Basic Human Need Research Articles

Challenges of Indonesian Halal Industry in the Digital Economic Era

Food is the most important basic human need, and its fulfilment is part of the human rights of every Indonesian people. Food must always be available in a sufficient, safe, quality, nutritious, varied manner at a price that is affordable by people's purchasing power and is halal given the religion and beliefs of the community, especially Muslims. The awareness of Muslim consumers in Indonesia regarding halal products continues to increase. However, there are interesting facts about the current pattern of fast food and beverages consumption due to technological advances in today's digital economy. This article examines the challenges of the Indonesian halal industry in the digital economy era. The method used in this study is a juridical or normative approach, such as an approach to legislation and literature relevant to the halal industry. As a result, the law on halal product guarantees emphasises that the challenge for the Indonesian halal industry in this digital economy era is the obligation of halal certification for all food and beverage products. Unfortunately, the regulation is not serious enough to be enforced by the government because it is not supported by the ease and low cost of making a halal certification, coupled with a lack of public awareness. So the halal industry in the form of fast food and beverages in Indonesia, especially in today's digital economy, is still difficult to obtain. Thus, to obtain a halal food and beverage industry in this digital economy era, the alternative is that there must be a special institution that issues and supervises halal certification of food and beverage products that will circulate in the community and synergise with the government.

The Effect of Socialization Implementation of Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Points (HACCP) on Food Processing in Bahteramas General Hospital and Kendari City General Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province

Food is a basic need for humans, food that is not safe for consumption can cause disease in humans, nosocomial infections, and food poisoning. The results of observations at the Bahteramas General Hospital and hospitals. The city of Kendari has not yet implemented the HACCP system, so innovation is needed so that the HACCP program can be implemented. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of socialization on the application of food processing at Bahteramas General Hospital and hospitals. Kendari City. This type of research is quantitative, Quasy experiment design. The research was conducted at Bahteramas General Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province and in hospitals. Kendari City on January 28 - March 4, 2022. The sample is part of the nutrition staff, hosts and waiters at Bahteramas General Hospital and in hospitals. Kendari City in 2022. The intervention sample was given socialization about HACCP as many as 25 people obtained by simple random sampling and the control sample was not given socialization as many as 19 people obtained from the total sampling. Data collection techniques with questionnaires and observation. Data were analyzed using Mc.Neymar test. The results of research at the Bahteramas General Hospital obtained p value 0.031 < 0.05 for food processing obtained, and p value 0.031 < 0.05 for food presentation The conclusion is that there is an effect of socializing the application of HACCP on food processing and serving in hospitals. Kendari City. Suggestions for hospitals to implement the HACCP system. For health workers, food handlers and food servicers, to improve food management efforts based on the principles of food hygiene and sanitation.

Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) Teori dan Aplikasi

Health is a basic human need as described in Law No. 36 of 2009, which is considered physically, mentally, and socially that enables everyone to live productively. One indicator that reflects health in the community is the health behavior carried out by individuals in the community itself. Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is an approach model that can be used to predict a person's healthy behavior. This research is a literature study that aims to explain the theory and various forms of PMT applications. The PMT consists of a threat appraisal that is individualized based on disease susceptibility and perceived severity. The way an individual chooses to respond to a threatening situation is based on two beliefs, namely 1) implementing a behavior that will resolve the threat (response efficacy) and 2) the individual's belief about his or her ability to perform the behavior effectively (self-efficacy). Fear will elicit an adaptive response (intention to perform a behavior) or a maladaptive response (avoidance or rejection). The PMT framework is used to explain healthy human behavior where it is fear that is used to control or change a person's behavior. PMT applications can be used not only in the health sector but also in other fields. PMT application is not only used to identify behavior but also for maladaptive behavior intervention.

