficult, tedious, time-consuming and error-prone [2]. Also, as each Monte Carlo geometry library uses its own format and construction method, reproducing the same geometry among different codes is a challenging task.Solution method: To face the problems stated above, the objective of this work is to implement the capability to simulate using irregular and adaptable meshed geometries in the penRed framework. This kind of meshes can be constructed using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools, the use of which is very widespread and streamline the design process. This feature has been implemented in a new geometry module named “MESH_BODY” specific for this kind of geometries. This one is freely available and usable within the official penRed package1. It can be used since penRed version 1.9.3b and above.

Искусственная нейронная сеть как разновидность самоорганизующейся сети однотипных элементов

The paper analyzes existing artificial neural networks. The stages of their development are shown using three generations of artificial neural networks as an example: perceptron-based, artificial deep neural and spiking neural networks. Artificial neural networks are compared with spiking neural networks, as well as with biological neural networks. The role of structural elements of a neuron cell (axons, dendrites, synapses) in the processes of learning and memorizing information is shown. The role of dendrites in collecting, processing, and transmitting information to the neuron soma is discussed in sufficient detail. It is noted that signal transmission between different neural cells occurs through a change in the state of the intercellular space, the concept of which is absent in artificial neural networks. The general problem of modeling the interaction and self-organization of various similar objects is formulated. To study the possibility of creating self-organizing networks of similar elements, the development of a computing complex is proposed that allows modeling the nature of interaction, self-organization, physical and mathematical descriptions, and processes of memorizing information depending on external conditions. It is noted that the basic objects of a network of similar elements do not necessarily have to be represented by neurons and can have a different nature depending on the task. A set of requirements for basic objects and principles of network organization based on them is discussed, ensuring the possibility of self-organization and maintaining the network in working condition for a specified time.

Tensor-Based Lyapunov Deep Neural Networks Offloading Control Strategy with Cloud-Fog-Edge Orchestration

Using DNN (Deep Neural Networks) models to obtain high Quality of Services (QoS) through the cloud has become increasingly popular nowadays. Users want to use DNN by their edges (such as smartphones) anytime and anywhere. For most small and medium-sized enterprises, cloud computing resources are limited. Temporary exhaustion of resources may cause obvious service delay. For users, if all tasks are done locally, the battery capacity of the edge is too small to support such huge computing tasks. To remove this contradiction, we propose a Tensor-based Lyapunov DNN Offloading Control (TLDOC) strategy. First, we offload DNN computational tasks to cloud-fog-edge from an overall perspective. That is, layers in DNN are considered as basic offloadable objects. Second, we provide an original tensor-based Lyapunov equation and the entire process is derived in the tensor space. Lastly, we consider more key limiting factors (e.g., cellular data and remaining edge energy) to achieve better QoS. Via above contributions, our strategy reduces service delay and energy consumption for DNN cloud-fog-edge orchestration. Our experiments include two parts - detail and comparison. The experimental detail verifies that TLDOC strategy is practical and stable. Compared experiments show that our strategy could provide better QoS than existing methods on efficiency and energy saving.

Navigating Mathematical Basics: A Primer for Deep Learning in Science.

We present a gentle introduction to elementary mathematical notation with the focus of communicating deep learning principles. This is a "math crash course" aimed at quickly enabling scientists with understanding of the building blocks used in many equations, formulas, and algorithms that describe deep learning. While this short presentation cannot replace solid mathematical knowledge that needs multiple courses and years to solidify, our aim is to allow nonmathematical readers to overcome hurdles of reading texts that also use such mathematical notation. We describe a few basic deep learning models using mathematical notation before we unpack the meaning of the notation. In particular, this text includes an informal introduction to summations, sets, functions, vectors, matrices, gradients, and a few more objects that are often used to describe deep learning. While this is a mathematical crash course, our presentation is kept in the context of deep learning and machine learning models including the sigmoid model, the softmax model, and fully connected feedforward deep neural networks. We also hint at basic mathematical objects appearing in neural networks for images and text data.

Modeling the Social Influence Effectiveness of Popular Weibo Events

Social networks are important for people to obtain information, make comments, and exchange opinions. The public opinion generated in social networks has a great impact on public life and value guidance, and the effect of public opinion is worth paying attention to and analyzing. Research on the influence of hot events can help us better understand the public attention and response to an event, and help industries and social organizations to judge market trends and predict future development direction. Social phenomena and trends reflected by hot events can be used as basic data and research objects for scientific research to promote the development and progress of the discipline. Aiming at social events in social networks, this paper analyzes the relevant user behavior data such as retweets, comments, likes, topic characteristics such as event duration, and other key characteristics and proposes an influence effectiveness analysis model for events, referred to as the caloric value model. This model is based on factors such as user interactivity, event activity, duration of the event, freshness of events,media attention, and the event heat decay ratio. It evaluates event heat, calculates the influence of events, identifies hot events with a high level of discussion, selects these hot events, and validates the findings through experiments. The model proposed in this paper has a good effect on the rationality and feasibility of heat evaluation.