Basic Human Need Research Articles

عرف و عادت بطور ماخذ قانون فقہ اور وضعی قوانین کا تقابلی مطالعہ Custom as a Source of Law – A Comparative Study of Islamic Law of Jurisprudence and Man-Made Laws

Law is a basic human need without which an orderly, civilized life is impossible. therefore, the concept of law is found in all times and places. A study of history reveals that two types of laws have been prevalent in the world i.e., Man-made laws and Divine law. This research paper analyses the comparative study of Fiqh and Man-made laws in the context of "Custom as a source of law" through Islamic Law of Jurisprudence literature and Non-Muslim thinkers' ideas. The study concludes that Man-Made laws are promulgated to protect the interest and ideologies of a few people in a specific context rather than to provide justice to all sections of society as put by non-Muslim thinkers while Islamic law is based on the sacred commands of Allah and His Messenger. The history of fourteen centuries bears witness to the fact that jurists made preeminent struggles to make clarification difficulties confronted by Muslims according to the need of all times and places, it made the repertoire of Islamic law unparalleled. And it guarantees the observance of customs that do not contradict the shariah texts. In short, in this article, custom and custom are presented as the source of jurisprudence and it is discussed in such a way that they can be implemented in the laws of the present day.

THE ACTIVITIES OF DISASTER - AFFECTED HOUSE IDENTIFICATION IN TANGERANG DISTRICT

Home is a basic human need. A house that is easy to interpret is a real house where a family can live inside. It is supported by the availability of clean water, lighting, and proper environmental equipment to meet basic needs from plumbing to sewerage. It is also safe for residents' activities that residents can objectively accept. Natural disasters are caused by nature in earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, droughts, hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions that affect people's homes. Rehabilitation activities for houses affected by disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and other disasters carried out by the Tangerang Regency Perkim Service Referring to the Law on the Regional Head of the National Disaster Management Agency of 2008 Number 11 are intended to fulfill the rehabilitation requirements. The important identification activities are carried out to ascertain whether the disaster-affected houses deserve assistance. The identification results become a reference in determining recommendations. Follow up on requests by drawing up plans and a schedule for the construction of the rehabilitation program

Heavy Metal contents of sachet Water in Gombe, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT Background: The provision of adequate clean drinking water is a basic human need in every society. In Nigeria, like many developing countries, the provision of clean drinking water is not adequate. The introduction of sachet water is seen by many as a solution to the problem. This is because it is affordable where more than a litter of it is sold at ten Naira or even less. The availability and affordability of sachet water have made it a preferred choice for most people despite questions being raised about the purity and potential toxicity. Objectives: To evaluate the heavy metal contents of sachet water in Gombe, Nigeria. Methodology: Forty samples of sachets water were bought randomly from the streets of Gombe and were analyzed for heavy metals content (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and nickel) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The data obtained were analyzed for frequencies and percentages for qualitative data and minimum and maximum for quantitative data using the system for statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.00 for windows. Results: None of the sachet water samples had the date of manufacture or expiry date while about 23% had no National agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) registration numbers. All the samples had lead levels above the WHO safety limits of 0.01mg/L. Mercury, cadmium and arsenic levels were higher than the safety limits in 23%, 15% and 5% of the samples respectively. No nickel was detected in all the samples. Conclusion: The majority of the sachet water in Gombe is contaminated with heavy metals lead, mercury and cadmium in concentrations above the WHO safety limits. Processes of water purification should be put in place to reduce the heavy metal contents of sachet water in Gombe. Keywords: Gombe, heavy metals, sachet water, toxicity

The "Motherland": An Archetypal and Postcolonial Reading of Ghassan Kanafani's Umm Saad

Working at the intersection of postcolonial and archetypal criticism, this article investigates the role of women in resistance literature by looking at a piece of postcolonial Arabic fiction, Ghassan Kanafani's Umm Saad (1969). Rooted in Arab politics concerning land rights and anti-Zionist struggle, the text offers a related archetypal approach to the depiction of women in politicized literature. Umm Saad allegorizes the struggles of Palestinians to reclaim their land. A poor peasant woman, the titular heroine embodies the intimate connection between Palestinians and their land, acting as a helper to combative men and a primal symbol for attachment to the enduring land. Umm Saad is a personal mother and a trope for a feminized colonized territory, metaphorically representing the Palestinian nation and assuming mythological features enabling her to identify with the Earth Mother to send a message against dispossession. Since she embodies positive mother archetype symbolism (the personal mother and the Earth Mother), she acts as a source of fertility and protection. Expressing a political statement via the mother archetype, Kanafani appeals to a basic human need, i.e. the need to settle down in one’s land, which makes woman an indispensible part of the collective unconscious of any nation. Keywords: Archetypal Criticism; Kanafani; Mother(land); Postcolonial Arabic Fiction; Umm Saad.