Role of chemical composition of drinking water in human health of the community

Drinking water that is secure to drink is a basic human need that should be met by every-one. Waterborne disease prevention and control begin with ensuring the safety of drinking water. The present study was designed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of ground water in 20 different localities of Tehsil Taunsa DG Khan, Punjab Pakistan. For this purpose, ground water samples were collected from Mangrotha, Sokar, BastiBuzdar, KotQaisrani, JhokeBodo, Litra, Vehova, Bohar, MakwalKalan, Bindi, Dona, NariJanubi, TibbiQaisrani, Morejhangi, Babbi, Nutkani, JaluWali, Lakhani, Kotani and Chulani were physico-chemically (Turbidity, Odor, Color, TDS, HCO3, Alkalinity, Ca, CO3, Cl, EC, Fl, Hardness, Mg, SO4, pH, Na and K) characterized. The results revealed a significant increase in physical and chemical counts. Among Chemical parameters, the concentration of Alkalinity was in range of 205 mg/L to 235 mg/L, the concentration of Calcium was in range of 60 mg/L to 112 mg/L, the concentration of carbonates only in one location (BastiBuzdar) was slightly high 64 mg/L, the value of Electrical Conductivity was in range of 1230 µS/cm to 1260 µS/cm, the concentration of hardness varies between 145 mg/L to 550 mg/L. The levels of all other parameters were within WHO's acceptable ranges. A survey was also done to assess the impact of drinking water on city inhabitants' fitness. Globally, 780 million people, and 100 million people in Pakistan are exposed to insecure water sources. To estimate the health threat of infected water, a total of 160 residents interviewed. The information acquired from this field work will reveal a high prevalence of suspected water borne diseases like diarrhea, nausea & vomiting, gastrointestinal issues, Skin Rash, Skin irritation, Diabetes, Neural diseases, Renal dysfunction, Cholera, malaria, prolonged fever, Cancer, Hepatitis and jaundice. To resolve water and environmental problems, consciousness and regular monitoring programs of water organization and safe removal of waste was proposed. As a result, in all of the research areas, a well-organized waste disposal and management system is required. To make sure that the water is suitable for human consumption, regular drinking water quality assessments of the resource, main allotment tanks, distribution systems and pipes should be used.

Maternal Uyku Sorunlarının Obstetrik Sonuçlara Etkisi ve Bakım

Uyku, temel bir insan gereksinimi olup sağlıklı ve kaliteli bir yaşam için gereklidir. Kadınlar, horlama dışındaki uyku bozukluklarını, erkeklere kıyasla iki kat daha fazla yaşamaktadır. Gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu dönemlerde var olan uyku sorunları şiddetlenmekte veya yeni başlangıçlı uyku sorunları gelişmektedir. Maternal uykudaki bozulmalar, gebeliğin ilk trimesterinde başlamakta, ikinci trimesterde azalmakta ve son trimesterde en üst seviyeye ulaşmaktadır. Doğum eylemindeki pek çok kadın; hastanede bulunma, kontraksiyonlar, yapılan müdahaleler, kullanılan ilaçlar, emosyonel sorunlar nedeniyle uyuma güçlüğü yaşamaktadır. Postpartum ilk günlerde ise emzirme ve bebek bakımı gibi nedenlerle annenin uykusu sıkça bölünmektedir. Doğumdan üç-altı ay sonra maternal uyku sorunları azalmakta fakat uyku kalitesi gebelikten önceki haline dönmemektedir. Yaşanan uyku sorununun türü, süresi, sıklığı ve şiddeti ile ilişkili olarak farklı obstetrik komplikasyonlar gelişebilmektedir. Bu duruma bağlı olarak hem maternal hem de fetal morbidite ve mortalite hızları artmaktadır. Maternal uyku sorunları, erken dönemde tanılanıp uygun şekilde yönetildiğinde ise bu sorunların, anne, fetüs ve yenidoğan sağlığına olan olumsuz etkileri azaltılabilmektedir. Bu nedenle sağlık ekibi üyelerinin, özellikle de ebe ve hemşirelerin; maternal uyku sorunlarını ihmal etmemesi, erken dönemde tanılaması, uygun şekilde yönetmesi ve kadınların başa çıkma mekanizmalarını arttırması gerekmektedir.