Pengaruh Bermain Drama terhadap Frekuensi Menggosok Gigi pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di Rumah Sakit

Play is funnies, any spontaneous and activity provides enjoyment. Play is of vital importance forhealth development of preschool child. Play offer ample physical, emotional, cognitive and socialbenefits. The child in hospitalization expressed feelings of anger, fear, insecurity, anxiety, guilt,hopelessness and deep loneliness exacerbated. Personal hygiene is a basic human need. Insufficientbrush tooth can affect child`s health (caries). During Hospitalization, a child may be affected byless brush tooth. These Problem sholud be addressed to allow preschool child to get brush toothtwice days. Role play Dramatic Therapy is a nursing intervention, that may be applied to manageless brush tooth. This study aims to determine effect play role in frequency brush tooth in hospital.This study was conducted in preschool children who treated in hospital with 32 samples. The studywas conducted in 2 September – 27 September 2019. The study was conducted with quantitativeresearch using category comparison, pre and post test intervention. Result; there was a significantcomparison before and after play therapy and frequency brush tooth with 3 days intervention.There was p value 0.007 Role Play Dramatic Therapy in hospital can be implemented on preschoolchildren to increase healty mouth with frequency brush tooth.

Women and Men’s Perspectives on the Factors Related to Women’s Dyadic Sexual Desire, and on the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Sexuality is a basic human need, which is expressed in the context of intimate personal relations. However, in studies of women’s sexuality, men’s attitudes are often overlooked. Health care providers can benefit from the examination of how both women and men perceive women’s sexual desire and what are the most acceptable avenues for treatment for women’s hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). This research aimed to explore differences between women and men on the factors affecting women’s sexual desire and the appropriate avenues for treatment. Data were collected using an online questionnaire from 233 heterosexual adults who had a dyadic, steady intimate relationship over most of the previous year. A theory-based questionnaire of 28 items was developed to explore the factors associated with women’s sexual desire. One quarter (7/28) of the items affecting women’s sexual desire were ranked significantly differently between women and men. Among women, interpersonal issues and physical attraction, and among men, physical attraction and daily hassles were the significant predictors of women’s sexual desire. Women more than men endorsed psychological help such as a sex therapist or psychologist as a more appropriate treatment for HSDD, while both men and women viewed the internet as a reasonable way to gain treatment information. Both women and men viewed gynecologists as a more acceptable source of treatment than a family doctor. Religious authorities were the least likely source of treatment advice for both women and men. The results support a multi-dimensional model of women’s sexual desire and suggest that psychological interventions to treat HSDD may be preferred by women more than men.

Comparing the Performance of Several Multivariate Control Charts Based on Residual of Multioutput Least Square SVR (MLS-SVR) Model in Monitoring Water Production Process

Water that is used as the basic human need, requires a processing process to get it. Water quality control in Tirtanadi Water Treatment Plant is still univariate, while theoretically the quality characteristics of water quality are correlated and there is also an autocorrelation due to the continuous process. In this study, quality control is performed on three main variables of water quality characteristics, namely acidity (pH), chlorine residual (ppm), and turbidity (NTU) using several multivariate control charts based on Multioutput Least Square Support Vector Regression (MLS-SVR) residuals. MLS-SVR modelling is used to overcome and get rid of autocorrelation. The input results of the MLS-SVR model are specified from the significant lag of the Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF), which in this study, is the first lag. The results of the MLS-SVR input model and the optimal combination of hyper-parameters produce residual values that have no autocorrelation anymore. The residuals are used to develop the Hotelling’s T 2, Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA), and Multivariate Cumulative Sum (MCUSUM) control charts. In phase I, we found that the processes are statically controlled. Meanwhile, in phase II, the monitoring results show that there are several out-of-control observations.

Legal Protection for Nadzir (Waqf Recipient) from Unregistered Waqf Land

Waqf in Indonesia that is carried out by the community is often not by the existing provisions and elements. As a result, there are many problems in waqf. One of the problems that can arise is the existence of waqf land that is not registered. This causes the recipient of the waqf, nadzir, as the manager of the donated land, to often get involved in disputes over the land. For this reason, legal protection and efforts are needed for nadzir from unregistered waqf land. In finding answers to these problems, researchers use certain legal theories as a basis for analyzing them. The method used in this research is normative legal research (normative juridical) and this research is descriptive analysis. The result is, the implementation of waqf in Indonesia is based on Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Regulations (UUPA), Government Regulation No. 28 of 1977 concerning Freehold Land Waqf, Government Regulation No. 24 of 1977 concerning Land Registration, Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf. These provisions are regulated to ensure certainty and protection for the implementation of waqf. Legal protection of the waqf land is very important considering that many parties want to control the donated land because the land is considered to have high economic value and is a very basic human need. For this reason, in obtaining legal strength and certainty, the waqf land must be registered so that it is legally registered as waqf property by the state. The donated land must obtain a waqf pledge deed which is then made a waqf certificate to ensure legal certainty. If the donated land does not have a waqf certificate, then it does not have legal force.

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING WATER CONSERVATION METHODS AMONG THE STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGES AT MANGALURU, KARNATAKA, INDIA- QUASI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

The importance of water is known to one and all. Despite water being the basic human need. Water is one of the precious natural resources each and every living being need to survive. The aim of this study was to access the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding water conservation methods among the students of selected colleges at Mangaluru, Karanataka, India. A Quasi Experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted to conduct this study. By using simple random sampling 120 college students were selected from the selected college of Mangaluru. Structured knowledge questionaries were used to collect the data after obtaining the written consent. AStructured teaching program was administered after pre- test and then set of post-test questionnaire was given after 7 days. Result showed that, majority i.e.,73.3% of samples had moderate, 25.5% had inadequate knowledge in pre-test, where as in post-test majority of the samples that is 48.3% had moderate knowledge, 42.5% had adequate knowledge regarding water conservation methods. The mean knowledge score in pre-test computed was 7.88±2.48 and in post-test 12.17 ± 3.87, which showed marked increase (4.29) in mean value. The calculated paired 't' test value was 9.84, (t (119) = 1.66 at p ≤ 0.05 signicance level) which showed signicant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding on water conservation methods and structured teaching programme was effective in signicant increasing the knowledge of college students. Result also 2 revealed that there is signicant association with pre-test knowledge score and age in year, type of family (4.52, 5.82.x = 3.84 at p ≤ 0.05 (1) signicance level). The study concluded that, there is requirement of large group mobilization towards water conservation methods. Further study can be conducted through mass communication in assessment of awareness, practice and attitude of different group of people in the communities regarding water conservation and its importance.

On the psychological importance of control and valorisation in psychiatric environments

Abstract When people suffering from severe mental illnesses are treated in psychiatric facilities, there appear conflicting priorities between security and individual control that are often skewed towards security. As a result, patients admitted to highly institutionalised psychiatric wards do not only suffer from mental illness but also from loss of control as a basic human need (Grawe, 2000). Through this loss of control (e.g., not being able to choose where to go), people become especially dependent on their immediate social and spatial surroundings. From a psychological point of view, the concept of control reflects in concepts such as self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977), internal vs. external locus of control (Rotter, 1966), or environmental mastery (Ryff, 1989), all pointing to a beneficial influence on well-being and health. Yet, depending on their current situation, psychiatric patients may also feel overwhelmed by an excess of choices. Increasing patients' sense of control by offering them small choices during their stay at a psychiatric environment, however, might increase well-being (cf. Langer & Rodin, 1968). This possibility of control has the potential to also activate the feeling of valorisation in patients: As a positive fundamental attitude towards another person, implying appreciation and respect, valorisation poses an important element of psychotherapy (e.g., Rogers, 1951). Especially as people with psychiatric disorders are still stereotyped and stigmatized (e.g., as a homogenous group of “the mentally ill”), actively searching for new ways to foster valorisation in psychiatric environments may further contribute to patients' well-being and individualisation. Transferring the concept of valorisation to physical objects as primes affords an opportunity to extend feeling appreciated beyond immediate social interaction.

Increased gaze cueing of attention during COVID-19 lockdown

SummaryAffiliation with others is a basic human need. The lockdown implemented for counteracting the COVID-19 pandemic has determined an unprecedented situation of social deprivation, forcing individuals to dramatically reduce face-to-face interactions. This, in turn, has caused relevant consequences on psychological well-being. However, the impact of lockdown-related social isolation on basic cognitive processes is still largely unknown. Here, we focus on social attention and address gaze cueing, namely the ability to shift attention in response to the gaze of others. This is a hard-wired cognitive mechanism critically supporting the establishment of social interactions and pervasive relationships among individuals. Our results show a stronger gaze-cueing effect during, rather than after, the lockdown, whose magnitude was positively correlated with social isolation distress. These findings indicate that, in a condition of prolonged social deprivation, orienting of attention may be shaped by hypersensitivity to social cues, likely due to the strive to reconnect with others.