Social determinants of mental health during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Belonging is a basic human need, with social isolation signaling a threat to biological fitness. Sensitivity to ostracism varies across individuals and the lifespan, peaking in adolescence. Government-imposed restrictions upon social interactions during COVID-19 may therefore be particularly detrimental to young people and those most sensitive to ostracism. Participants (N = 2367; 89.95% female, 11-100 years) from three countries with differing levels of government restrictions (Australia, UK, and USA) were surveyed thrice at three-month intervals (May 2020 - April 2021). Young people, and those living under the tightest government restrictions, reported the worst mental health, with these inequalities in mental health remaining constant throughout the study period. Further dissection of these results revealed that young people high on social rejection sensitivity reported the most mental health problems at the final assessment. These findings help account for the greater impact of enforced social isolation on young people's mental health, and open novel avenues for intervention.

A study to assess the sleep habits and the sleep problems among labour workers in urban areas of Silvassa, Dadra Nagar Haveli, with a view to develop and provide an informational booklet on sleep hygiene

Sleep is one of the basic human need of life. Almost 40-50% of adults reports difficulty in sleep. The need of complete sleep cycle are not being met fully. According to National Sleep Foundation’s 7 to 9 hours of sleep has been recommended. “Sleep hygiene

PEMANFAATAN FILTRASI MULTIMEDIA DALAM MENGOLAH AIR PAYAU DI DESA GOSONG TELAGA BARAT KABUPATEN ACEH SINGKIL

Water is a basic human need. The use of water is very complex, among others, for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, agriculture, fisheries, and so on. Coastal areas are often faced with the problem of limited water resources. In terms of quantity, coastal areas generally have abundant water, but it is often difficult to obtain water for various uses, due to inadequate quality. Limited water resources in coastal areas are related to the scarcity of fresh water that can be used as clean water. This study aims to desalinate brackish water into fresh water that can be used as clean water for sanitation hygiene needs. The process of desalinating brackish water into clean water uses the multimedia filtration method. Filtration is a process of separating solids from fluids (liquids or gases) that carry them using a porous medium or other porous material to remove as much of the suspended and colloidal fine solids as possible. The filtration media used in this study were activated carbon, silica sand, zeolite and gravel. These media are effective in reducing salinity and turbidity in brackish water.

In favour of a hedonist post-pandemic culture: Embodying new technologies and old rituals

Social distancing has entered our bodies and changed our behaviour. The fight against COVID-19 leaves people with a different feeling of what it means to be together in the flesh. In this article, I will tackle the tension between virtualization of communication, social distancing and the basic human need for bodily contact. Sigmund Freud used the term ‘oceanic feeling’ to express human yearning for becoming one with others and the sense of fluidity of the self. This concept goes beyond basic intercorporeality. It represents experiences in meditation and cultural practices of immersion. Both the maximum intensity of intercorporeal behaviour and the dissolution of the bodily boundaries belong to this experience. The literature in the pandemic covers mainly new rituals and bodily practices of distance but there is not much reflection on what has gone missing and its relation to current and future cultural practices. In this article, I will discuss hedonist embodied rituals like dance, eating and celebrating in public as vital parts of human cultures. Being abolished as contagious sites of infection, their return to the social sphere is, now more than ever, viewed as problematic and potentially subversive in the face of an atmosphere of anxiety. My aim is to argue against cultural tendencies of social control and the emphasis of disembodied virtual forms of togetherness in favour of a posthuman hedonist culture incorporating new technologies and old rituals.

Empirical Assessment for the Domestic Worker Housing: A Case Study of Lahore

A house is considered a basic human need. It provides identity, security, belonging, and privacy. Regrettably, Pakistan is facing a housing backlog of almost 10 million units. This research aims to diagnose the problems related to accommodation that domestic workers are facing and to assess the pragmatic options for housing the labor class groups. Data for this research was collected from the residents, domestic workers, and relevant authorities through a structured questionnaire survey in selected case study areas. The dependent variable in the study is the provision of accommodation to the domestic workers, which needs to be calculated. The predictors or independent variables are affordability of domestic workers’ residence, salary, housing provision, financial status, and role of government. The results reveal that when “provision of housing allowance” to the domestic workers will help in overcoming the problem of housing available to the workers Its value goes up by 1, “provision of residence to domestic workers at nearby places” increases by 0.518 Similarly, “provision of nearby residence increases the work efficiency” goes up to 1, “provision of residence to domestic workers at nearby places” goes up by the value 0.118. Analysis revealed that workers’ work efficiency depends upon, Government and financial support from the people. The findings of the study/research analysis revealed that most domestic workers are being deprived of livable housing and have to bear significant travel expenses to reach their workplaces. There is a dire need to form a government-based strong association for the domestic worker which would work for the betterment of domestic workers to improve their quality of life. The government and private developers should increase the supply of low-income housing in the form of vertical growth development. It can be pertinent to propose that housing opportunities have to be placed close to the vicinity of workplaces to reduce the travel cost bear by domestic workers.