Analisa Performansi Photovoltaic 200 WP dan Pompa Air Dc pada Implementasi Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS)

Water is one of the most widely used natural products by humans, such as for daily needs for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing and others, even industry, agriculture, offices all need water. Water is a basic human need, but it is still found in some areas with limited and difficult to reach water sources. This study aims to analyze the performance of photovoltaic (solar panels) and the results of the electric pump in the implementation of a solar power generation system (PLTS). In this study, designing a solar power plant (PLTS) that is connected to a solar charge controller and connected directly to a water pump system using a battery as a source. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the higher the solar radiation, the higher the output power of the 200 Wp PV module. Likewise, changes in reservoir height greatly affect changes in water discharge and currents. The higher the reservoir well distance, the smaller the water discharge and the higher the reservoir well distance also affects the increase in current.

“Wiraku Suci”: A Children’s App for Learning Hygiene Practices

Hygiene care is a basic human need, but very essential practice that must be taught since childhood. Personal hygiene involves making sure body parts are clean to avoid from health issues caused by poor cleanliness. Parents ultimately bear the responsibility to teach their children about cleanliness, and normally this is done by showing and practising hygiene care themselves. Nevertheless, it is not that easy to educate personal hygiene care to them, especially in the ages of four to six years old, because they are actively playing and exploring their environments. To aid parents, mobile learning app could be employed because hygiene habits can be shown via more engaging ways such as through pictures and video clips of personal hygiene care, simple drag and drop games, and pictorial quiz. In this study, a mobile learning app with game-based approach has been developed by following the software development life cycle Spiral model. During evaluation phase, a heuristic evaluation with five Computer Science lecturers was conducted to examine the usability of the app. Results from the evaluation were used as guidance to refine and improvise the app so that they will be usable and enjoyable for children.

Globalization/Human Safety: A Biopolitical Approach

Biopolitics focuses on the impact of globalization on the well-being of the individual and society as a whole. Accordingly, issues of human security and the threats posed by the process of globalization, as well as the transition from a disciplinary regime to a regime of governance at the global level, which, based on democratic values and liberal norms, are raised. That is why the problem of social justice and equality is solved. The issue of human safety within global governance should be emphasized. It is about a sense of security as a basic human need. Moreover, it is about the global security necessary for the survival and reproduction of humanity as a whole. As well as the study of potential socio-political consequences of the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering in the global dimension. This huge set of issues must be concretized, systematized, and logically structured through the analysis of the impact of globalization on the state of the individual, its relationship with the concept of bios; introduction at the international level of the doctrines of social justice, protection of human and civil rights at the global level; study of potential socio-political consequences of the development of biotechnology in the global dimension; introduction of new biopolitical models of power, governance and international relations; analysis of the theory of global evolution.

Examination of the Consumers’ Expectations Regarding Company’s Contribution to Ontological Security

Security is considered a basic human need, according to Maslow’s hierarchy; however, it is hard to define exactly what the term means. Globalization, the digital environment, bring new dimensions and increasingly diverse interpretations of security to life. These new approaches, while reducing the consistency of the concept, allow an understanding of individual attitudes towards security. In recent years, several researchers have analyzed the psychological dimension of security at a personal level and ontological security in relation to citizens, residents, employees and students; however, based on a review of research history, there is still a scientific gap with regard to the perspective of customers and consumers. Accepting the fact that market actors are increasingly taking their share of creating a secure environment, in our empirical study we focus on corporate involvement and contribution through an examination of consumers’ perceptions of security. Corporate security is originally a field supporting the smooth operation of the organization, but nowadays it has become an important element of corporate strategy and also a factor of competitiveness. Keeping that in mind, our objective is to get a picture of how consumers judge the contribution of companies to the general sense of security in Hungary, what security-related tasks they expect from the corporate actors, and how they feel about a company’s security-related performance. In our study, we develop the ontological security model of consumers, into which we integrate—next to the individual socio-psychological features and the macro-environmental elements—the dimension of the assessment of corporate performance, the possible components of which are analyzed during the quantitative primary research.