INSPEKSI SANITASI LINGKUNGAN PERUMAHAN DI PERUMAHAN TAMAN SURYA AGUNG, WAGE, TAMAN, SIDOARJO

A house is a basic human need both as a place to live and as an investment asset. A healthy house is one of the means to achieve optimal health. The realization of public health in a housing is determined by the location, quality of environmental health infrastructure. The purpose of this research is to inspect and assess the quality of environmental sanitation in the Taman Surya Agung Sidoarjo housing estate, with reference Kepmenkes RI No. 829/1999 on Housing Health Requirements, SNI 03-1733-2004 on environmental management procedures, and Permenkes No. 3/2014 on Community-Based Total Sanitation. The research method is descriptive analytic by conducting direct observations and interviews in the field at three houses located in Taman Surya Agung Housing. The instrument used is an environmental health inspection form. The results showed that there were several variables that did not meet the requirements for the housing variable, house components, occupant behavior and house sanitation, but of all the houses inspected, they were categorized as healthy houses with an average value of 88.5%. The conclusion of this study is the residential and residential environment in Taman Surya Agung Sidoarjo Housing is categorized as a healthy environment.

The Characteristics of Coconut Oil Products Based on Papaya Juice and Duration Fermentation using Rhizopus sp.

Coconut oil is a basic human need. Coconut oil can be made both traditional and enzymatically. Enzymatic manufacture of coconut oil is the separation of oil in coconut milk using protein-breaking enzymes called proteolytic enzymes. Enzymatic production of coconut oil has the advantages of easy-to-obtain raw materials, does not require much energy, and simple processing. This study was conducted to determine the effect of time and amount of papaya juice used with the coconut oil yields obtained. The results of the study at a time of 3 days with a volume of 75 ml of papaya juice, it was obtained that the volume of coconut oil was the most, which was 11.4 ml. Making coconut oil using coconut milk and papaya juice mixed and added 2 grams of tempeh yeast then measured the pH to pH 4. Next, the glass is closed so that air does not enter during the fermentation time of 3-5 days. After being fermented then separated between water and pulp from making coconut oil. Next, pulp from making coconut oil is heated to produce oil. In addition, the free fatty acid test and the saponification number test were also carried out to determine whether the coconut oil produced complies with the quality requirements of SNI 2902-2011. This indicates that some treatment effect of coconut oil compiles is possible, a quality requirement of SNI 2902-2011.

Peningkatan Kualitas Air Sungai Deli Dengan Menggunakan Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) Sebagai Biofilter Bakteri Patogen (Escherichia coli)

Water is a basic need for humans because it is needed, among others, for households, industry, agriculture and improving public health. Clean water that meets the standards, namely physical, chemical, and microbiological requirements. Escherichia coli is one of the microbiological indicators in water. One of the sources of clean water used by the people in the city of Medan comes from the Deli river. The development of industry and settlements around the Deli river causes water pollution. Freshwater mussel as a biofilter that can be used to maintain the water quality of the Deli river. This study aims to determine the effective use of mussel as a biofilter of Escherichia coli bacteria and the most effective length of time to improve water quality. This study used RAL (Completely Randomized Design) with treatment durations K0 (Control), K1 (Day 5), K2 (Day 10 days) and Day 15. The results showed that mussel was effectively used as a biofilter to reduce the number of Escherichia coli and for 10 days was quite effective in reducing the number of Escherichia coli in Deli river water.

Regional social progress index of Goiás - Brazil / Índice regional de progresso social de Goiás - Brasil

The Social Progress Index (SPI) measures the extent to which countries meet the social and environmental needs of their citizens. Composed by the dimensions ‘Basic Human Needs’, ‘Foundations of Well-Being’, and ‘Opportunities’, the SPI is a set of indicators that allow a granular analysis of the fundamentals of Social Progress currently reaching 168 countries. In this article we analyze the results for the calculation of the Social Progress Index for all municipalities in the State of Goiás – Brazil. The calculation methodology applied is based on the same used by ‘Social Progress Imperative’, for the SPI calculations at national levels. After obtaining and evaluating the results, it was found that the work presented internal inconsistencies, many of them derived from the inadequate adaptation of proxies initially designed for national levels, but which were not suitable for the subnational level. There are still others due to the lack of abundant information for the municipalities in more recent and similar periods, due to the limitation of having some existing data only according to the Brazilian census of 2010. Even so, the difficulties encountered in the adaptations and the analysis of the results generated a extraordinary wealth of methodological alternatives for future work.

Technostress During COVID-19: Action Regulation Hindrances and the Mediating Role of Basic Human Needs among Psychology Students.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to an abrupt change from in-person to online teaching in higher education, resulting in increased use of information and communication technology (ICT) and students’ stress and uncertainty. Integrating theories of human motivation, stress, and humane work design, we investigated whether different types of action regulation hindrances (ARH) pertaining to human (ICT competence deficits), technology (technical problems), interaction (coordination difficulties), and task aspects (work overload) related to technostress (H1). Furthermore, we examined if this relationship was mediated by satisfaction of the basic human needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness (H2). Our analysis of causes and mechanisms of technostress is based on cross-sectional survey data (self-report) from 205 psychology students attending an organizational psychology class that was switched from an in-person to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural equation modeling revealed that different types of ARH (i.e., ICT competence deficits, technical problems, coordination difficulties, work overload) positively predicted technostress (β = .17 to β = .42, p < .05). The effects were (partially) mediated by satisfaction of the need for autonomy (β = .11 to β = .15, p < .05), for all ARH except technical problems (β = .01, p = .86). We discuss implications for online course planning, technostress prevention as well as potential interventions beyond pandemic times.

JURIDIC REVIEW OF GRANTING RIGHTS TO FLAT UNITS TO FOREIGN CITIZENS BASED ON THE PROVISIONS OF LEGISLATION IN INDONESIA

One of the efforts made by the state to improve the national economy is by increasing the number of investors working in the territory of Indonesia, then the impact of these activities causes the government to make a regulation that aims to attract foreign investors into Indonesia. Housing is a basic human need guaranteed by the constitution, because one form of arrangement made by the government is to give ownership rights to flat units to foreign citizens. The normative juridical research method uses an approach based on the main legal material by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and statutory regulations. This approach is also known as the library approach, namely by studying various books, laws and regulations and other documents related to this research. Based on the results of research conducted, the granting of apartment unit rights to foreign nationals caused a debate, this is because the phrase property rights referred to in the basic agrarian law is known to only be attached to land that can be owned by Indonesian citizens, when reviewing the provisions of human rights law. Human rights guaranteed in the constitution give everyone the right to be able to control a right, including property rights which are the right to control objects.

Development of 3 Phase Pump Panel Monitoring System based on Internet of Things (Case Study PERUMDAM)

Water is the most basic human need. To maintain the distribution of water runs well, PERUMDAM uses a water pump panel to run and monitor the water pump to keep running. Even so, the water pump can be damaged at any time so PERUMDAM officers do routine activities to check the health of the water pump. Therefore, this article tries to solve the problem by making the design and implementing the IoT-based pump panels.&#x0D; An IoT-based pump panel is a device that is connected to an Android application to control and monitor the pump panel in real-time. In this study, NodeMCU is used as a center for sensor data retrieval to be sent to Firebase. Android applications can send notifications if there are anomalies in the sensor data. Controlling that can be done by the IoT-based pump panel is changing the mode on the analog pump panel from manual to automatic, and vice versa.&#x0D; The monitoring data obtained by the IoT-based pump panel is divided into two types. The optocoupler generates data related to the sensors on the analog pump panel in a boolean form. The power meter generates data in the form of values for voltage (R, S, T), current (R, S, T), frequency, and others as needed. The data obtained on the power meter can be used to calculate the power used by the analog pump panel.