Redressing legal pluralism in South Africa’s water law

ABSTRACT During apartheid, South Africa formalized legal pluralism as territorial and institutional segregation that legitimized the white minority’s grab of most land, water and mineral resources. In the homelands on the remaining 13% of the country, allied tribal chiefs controlled second-class customary land and water rights. Under the democratic dispensation, the new Constitution (1996) and National Water Act (1998) aim at redressing this racial discrimination. However, these goals have not been achieved. Building on literature, field research and ongoing policy and legal debates, this paper traces causes for this failure and examines whether and how a different interpretation of statutory law can decolonize past legal pluralism. A main cause of this failure is the continued power by white large-scale water users and their consultants and lawyers. Monopolizing technical and legal knowledge, they fiercely defend apartheid era’s Existing Lawful Uses by 1998 and relatively easily obtain administrative licences for post-1998 water uptake, while claiming excessive monetary values of entitlements to water resources that the state, with tax payers, as custodian holds. In contrast, black water users’ pre-1998 Existing Lawful Uses have not been defined as yet and burdensome licences processes for new water uptake are inaccessible to the many smaller-scale black water users. The paper concludes that, in former homelands, the legal status of living customary water tenure should be elevated and protected. Inclusive facilitated processes can further clarify the “sharing in” of water resources flowing over or under the communities’ territories inside the boundaries of former homelands, also to enable gradual alignment with constitutional rights. However, in “sharing out” these water resources with powerful third parties, including foreign investors, customary water tenure should be fully protected. As a core minimum of highest priority water resource rights across the country, the current Basic Human Needs Reserve should include all water-related constitutional rights, so also water for sufficient food, and be implemented.

PDAM TIRTA KEPRI SEBAGAI SANITASI DI WILAYAH DI KOTA TANJUNGPINANG

Water is a basic human need that must be met every day. This results in the provision of water to be carried out even though the availability of raw water is limited. The limited availability of raw water is caused by the reduced water catchment area due to land conversion, the reservoir environment that has not been optimally conserved, and the reservoir as a reservoir for raw water which is not sufficient in number, even though the raw water in Tanjungpinang City comes from rainfall, so it is necessary to for the construction of a new reservoir. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the management of resources by PDAM Tirta Kepri. This is because PDAM Tirta Kepri as a company engaged in the management, supply, and distribution of water to the community, thus has the responsibility to manage water resources. PDAM Tirta Kepri is a company that manages clean water which has been consumed by the people of Tanjungpinang. Even though it has been running so far, PDAM Tirta Kepri still needs to maximize the number of sales in order to meet the water needs of the people of Tanjungpinang city.

PENERAPAN APLIKASI DIGITAL DALAM PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM DESA TAMIANG

In the era of IT-based technology and the Internet of Thinks (IoT), the use of Android-based technology that can be accessed anywhere has become a basic human need. An Android-based bookkeeping application can be used as a tool for recording the inflow and outflow of money that can be used easily and applicable for small and medium-sized businesses. Business actors in Tamiang Village (UMKM) are actors who come from various circles. This type of business has a very large turnover, so a tool is needed to manage financial bookkeeping. At this time there are still many business actors who in running their business have not used information technology applications, they still use books to record their finances. The method that will be implemented in this activity is the method of visits, lectures and practice. The purpose of this service is that the community can take advantage of an Android-based financial bookkeeping application, making it easier for recording and being able to find out the progress of the business being run

RUMAH INTI TUMBUH SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KELAYAKAN PERUMAHAN DI INDONESIA

Abstract: This paper focuses on examining the role of the growing core house concept in increasing the livability of houses and housing in Indonesia. The house is a very valuable place vital for human development, the house is a shelter and a basic human need. Therefore the house must have the feasibility to support all activities of normal daily life. However, the feasibility of houses and housing is still a problem in Indonesia, this is due to the construction of houses and housing that does not really consider functionality but is more profit-oriented. This study uses a literature study research method. The concept of developing core houses to grow can be an alternative to increase the feasibility of houses and housing in Indonesia with several potentials, such as simple design, ease of construction, and affordability and weaknesses, such as being able to create slum areas if not planned properly.
 Keywords: core house grows, feasibility

Analysis of Electrical Energy Contained in Vegetables

This study aims to determine the source of electrical energy in potatoes and lime. The method used is based on the principle that the salt content in potatoes is a solution, where salt is the solute and water is the solvent, so the ions can move freely. The movement of the ions in the potato can conduct electricity. For the contained acid lime affects the hardness of the composite, which affects the matrix and filler bonds. oxalic acid, which is in lime juice, is a type of electrolyte solution. In a voltaic cell, the electrolyte solution can function to deliver ions from the anode to the cathode so that it can produce electrical energy. Electrical energy is energy that is very important in life. Electrical energy is a basic human need so that potatoes and lime can be used as an alternative source of electrical energy.