Bacteriological composition of groundwater and its role in human health

Drinking water that is secure to drink is a basic human need that should be met by everyone. Waterborne disease prevention and control begin with ensuring the safety of drinking water. The present study was designed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of ground water in twenty different localities of Tehsil Taunsa DG Khan, Punjab Pakistan. For this purpose, ground water samples were collected from Mangrotha, Sokar, BastiBuzdar, KotQaisrani, JhokeBodo, Litra, Vehova, Bohar, MakwalKalan, Bindi, Dona, NariJanubi, TibbiQaisrani, Morejhangi, Babbi, Nutkani, JaluWali, Lakhani, Kotani and Chulani and bacteriologically characterized. The results revealed a significant increase in bacterial counts. Bacterial infections such as Fecal Coliforms and E.Coli had extraordinarily high concentrations, ranging from 25 CFU/mL to 50 CFU/mL and 2.5 CFU/mL to 3.5 CFU/mL, respectively. The levels of all other parameters were within WHO’s acceptable ranges. A survey was also done to assess the impact of drinking water on city inhabitants' fitness. Globally, 780 million people, and 100 million people in Pakistan are exposed to insecure water sources. To estimate the health threat of infected water, a total of 160 residents interviewed. The information acquired from this field work will reveal a high prevalence of suspected water borne diseases like diarrhea, nausea & vomiting, gastrointestinal issues, Skin Rash, Skin irritation, Diabetes, Neural diseases, Renal dysfunction, Cholera, malaria, prolonged fever, Cancer, Hepatitis and jaundice. To resolve water and environmental problems, consciousness and regular monitoring programs of water organization and safe removal of waste was proposed. As a result, in all of the research areas, a well-organized waste disposal and management system is required. To make sure that the water is suitable for human consumption, regular drinking water quality assessments of the resource, main allotment tanks, distribution systems and pipes should be used.

On the association between housing deprivation and urban size: Evidence from South Asia

Housing is a basic human need; however, in recent decades slums have become the face of urbanization in developing economies. Urbanization drives economic growth, playing an important role in providing adequate housing and reducing poverty. In this paper, we investigate the association between housing deprivation and the urban size at a regional level for South Asian countries in the year 2015. We use two main sources of data. The first is the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), which provide microdata that allows us to build housing deprivation indexes based on the material characteristics of households and housing assets. The second source is satellite imagery, used to define urban cores and measure the urban size of each region. Then, we use a two-step procedure to identify the relationship between the urban size and housing deprivation. Our results indicate that age and higher levels of education (of the head of household) are negatively associated with our housing deprivation indexes in South Asian households. Furthermore, a greater number of children in South Asian households is related to higher levels of housing deprivation. In the second step, we show that there is a significant negative association between material housing deprivation and the urban size at a regional level for our full sample and for the majority of countries taken individually. An important exception is India, where an inverted-U-shaped relationship between deprivation and urban size is found. This result is robust even when an IV approach is used.

Hubungan Kausal antara 14 Faktor Preferensi Generasi Y dan Z dalam Memilih Jenis Hunian

&lt;p class="AbstractTitle"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Housing is a basic human need besides food and clothing. Housing needs are important, especially among generations Y and Z, who are currently dominating the world's population today. In determining the desired for housing, a person always relates to the criteria they want as well as these two generations.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the type of housing desired by generations Y and Z. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was carried out using online questionnaires and distribution with non-random sampling method. The qualitative data were analysed using the open-coding method. Quantitative data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Based on the results of the research, the factor of choosing a house is divided into fourteen factors (latent variables), namely facility and infrastructure, clean environment, natural environment, security, accessibility, landed housing attributes, vertical housing attributes, social relations, countryside or sub-urban locations, crowded environments, supporting facilities, future investment, city views, and en suite bathroom and exterior. The main factors for generations Y and Z choosing landed housing outside the city are the factors of countryside location and future investment. The main factors for generations Y and Z choosing vertical housing in the city center were accessibility, crowded surroundings, and views of the city. The main factors generation Y and Z choose cohousing in the suburbs are social relationships, sub-urban location, and en suite bathroom and exterior. Meanwhile, the factors that generation Y and Z do not want in choosing cohousing housing are the crowded environment and landed housing attributes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;